Question 1

What is one function of the 5? UTR (untranslated region) of mRNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  to decrease the half-life of mRNA 
B)  to extend the half-life of mRNA 
C)  to stabilize the mRNA structure 
D)  to control the half-life of mRNA 
A)  to decrease the half-life of mRNA 
B)  to extend the half-life of mRNA 
C)  to stabilize the mRNA structure 
D)  to control the half-life of mRNA

Question 2

Genes in operons are transcribed in such a way as to share which of the following molecules?

Accepted Answer

A)  mRNA 
B)  tRNA 
C)  protein 
D)  ribosome 
A)  mRNA 
B)  tRNA 
C)  protein 
D)  ribosome

Question 3

Which of the following is a key regulatory event for regulating transcription initiation?

Accepted Answer

A)  controlling the transition between the inactive and active states of chromatin in the region of H2B histone 
B)  controlling the transition between the inactive and active states of chromatin in the region of introns 
C)  controlling the transition between the inactive and active states of chromatin in the region of a promoter 
D)  controlling the transition between the inactive and active states of chromatin in the region of exons 
A)  controlling the transition between the inactive and active states of chromatin in the region of H2B histone 
B)  controlling the transition between the inactive and active states of chromatin in the region of introns 
C)  controlling the transition between the inactive and active states of chromatin in the region of a promoter 
D)  controlling the transition between the inactive and active states of chromatin in the region of exons

Question 4

Match each term with its definition.
-inducer

Accepted Answer

A) regulatory protein that activates the expression of an operon's genes 
B) interfering RNA molecules originally encoded by nuclear DNA 
C) process of controlling the expression of genes that takes place at the DNA level 
D) regulatory protein that prevents an operon's genes from being expressed 
E) inhibition of transcription via DNA methylation
F)interfering RNA molecules associated with some viral life cycles
G)tumour comprising cells that invade and disrupt the surrounding tissues
H)increases expression of an operon's genes
I)cluster of prokaryotic genes and their associated DNA regulatory sequences
J)tumour comprising undifferentiated cells that stay together in a single mass
K)spread of malignant cells through the blood or lymphatic system
L)removes a nucleosome from DNA to expose a promoter 
A) regulatory protein that activates the expression of an operon's genes 
B) interfering RNA molecules originally encoded by nuclear DNA 
C) process of controlling the expression of genes that takes place at the DNA level 
D) regulatory protein that prevents an operon's genes from being expressed 
E) inhibition of transcription via DNA methylation
F)interfering RNA molecules associated with some viral life cycles
G)tumour comprising cells that invade and disrupt the surrounding tissues
H)increases expression of an operon's genes
I)cluster of prokaryotic genes and their associated DNA regulatory sequences
J)tumour comprising undifferentiated cells that stay together in a single mass
K)spread of malignant cells through the blood or lymphatic system
L)removes a nucleosome from DNA to expose a promoter

Question 5

Which type of RNA is transcribed in the nucleus, folded, cleaved by Dicer protein, and is then bound to a target molecule of mRNA?

Accepted Answer

A)  an mRNA that never received its poly(
A)  tail 
B)  miRNA 
C)  an mRNA that was not properly capped 
D)  siRNA 
A)  an mRNA that never received its poly(
A)  tail 
B)  miRNA 
C)  an mRNA that was not properly capped 
D)  siRNA

Question 6

Which of the following is the function of a coactivator?

Accepted Answer

A)  It unwinds the promoter DNA, allowing transcription to begin. 
B)  It recognizes and binds to the TATA box of a protein-coding gene's promoter. 
C)  It binds to the promoter proximal elements to stimulate transcription initiation. 
D)  It forms a bridge between the activators at the enhancer and the proteins at the promoter. 
A)  It unwinds the promoter DNA, allowing transcription to begin. 
B)  It recognizes and binds to the TATA box of a protein-coding gene's promoter. 
C)  It binds to the promoter proximal elements to stimulate transcription initiation. 
D)  It forms a bridge between the activators at the enhancer and the proteins at the promoter.

Question 7

What is the name of the process that displaces the acetylated nucleosomes in the promoter region from the DNA, or moves them along the DNA away from the promoter?

Accepted Answer

A)  translation 
B)  promoter remodelling 
C)  transcriptional regulation 
D)  chromatin remodelling 
A)  translation 
B)  promoter remodelling 
C)  transcriptional regulation 
D)  chromatin remodelling

Question 8

How are the vast majority of proteins expressed early in an animal's development?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are translated from preexisting mRNAs present in the unfertilized egg. 
B)  They are translated from preexisting mRNAs delivered by the sperm that fertilized an egg. 
C)  They are transcribed and translated from the unfertilized egg's DNA post-fertilization. 
D)  They are translated from mRNAs that were transcribed from the zygote's DNA in the first three rounds of cell division. 
A)  They are translated from preexisting mRNAs present in the unfertilized egg. 
B)  They are translated from preexisting mRNAs delivered by the sperm that fertilized an egg. 
C)  They are transcribed and translated from the unfertilized egg's DNA post-fertilization. 
D)  They are translated from mRNAs that were transcribed from the zygote's DNA in the first three rounds of cell division.

