Question 1

Which of the following describes the difference between a general search and a focal search?

Accepted Answer

A) General searches are localized, while focal searches focus on a larger area. 
B) General searches occur when an animal does not yet know specifically where to look for food, while focal searches are spatially localized. 
C) General searches are appetitive while focal searches are consummatory. 
D) There are no differences; both terms are alternative ways of describing appetitive behavior. 
A) General searches are localized, while focal searches focus on a larger area. 
B) General searches occur when an animal does not yet know specifically where to look for food, while focal searches are spatially localized. 
C) General searches are appetitive while focal searches are consummatory. 
D) There are no differences; both terms are alternative ways of describing appetitive behavior.

Question 2

How can a response that has decreased through habituation to the eliciting stimulus be reinstated?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How can a response that has decreased...

Question 3

Which of the following is not a modal action pattern?

Accepted Answer

A) the startle response of rats 
B) the beak-pecking behavior of herring gull chicks 
C) the nest building behaviors of male sticklebacks 
D) the courtship interactions of ring doves. 
A) the startle response of rats 
B) the beak-pecking behavior of herring gull chicks 
C) the nest building behaviors of male sticklebacks 
D) the courtship interactions of ring doves.

Question 4

According to the dual-process theory, when rats were tested with a relatively quiet background noise, their response to a startling tone

Accepted Answer

A) habituated because the state system was already responding to auditory stimuli. 
B) habituated because only the S-R system was activated. 
C) sensitized because the state system was responding to the background tone. 
D) sensitized because both the state and S-R systems were activated. 
A) habituated because the state system was already responding to auditory stimuli. 
B) habituated because only the S-R system was activated. 
C) sensitized because the state system was responding to the background tone. 
D) sensitized because both the state and S-R systems were activated.

Question 5

According to Groves and Thompson (1970), which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Habituation and sensitization processes occur in different parts of the nervous system. 
B) Habituation is similar to fatigue; sensitization is similar to adaptation. 
C) Habituation is similar to adaptation; sensitization is similar to fatigue. 
D) Both habituation and sensitization occur at the level of the sensory receptors. 
A) Habituation and sensitization processes occur in different parts of the nervous system. 
B) Habituation is similar to fatigue; sensitization is similar to adaptation. 
C) Habituation is similar to adaptation; sensitization is similar to fatigue. 
D) Both habituation and sensitization occur at the level of the sensory receptors.

Question 6

Which of the following is true regarding the respiratory occlusion reflex?

Accepted Answer

A) It causes humans to hold their breath underwater. 
B) It is a multistage response to a reduction of airflow. 
C) It allows nursing to proceed when the nose is covered. 
D) It causes an infant to orient towards the nipple. 
A) It causes humans to hold their breath underwater. 
B) It is a multistage response to a reduction of airflow. 
C) It allows nursing to proceed when the nose is covered. 
D) It causes an infant to orient towards the nipple.

Question 7

A loud tone is repeatedly presented to a group of rats.Initially, there is a large startle response that decreases across trials.The response decrease across trials may be due to

Accepted Answer

A) habituation. 
B) fatigue. 
C) sensory adaptation. 
D) All of the above 
A) habituation. 
B) fatigue. 
C) sensory adaptation. 
D) All of the above

Question 8

Habituation in the Aplysia occurs due to

Accepted Answer

A) changes in the facilitory interneuron. 
B) changes in the sensitivity of the motor neuron. 
C) changes in the amount of neurotransmitter released by the sensory neuron. 
D) changes in the action potential of the sensory neuron. 
A) changes in the facilitory interneuron. 
B) changes in the sensitivity of the motor neuron. 
C) changes in the amount of neurotransmitter released by the sensory neuron. 
D) changes in the action potential of the sensory neuron.

Question 9

Which of the following is the incorrect statement about reflexive behaviors?

Accepted Answer

A) Most reflexes promote the well-being of the organism. 
B) Simple reflexes are not influenced by higher nervous system functions. 
C) Reflexes are the simplest form of elicited behavior. 
D) The organization of the nervous system determines the specificity of the stimulus/response relationship. 
A) Most reflexes promote the well-being of the organism. 
B) Simple reflexes are not influenced by higher nervous system functions. 
C) Reflexes are the simplest form of elicited behavior. 
D) The organization of the nervous system determines the specificity of the stimulus/response relationship.

Question 10

The opponent-process theory predicts that couples who have spent many years together

Accepted Answer

A) become bored and enjoy time apart. 
B) become increasingly affectionate. 
C) become resentful if the other partner leaves, even for a short time. 
D) will show few overt signs of affection. 
A) become bored and enjoy time apart. 
B) become increasingly affectionate. 
C) become resentful if the other partner leaves, even for a short time. 
D) will show few overt signs of affection.

Question 11

Of the following, which is not a reflexive behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) a baby pulling away when its nose and mouth are covered 
B) maintaining attention when driving 
C) turning to the location of a loud noise 
D) sneezing in response to dust 
A) a baby pulling away when its nose and mouth are covered 
B) maintaining attention when driving 
C) turning to the location of a loud noise 
D) sneezing in response to dust

Question 12

The opponent-process theory suggests that alcoholics continue drinking to

Accepted Answer

A) avoid opponent after-effects. 
B) increase opponent after-effects. 
C) enjoy the primary pleasurable effects. 
D) enjoy the secondary pleasurable effects. 
A) avoid opponent after-effects. 
B) increase opponent after-effects. 
C) enjoy the primary pleasurable effects. 
D) enjoy the secondary pleasurable effects.

