Question 1

Important molecules that were present in the reducing atmosphere of primordial Earth were oxygen (O2), hydrogen (H2), and methane (CH3).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Explain the theory of endosymbiosis.

Accepted Answer

The theory of endosymbiosis speculates t

Question 3

Explain two points that support the extraterrestrial origin of life on Earth.

Accepted Answer

The first point is the fact that while l

Question 4

The evolution of multicellularity meant that cells no longer needed to be complex.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Explain the advantage of proteins acting as catalysts, and compare them with ribozymes.

Accepted Answer

Proteins are far more versatile than rib

Question 6

Explain how we can be confident that stromatolites were formed by microbial activity.

Accepted Answer

Modern-day stromatolites exist

Question 7

Where did the oxygen that has accumulated in the atmosphere come from?

Accepted Answer

A)  hydrothermal vents 
B)  as a by-product of oxygenic photosynthesis 
C)  a farther atmosphere 
D)  oceans 
A)  hydrothermal vents 
B)  as a by-product of oxygenic photosynthesis 
C)  a farther atmosphere 
D)  oceans

Question 8

Fossils form in sedimentary rocks, where there is lots of oxygen present.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

How old is Earth?

Accepted Answer

A)  about 4.6 million years old 
B)  about 1 billion years old 
C)  about 3.6 billion years old 
D)  about 4.6 billion years old 
A)  about 4.6 million years old 
B)  about 1 billion years old 
C)  about 3.6 billion years old 
D)  about 4.6 billion years old

Question 10

Endosymbiosis means that eukaryotic cells evolved from ingested prokaryotic cells.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

What is the importance of the ALH84001 meteorite finding?

Accepted Answer

A)  It carried fossilized microorganisms. 
B)  It fell from Mars. 
C)  Its composition is similar to rocks on Earth. 
D)  It was found in the Antarctic. 
A)  It carried fossilized microorganisms. 
B)  It fell from Mars. 
C)  Its composition is similar to rocks on Earth. 
D)  It was found in the Antarctic.

Question 12

Which of the following would you take into account if you wanted to define viruses?

Accepted Answer

A)  Viruses are between the biotic and abiotic worlds. 
B)  Viruses are able to live outside a host organism. 
C)  Viruses are able to synthesize their own proteins. 
D)  Viruses are able to remain unchanged. 
A)  Viruses are between the biotic and abiotic worlds. 
B)  Viruses are able to live outside a host organism. 
C)  Viruses are able to synthesize their own proteins. 
D)  Viruses are able to remain unchanged.

Question 13

What is the flow of information that the central dogma refers to?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA 
B)  DNA. 
C)  RNA. 
D)  RNA 
A)  DNA 
B)  DNA. 
C)  RNA. 
D)  RNA

Question 14

If a condenser is analogous to the Miller-Urey experiment, which of the following is analogous to primordial Earth?

Accepted Answer

A)  a primeval sea 
B)  water vapour 
C)  cold temperature 
D)  lightning 
A)  a primeval sea 
B)  water vapour 
C)  cold temperature 
D)  lightning

Question 15

If you were to prove that the RNA molecule was a component of the first cells, how would you do that?

Accepted Answer

This could be based on the fact that RNA

Question 16

What is indicated by the fact that NOT all eukaryotic cells contain both mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

A)  Endosymbiosis did not occur at all. 
B)  Endosymbiosis occurred only in the evolution of mitochondria. 
C)  Endosymbiosis did not occur in stages. 
D)  Endosymbiosis occurred in stages. 
A)  Endosymbiosis did not occur at all. 
B)  Endosymbiosis occurred only in the evolution of mitochondria. 
C)  Endosymbiosis did not occur in stages. 
D)  Endosymbiosis occurred in stages.

Question 17

Explain why DNA was favoured by selection as a much better way to store information than RNA.

Accepted Answer

DNA was favoured by selection for three

Question 18

Which of the following describes the order of emergence of various organisms on Earth?

Accepted Answer

A)  land plants, first prokaryotes, animals, first eukaryotes, humans 
B)  first prokaryotes, first eukaryotes, land plants, animals, humans 
C)  animals, first prokaryotes, first eukaryotes, land plants, humans 
D)  humans, animals, land plants, first eukaryotes, first prokaryotes 
A)  land plants, first prokaryotes, animals, first eukaryotes, humans 
B)  first prokaryotes, first eukaryotes, land plants, animals, humans 
C)  animals, first prokaryotes, first eukaryotes, land plants, humans 
D)  humans, animals, land plants, first eukaryotes, first prokaryotes

Question 19

The energy for the synthesis of organic molecules on primordial Earth came from lightning only.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

The early atmosphere, as proposed by Aleksandr Oparin and John Haldane, was an oxidizing atmosphere.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 21: Defining Life and Its Origins

Important molecules that were present in the reducing atmosphere of primordial Earth were oxygen (O2), hydrogen (H2), and methane (CH3).

Explain the theory of endosymbiosis.

Explain two points that support the extraterrestrial origin of life on Earth.

The evolution of multicellularity meant that cells no longer needed to be complex.

Explain the advantage of proteins acting as catalysts, and compare them with ribozymes.

Explain how we can be confident that stromatolites were formed by microbial activity.

Where did the oxygen that has accumulated in the atmosphere come from?

Fossils form in sedimentary rocks, where there is lots of oxygen present.

How old is Earth?

Endosymbiosis means that eukaryotic cells evolved from ingested prokaryotic cells.

What is the importance of the ALH84001 meteorite finding?

Which of the following would you take into account if you wanted to define viruses?

What is the flow of information that the central dogma refers to?

If a condenser is analogous to the Miller-Urey experiment, which of the following is analogous to primordial Earth?

If you were to prove that the RNA molecule was a component of the first cells, how would you do that?

What is indicated by the fact that NOT all eukaryotic cells contain both mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Explain why DNA was favoured by selection as a much better way to store information than RNA.

Which of the following describes the order of emergence of various organisms on Earth?

The energy for the synthesis of organic molecules on primordial Earth came from lightning only.

The early atmosphere, as proposed by Aleksandr Oparin and John Haldane, was an oxidizing atmosphere.

Light and Life

The Cell: an Overview

Energy and Enzymes

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Cell Cycles

Genetic Recombination

The Chromosomal Basis of Mendelian Inheritance

Genetic Linkage, Sex-Linkage, and Other Non-Mendelian Inheritance Mechanisms

DNA Structure, Replication, and Repair

Gene Structure Expression, and Mutation

Regulation of Gene Expression

Dna Technologies

Genomes

Evolution: the Development of the Theory

Microevolution: Changes Within Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

Systematics and Phylogenetics: Revealing the Tree of Life

Humans and Evolution

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Infectious Biological Particles

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Fungi

Plants

Animals

Conservation of Biodiversity

Population Ecology

Species Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Animal Behaviour

Organization of the Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Internal Transport: the Circulatory System

Regulation of the Internal Environment: Water, Solutes, and Temperature

Control of Animal Processes: Endocrine Control

Animal Reproduction

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Muscles, Skeletons, and Body Movements

Filters

Important molecules that were present in the reducing atmosphere of primordial Earth were oxygen (O₂), hydrogen (H₂), and methane (CH₃).