Question 9

Where is the Trp repressor gene located?

Accepted Answer

A)  just upstream of the trp operon 
B)  on a region of the chromosome quite distant from the trp operon 
C)  just downstream of the trp operon 
D)  adjacent to the Lac repressor gene 
A)  just upstream of the trp operon 
B)  on a region of the chromosome quite distant from the trp operon 
C)  just downstream of the trp operon 
D)  adjacent to the Lac repressor gene

Question 10

A benign tumour is usually NOT life-threatening.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Suppose that you are asked to locate some mRNA masking proteins, and are given two rabbits-one male and one female-to use as your cell sources. Also suppose that you decide to do some needle biopsies of one particular tissue, and to extract the masking proteins. Which tissues or organ samples should you collect for analysis?

Accepted Answer

A)  skin cells 
B)  testes 
C)  liver cells 
D)  ovaries 
A)  skin cells 
B)  testes 
C)  liver cells 
D)  ovaries

Question 12

Match each term with its definition.
-miRNA

Accepted Answer

A) regulatory protein that activates the expression of an operon's genes 
B) interfering RNA molecules originally encoded by nuclear DNA 
C) process of controlling the expression of genes that takes place at the DNA level 
D) regulatory protein that prevents an operon's genes from being expressed 
E) inhibition of transcription via DNA methylation
F)interfering RNA molecules associated with some viral life cycles
G)tumour comprising cells that invade and disrupt the surrounding tissues
H)increases expression of an operon's genes
I)cluster of prokaryotic genes and their associated DNA regulatory sequences
J)tumour comprising undifferentiated cells that stay together in a single mass
K)spread of malignant cells through the blood or lymphatic system
L)removes a nucleosome from DNA to expose a promoter 
A) regulatory protein that activates the expression of an operon's genes 
B) interfering RNA molecules originally encoded by nuclear DNA 
C) process of controlling the expression of genes that takes place at the DNA level 
D) regulatory protein that prevents an operon's genes from being expressed 
E) inhibition of transcription via DNA methylation
F)interfering RNA molecules associated with some viral life cycles
G)tumour comprising cells that invade and disrupt the surrounding tissues
H)increases expression of an operon's genes
I)cluster of prokaryotic genes and their associated DNA regulatory sequences
J)tumour comprising undifferentiated cells that stay together in a single mass
K)spread of malignant cells through the blood or lymphatic system
L)removes a nucleosome from DNA to expose a promoter

Question 13

What form must an mRNA assume in order to be targeted by miRNAs for degradation?

Accepted Answer

A)  a double-stranded form 
B)  a nuclear form 
C)  a single-stranded form 
D)  a stem-loop form 
A)  a double-stranded form 
B)  a nuclear form 
C)  a single-stranded form 
D)  a stem-loop form

Question 14

Match each term with its definition.
-activator

Accepted Answer

A) regulatory protein that activates the expression of an operon's genes 
B) interfering RNA molecules originally encoded by nuclear DNA 
C) process of controlling the expression of genes that takes place at the DNA level 
D) regulatory protein that prevents an operon's genes from being expressed 
E) inhibition of transcription via DNA methylation
F)interfering RNA molecules associated with some viral life cycles
G)tumour comprising cells that invade and disrupt the surrounding tissues
H)increases expression of an operon's genes
I)cluster of prokaryotic genes and their associated DNA regulatory sequences
J)tumour comprising undifferentiated cells that stay together in a single mass
K)spread of malignant cells through the blood or lymphatic system
L)removes a nucleosome from DNA to expose a promoter 
A) regulatory protein that activates the expression of an operon's genes 
B) interfering RNA molecules originally encoded by nuclear DNA 
C) process of controlling the expression of genes that takes place at the DNA level 
D) regulatory protein that prevents an operon's genes from being expressed 
E) inhibition of transcription via DNA methylation
F)interfering RNA molecules associated with some viral life cycles
G)tumour comprising cells that invade and disrupt the surrounding tissues
H)increases expression of an operon's genes
I)cluster of prokaryotic genes and their associated DNA regulatory sequences
J)tumour comprising undifferentiated cells that stay together in a single mass
K)spread of malignant cells through the blood or lymphatic system
L)removes a nucleosome from DNA to expose a promoter

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the general strategy of metabolic gene regulation in prokaryotes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Genes are always on for early steps in the pathway, but genes for later steps are generally off. 
B)  Genes are turned on and off as conditions change. 
C)  Genes are independently regulated. 
D)  Genes are always on so the bacteria can respond rapidly to changing conditions. 
A)  Genes are always on for early steps in the pathway, but genes for later steps are generally off. 
B)  Genes are turned on and off as conditions change. 
C)  Genes are independently regulated. 
D)  Genes are always on so the bacteria can respond rapidly to changing conditions.

