Question 1

Match each of the following terms with its correct definition.
-proteome

Accepted Answer

A) all proteins that can be produced by a cell 
B) all transcripts that are produced by a cell 
C) the study of all of the proteins produced from an organism's genome 
D) the study of genome sequences for several organisms 
E) the study of the whole genome of an organism
F)the use of computer programs to extract biological information from sequence data
G)the study of all transcripts produced from an organism's genome 
A) all proteins that can be produced by a cell 
B) all transcripts that are produced by a cell 
C) the study of all of the proteins produced from an organism's genome 
D) the study of genome sequences for several organisms 
E) the study of the whole genome of an organism
F)the use of computer programs to extract biological information from sequence data
G)the study of all transcripts produced from an organism's genome

Question 2

How do gene duplication and exon shuffling lead to new genes?

Accepted Answer

Gene duplication results in a second cop

Question 3

What is the difference between a gene knockout and a gene knockdown?

Accepted Answer

A gene knockout is when researchers repl

Question 4

Which of the following best summarizes what proteomics involves?

Accepted Answer

A)  determining protein structure and function 
B)  determining protein structure and interactions 
C)  determining protein structure, function, location, and interaction 
D)  determining protein sequence and interactions 
A)  determining protein structure and function 
B)  determining protein structure and interactions 
C)  determining protein structure, function, location, and interaction 
D)  determining protein sequence and interactions

Question 5

Which of the following is included in functional analysis of protein-coding genes?

Accepted Answer

A)  determining the base-by-base sequence of an entire genome 
B)  scanning of genomes for potential protein-producing sequences 
C)  scanning of genomes for potential RNA-producing sequences 
D)  determining what proteins they encode and how those proteins function in the organism's metabolic processes 
A)  determining the base-by-base sequence of an entire genome 
B)  scanning of genomes for potential protein-producing sequences 
C)  scanning of genomes for potential RNA-producing sequences 
D)  determining what proteins they encode and how those proteins function in the organism's metabolic processes

Question 6

During a microarray analysis, cDNAs made from normal cells are stained with a green fluorescent label and cDNAs from abnormal cells are stained with a red fluorescent label. Which of the following statements best summarizes the results of this experiment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Red spots indicate genes that are underexpressed in abnormal cells. 
B)  Red spots indicate genes that are not expressed in abnormal cells. 
C)  Red spots indicate genes that are overexpressed in abnormal cells. 
D)  Red spots indicate genes that are overexpressed in normal cells. 
A)  Red spots indicate genes that are underexpressed in abnormal cells. 
B)  Red spots indicate genes that are not expressed in abnormal cells. 
C)  Red spots indicate genes that are overexpressed in abnormal cells. 
D)  Red spots indicate genes that are overexpressed in normal cells.

Question 7

During a sequencing reaction, the researcher adds all the required components to the reaction, but accidentally adds only one of the four dideoxynucleotides, the ddC. What kinds of products will be observed after this reaction is complete?

Accepted Answer

A)  All fragments will end in A. 
B)  All fragments will end in C. 
C)  All fragments will end in G. 
D)  All fragments will end in T. 
A)  All fragments will end in A. 
B)  All fragments will end in C. 
C)  All fragments will end in G. 
D)  All fragments will end in T.

Question 8

Match the following techniques with the descriptions listed below.
-used to determine the entire genome sequence of an organism by sequencing DNA fragments and then assembling them using computer software

Accepted Answer

A) whole-genome shotgun sequencing 
B) Illumina/Solexa sequencing 
C) Sanger sequencing 
D) DNA microarray analysis 
E) gene knockout
F)gene knockdown 
A) whole-genome shotgun sequencing 
B) Illumina/Solexa sequencing 
C) Sanger sequencing 
D) DNA microarray analysis 
E) gene knockout
F)gene knockdown

Question 9

Which of the following shows the approximate size of the human genome?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 billion base pairs 
B)  3 billion base pairs 
C)  7 billion base pairs 
D)  10 billion base pairs 
A)  1 billion base pairs 
B)  3 billion base pairs 
C)  7 billion base pairs 
D)  10 billion base pairs