Question 13

Which of the following most correctly describes a sign stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A) first causes sensitization, then habituation 
B) first causes habituation, then sensitization 
C) sufficient for eliciting a modal action pattern 
D) similar to an instinct 
A) first causes sensitization, then habituation 
B) first causes habituation, then sensitization 
C) sufficient for eliciting a modal action pattern 
D) similar to an instinct

Question 14

Spontaneous recovery from habituation occurs

Accepted Answer

A) after time passes. 
B) after a strong extraneous stimulus is presented. 
C) after a weak extraneous stimulus is presented. 
D) All of the above 
A) after time passes. 
B) after a strong extraneous stimulus is presented. 
C) after a weak extraneous stimulus is presented. 
D) All of the above

Question 15

Describe the opponent-process theory of motivation.Using an example from common human experience, demonstrate how the mechanisms of the theory account for an overt response.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the opponent-process theory of motivation.Using an...

Question 16

Which of the following is most likely to be characterized as an appetitive behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) a sparrow manipulating a seed in its beak 
B) a woman drinking a glass of milk 
C) a woodchuck chewing on a blade of grass 
D) a chef preparing a cream pie 
A) a sparrow manipulating a seed in its beak 
B) a woman drinking a glass of milk 
C) a woodchuck chewing on a blade of grass 
D) a chef preparing a cream pie

Question 17

Which two closely related events constitute a reflex?

Accepted Answer

A) eliciting outcome; corresponding reward 
B) eliciting stimulus; corresponding response 
C) eliciting response; corresponding outcome 
D) eliciting response; corresponding reward 
A) eliciting outcome; corresponding reward 
B) eliciting stimulus; corresponding response 
C) eliciting response; corresponding outcome 
D) eliciting response; corresponding reward

Question 18

Response fatigue occurs during which of the following conditions?

Accepted Answer

A) Repeated actions cause muscles to temporarily weaken. 
B) Changes in the nervous system hinder transmission of neural impulses. 
C) Neurophysiological changes alter sense organs. 
D) All of the above 
A) Repeated actions cause muscles to temporarily weaken. 
B) Changes in the nervous system hinder transmission of neural impulses. 
C) Neurophysiological changes alter sense organs. 
D) All of the above

Question 19

Which of the following is the simplest form of elicited behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) the habitation response 
B) feedback stimuli 
C) reflexive behavior 
D) the sensitization process 
A) the habitation response 
B) feedback stimuli 
C) reflexive behavior 
D) the sensitization process

Question 20

Describe the two processes of the dual-process theory of habituation and sensitization and the differences between these processes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the two processes of the dual-process...

Which of the following describes the difference between a general search and a focal search?

How can a response that has decreased through habituation to the eliciting stimulus be reinstated?

Which of the following is not a modal action pattern?

According to the dual-process theory, when rats were tested with a relatively quiet background noise, their response to a startling tone

According to Groves and Thompson (1970), which of the following is true?

Which of the following is true regarding the respiratory occlusion reflex?

A loud tone is repeatedly presented to a group of rats.Initially, there is a large startle response that decreases across trials.The response decrease across trials may be due to

Habituation in the Aplysia occurs due to

Which of the following is the incorrect statement about reflexive behaviors?

The opponent-process theory predicts that couples who have spent many years together

Of the following, which is not a reflexive behavior?

The opponent-process theory suggests that alcoholics continue drinking to

Which of the following most correctly describes a sign stimulus?

Spontaneous recovery from habituation occurs

Describe the opponent-process theory of motivation.Using an example from common human experience, demonstrate how the mechanisms of the theory account for an overt response.

Which of the following is most likely to be characterized as an appetitive behavior?

Which two closely related events constitute a reflex?

Response fatigue occurs during which of the following conditions?

Which of the following is the simplest form of elicited behavior?

Describe the two processes of the dual-process theory of habituation and sensitization and the differences between these processes.

Introduction

Classical Conditioning

Classical Conditioning

Instrumental Conditioning

Schedules of Reinforcement and Choice Behavior

Instrumental Conditioning

Stimulus Control of Behavior

Extinction of Conditioned Behavior

Averse Control

Comparative Cognition I

Comparative Cognition Ii

Filters

Exam 2: Elicited Behavior, Habituation, and Sensitization

Which of the following describes the difference between a general search and a focal search?

How can a response that has decreased through habituation to the eliciting stimulus be reinstated?

Which of the following is not a modal action pattern?

According to the dual-process theory, when rats were tested with a relatively quiet background noise, their response to a startling tone

According to Groves and Thompson (1970), which of the following is true?

Which of the following is true regarding the respiratory occlusion reflex?

A loud tone is repeatedly presented to a group of rats.Initially, there is a large startle response that decreases across trials.The response decrease across trials may be due to

Habituation in the Aplysia occurs due to

Which of the following is the incorrect statement about reflexive behaviors?

The opponent-process theory predicts that couples who have spent many years together

Of the following, which is not a reflexive behavior?

The opponent-process theory suggests that alcoholics continue drinking to

Which of the following most correctly describes a sign stimulus?

Spontaneous recovery from habituation occurs

Describe the opponent-process theory of motivation.Using an example from common human experience, demonstrate how the mechanisms of the theory account for an overt response.

Which of the following is most likely to be characterized as an appetitive behavior?

Which two closely related events constitute a reflex?

Response fatigue occurs during which of the following conditions?

Which of the following is the simplest form of elicited behavior?

Describe the two processes of the dual-process theory of habituation and sensitization and the differences between these processes.

Introduction

Classical Conditioning

Classical Conditioning

Instrumental Conditioning

Schedules of Reinforcement and Choice Behavior

Instrumental Conditioning

Stimulus Control of Behavior

Extinction of Conditioned Behavior

Averse Control

Comparative Cognition I

Comparative Cognition Ii

Filters