Question 16

What does the presence of lactose allow in the E. coli lac operon?

Accepted Answer

A)  dissociation of the Lac repressor from the promoter 
B)  dissociation of the Lac repressor from the operator 
C)  binding of the Lac repressor to the operator 
D)  binding of the Lac repressor to glucose 
A)  dissociation of the Lac repressor from the promoter 
B)  dissociation of the Lac repressor from the operator 
C)  binding of the Lac repressor to the operator 
D)  binding of the Lac repressor to glucose

Question 17

Pepsin, a digestive enzyme that degrades proteins in the stomach, is synthesized as pepsinogen and converted to active pepsin in the stomach by the removal of several amino acids. What is the activation of pepsin an example of?

Accepted Answer

A)  posttranslational regulation 
B)  transcriptional regulation 
C)  translational regulation 
D)  posttranscriptional regulation 
A)  posttranslational regulation 
B)  transcriptional regulation 
C)  translational regulation 
D)  posttranscriptional regulation

Question 18

Where does the first general transcription factor bind to?

Accepted Answer

A)  site where transcription starts 
B)  TATA box 
C)  activator 
D)  enhancer 
A)  site where transcription starts 
B)  TATA box 
C)  activator 
D)  enhancer

Question 19

To which portion of the DNA does a steroid hormone receptor bind?

Accepted Answer

A)  a response element 
B)  an enhancer 
C)  a gene promoter 
D)  an operator 
A)  a response element 
B)  an enhancer 
C)  a gene promoter 
D)  an operator

Question 20

Suppose the lacI repressor gene is permanently silenced by a mutation. What would be the impact on the function of the lac operon?

Accepted Answer

A)  There would be no real impact on lac operon expression. 
B)  The lac operon would be transcribed, but at a high level. 
C)  The lac operon would be expressed only when lactose was present. 
D)  The lac operon would be transcribed, but at a low level. 
A)  There would be no real impact on lac operon expression. 
B)  The lac operon would be transcribed, but at a high level. 
C)  The lac operon would be expressed only when lactose was present. 
D)  The lac operon would be transcribed, but at a low level.

Exam 13: Regulation of Gene Expression

What is one function of the 5? UTR (untranslated region) of mRNA?

Genes in operons are transcribed in such a way as to share which of the following molecules?

Which of the following is a key regulatory event for regulating transcription initiation?

Match each term with its definition. -inducer

Which type of RNA is transcribed in the nucleus, folded, cleaved by Dicer protein, and is then bound to a target molecule of mRNA?

Which of the following is the function of a coactivator?

What is the name of the process that displaces the acetylated nucleosomes in the promoter region from the DNA, or moves them along the DNA away from the promoter?

How are the vast majority of proteins expressed early in an animal's development?

Where is the Trp repressor gene located?

A benign tumour is usually NOT life-threatening.

Match each term with its definition. -miRNA

What form must an mRNA assume in order to be targeted by miRNAs for degradation?

Match each term with its definition. -activator

Which of the following best describes the general strategy of metabolic gene regulation in prokaryotes?

What does the presence of lactose allow in the E. coli lac operon?

Pepsin, a digestive enzyme that degrades proteins in the stomach, is synthesized as pepsinogen and converted to active pepsin in the stomach by the removal of several amino acids. What is the activation of pepsin an example of?

Where does the first general transcription factor bind to?

To which portion of the DNA does a steroid hormone receptor bind?

Suppose the lacI repressor gene is permanently silenced by a mutation. What would be the impact on the function of the lac operon?

Light and Life

The Cell: an Overview

Energy and Enzymes

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Cell Cycles

Genetic Recombination

The Chromosomal Basis of Mendelian Inheritance

Genetic Linkage, Sex-Linkage, and Other Non-Mendelian Inheritance Mechanisms

DNA Structure, Replication, and Repair

Gene Structure Expression, and Mutation

Dna Technologies

Genomes

Evolution: the Development of the Theory

Microevolution: Changes Within Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

Systematics and Phylogenetics: Revealing the Tree of Life

Humans and Evolution

Defining Life and Its Origins

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Infectious Biological Particles

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Fungi

Plants

Animals

Conservation of Biodiversity

Population Ecology

Species Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Animal Behaviour

Organization of the Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Internal Transport: the Circulatory System

Regulation of the Internal Environment: Water, Solutes, and Temperature

Control of Animal Processes: Endocrine Control

Animal Reproduction

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Muscles, Skeletons, and Body Movements

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