Question 10

Match each of the following terms with its correct definition.
-comparative genomics

Accepted Answer

A) all proteins that can be produced by a cell 
B) all transcripts that are produced by a cell 
C) the study of all of the proteins produced from an organism's genome 
D) the study of genome sequences for several organisms 
E) the study of the whole genome of an organism
F)the use of computer programs to extract biological information from sequence data
G)the study of all transcripts produced from an organism's genome 
A) all proteins that can be produced by a cell 
B) all transcripts that are produced by a cell 
C) the study of all of the proteins produced from an organism's genome 
D) the study of genome sequences for several organisms 
E) the study of the whole genome of an organism
F)the use of computer programs to extract biological information from sequence data
G)the study of all transcripts produced from an organism's genome

Question 11

For each of the following statements, choose the most appropriate macromolecule being studied or manipulated from the list below.
-shotgun sequencing

Accepted Answer

A) DNA 
B) mRNA/cDNA 
C) protein 
A) DNA 
B) mRNA/cDNA 
C) protein

Question 12

For each of the following statements, choose the most appropriate macromolecule being studied or manipulated from the list below.
-Sanger method

Accepted Answer

A) DNA 
B) mRNA/cDNA 
C) protein 
A) DNA 
B) mRNA/cDNA 
C) protein

Question 13

In the whole-genome shotgun method, the genome is fragmented and individual fragments are sequenced. How do we determine the order of the nucleotides in the intact chromosome?

Accepted Answer

A)  The fragmentation is done in a very systematic way such that the physical arrangement of fragments is readily apparent. 
B)  The sequences of the ends of the fragments overlap with the ends of other fragments. 
C)  We supplement our information with data from a different technique to determine the final chromosome arrangement. 
D)  DNA hybridization assays are conducted to determine the physical arrangement of the genes on the chromosome. 
A)  The fragmentation is done in a very systematic way such that the physical arrangement of fragments is readily apparent. 
B)  The sequences of the ends of the fragments overlap with the ends of other fragments. 
C)  We supplement our information with data from a different technique to determine the final chromosome arrangement. 
D)  DNA hybridization assays are conducted to determine the physical arrangement of the genes on the chromosome.

Question 14

There are three types of sequencing described in the text: Sanger (dideoxy) sequencing, whole-genome shotgun sequencing, and Illumina/Solexa sequencing. Which one(s) would be best to use for sequencing a single gene versus an entire genome and why?

Accepted Answer

Single genes can be sequenced using the

Question 15

Match each of the following terms with its correct definition.
-transcriptomics

Accepted Answer

A) all proteins that can be produced by a cell 
B) all transcripts that are produced by a cell 
C) the study of all of the proteins produced from an organism's genome 
D) the study of genome sequences for several organisms 
E) the study of the whole genome of an organism
F)the use of computer programs to extract biological information from sequence data
G)the study of all transcripts produced from an organism's genome 
A) all proteins that can be produced by a cell 
B) all transcripts that are produced by a cell 
C) the study of all of the proteins produced from an organism's genome 
D) the study of genome sequences for several organisms 
E) the study of the whole genome of an organism
F)the use of computer programs to extract biological information from sequence data
G)the study of all transcripts produced from an organism's genome

Question 16

For each of the following statements, choose the most appropriate macromolecule being studied or manipulated from the list below.
-microarray

Accepted Answer

A) DNA 
B) mRNA/cDNA 
C) protein 
A) DNA 
B) mRNA/cDNA 
C) protein

Question 17

Match each of the following terms with its correct definition.
-proteomics

Accepted Answer

A) all proteins that can be produced by a cell 
B) all transcripts that are produced by a cell 
C) the study of all of the proteins produced from an organism's genome 
D) the study of genome sequences for several organisms 
E) the study of the whole genome of an organism
F)the use of computer programs to extract biological information from sequence data
G)the study of all transcripts produced from an organism's genome 
A) all proteins that can be produced by a cell 
B) all transcripts that are produced by a cell 
C) the study of all of the proteins produced from an organism's genome 
D) the study of genome sequences for several organisms 
E) the study of the whole genome of an organism
F)the use of computer programs to extract biological information from sequence data
G)the study of all transcripts produced from an organism's genome

Question 18

For each of the following statements, choose the most appropriate macromolecule being studied or manipulated from the list below.
-sequencing

Accepted Answer

A) DNA 
B) mRNA/cDNA 
C) protein 
A) DNA 
B) mRNA/cDNA 
C) protein

Question 19

List at least three differences in how the E. coli and human genomes are arranged.

