Exam 8: Muscular System

Layers of dense connective tissue called __________ separate and support individual muscles.

What binds to actin at its binding sites, allowing the formation of cross-bridges?

Consider a muscle that originates on the anterior forearm and inserts on the palm of the hand. What is the action of this muscle?

Acetylcholine released by a motor neuron crosses the synaptic cleft and reaches the motor end plate by diffusion.

What molecule, only present in muscle cells, is used to temporarily store oxygen for use in aerobic respiration?

In skeletal muscle cells, what molecule can be used to transfer energy to ADP in order to form ATP?

What is muscle atrophy?

A(n) __________ is a single contraction of a muscle fiber in response to a single stimulus.

In the absence of oxygen, what process is used by muscle cells to generate small amounts of ATP?

What type of muscle fiber is large in diameter and contains abundant glycogen and relatively few mitochondria?

Recruitment refers to increasing the number of motor units involved in a muscle contraction.

For the biceps brachii, triceps brachii, and the quadriceps femoris, what is referred to by the prefixes "bi-", "tri-", and "quad-"?

Endomysium separates individual muscle fibers from each other.

In skeletal muscle fibers, what is the source of the calcium ions that are released into the sarcoplasm to bind with troponin, resulting in contraction?

What is an action of the rectus femoris muscle?

During anaerobic respiration, pyruvic acidmolecules are converted into molecules of ____________.

The rhythmic, wavelike motion produced by visceral smooth muscle is called __________.

Where would an antagonist to the sternocleidomastoidmuscles be located?

Intercalated discs are found in skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle, but are not present in smooth muscle.

What type of neurons function to control effectors?