Accepted Answer

The E. coli genome consists of one circu

Question 20

Match each of the following terms with its correct definition.
-bioinformatics

Accepted Answer

A) all proteins that can be produced by a cell 
B) all transcripts that are produced by a cell 
C) the study of all of the proteins produced from an organism's genome 
D) the study of genome sequences for several organisms 
E) the study of the whole genome of an organism
F)the use of computer programs to extract biological information from sequence data
G)the study of all transcripts produced from an organism's genome 
A) all proteins that can be produced by a cell 
B) all transcripts that are produced by a cell 
C) the study of all of the proteins produced from an organism's genome 
D) the study of genome sequences for several organisms 
E) the study of the whole genome of an organism
F)the use of computer programs to extract biological information from sequence data
G)the study of all transcripts produced from an organism's genome

Exam 15: Genomes

Match each of the following terms with its correct definition. -proteome

How do gene duplication and exon shuffling lead to new genes?

What is the difference between a gene knockout and a gene knockdown?

Which of the following best summarizes what proteomics involves?

Which of the following is included in functional analysis of protein-coding genes?

During a microarray analysis, cDNAs made from normal cells are stained with a green fluorescent label and cDNAs from abnormal cells are stained with a red fluorescent label. Which of the following statements best summarizes the results of this experiment?

During a sequencing reaction, the researcher adds all the required components to the reaction, but accidentally adds only one of the four dideoxynucleotides, the ddC. What kinds of products will be observed after this reaction is complete?

Match the following techniques with the descriptions listed below. -used to determine the entire genome sequence of an organism by sequencing DNA fragments and then assembling them using computer software

Which of the following shows the approximate size of the human genome?

Match each of the following terms with its correct definition. -comparative genomics

For each of the following statements, choose the most appropriate macromolecule being studied or manipulated from the list below. -shotgun sequencing

For each of the following statements, choose the most appropriate macromolecule being studied or manipulated from the list below. -Sanger method

In the whole-genome shotgun method, the genome is fragmented and individual fragments are sequenced. How do we determine the order of the nucleotides in the intact chromosome?

There are three types of sequencing described in the text: Sanger (dideoxy) sequencing, whole-genome shotgun sequencing, and Illumina/Solexa sequencing. Which one(s) would be best to use for sequencing a single gene versus an entire genome and why?

Match each of the following terms with its correct definition. -transcriptomics

For each of the following statements, choose the most appropriate macromolecule being studied or manipulated from the list below. -microarray

Match each of the following terms with its correct definition. -proteomics

For each of the following statements, choose the most appropriate macromolecule being studied or manipulated from the list below. -sequencing

List at least three differences in how the E. coli and human genomes are arranged.

Match each of the following terms with its correct definition. -bioinformatics

Light and Life

The Cell: an Overview

Energy and Enzymes

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Cell Cycles

Genetic Recombination

The Chromosomal Basis of Mendelian Inheritance

Genetic Linkage, Sex-Linkage, and Other Non-Mendelian Inheritance Mechanisms

DNA Structure, Replication, and Repair

Gene Structure Expression, and Mutation

Regulation of Gene Expression

Dna Technologies

Evolution: the Development of the Theory

Microevolution: Changes Within Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

Systematics and Phylogenetics: Revealing the Tree of Life

Humans and Evolution

Defining Life and Its Origins

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Infectious Biological Particles

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Fungi

Plants

Animals

Conservation of Biodiversity

Population Ecology

Species Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Animal Behaviour

Organization of the Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Internal Transport: the Circulatory System

Regulation of the Internal Environment: Water, Solutes, and Temperature

Control of Animal Processes: Endocrine Control

Animal Reproduction

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Muscles, Skeletons, and Body Movements

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