Question 1

Which pathway do Atlantic salmon take?

Accepted Answer

A)  swimming downstream in the river 
B)  swimming upstream in the river. 
C)  swimming in the sea 
D)  swimming upstream in the river 
A)  swimming downstream in the river 
B)  swimming upstream in the river. 
C)  swimming in the sea 
D)  swimming upstream in the river

Question 2

Where does the kangaroo rat get the bulk of its water from?

Accepted Answer

A)  from re-uptake of water from urine 
B)  from oxidative reactions in its cells 
C)  from absorption through its skin 
D)  from ingestion of food 
A)  from re-uptake of water from urine 
B)  from oxidative reactions in its cells 
C)  from absorption through its skin 
D)  from ingestion of food

Question 3

What is the main form of nitrogenous waste released by mammals to their environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  amino acids 
B)  urea 
C)  ammonia 
D)  nitrate 
A)  amino acids 
B)  urea 
C)  ammonia 
D)  nitrate

Question 4

At what location does the filtrate leave the blood?

Accepted Answer

A)  peritubular capillaries 
B)  afferent arteriole 
C)  efferent arteriole 
D)  glomerulus 
A)  peritubular capillaries 
B)  afferent arteriole 
C)  efferent arteriole 
D)  glomerulus

Question 5

Which term refers to an extended period of torpor that an animal enters during the summer when the environment is too hot and water is too scarce?

Accepted Answer

A)  hyperthermia 
B)  thermal acclimatization 
C)  hibernation 
D)  estivation 
A)  hyperthermia 
B)  thermal acclimatization 
C)  hibernation 
D)  estivation

Question 6

Which organisms obtain heat primarily from the external environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  endotherms 
B)  ectotherms 
C)  exotherms 
D)  isotherms 
A)  endotherms 
B)  ectotherms 
C)  exotherms 
D)  isotherms

Question 7

Which sentence describes how the metabolic rate of an endotherm compares with the metabolic rate of an ectotherm as the environment gets colder?

Accepted Answer

A)  The metabolic rate in an endotherm goes down, while the metabolic rate of an ectotherm goes up. 
B)  The metabolic rate in an endotherm goes down, as well as the metabolic rate of an ectotherm. 
C)  The metabolic rate of an endotherm goes up, as well as the metabolic rate of an ectotherm. 
D)  The metabolic rate in an endotherm goes up, while the metabolic rate of an ectotherm goes down. 
A)  The metabolic rate in an endotherm goes down, while the metabolic rate of an ectotherm goes up. 
B)  The metabolic rate in an endotherm goes down, as well as the metabolic rate of an ectotherm. 
C)  The metabolic rate of an endotherm goes up, as well as the metabolic rate of an ectotherm. 
D)  The metabolic rate in an endotherm goes up, while the metabolic rate of an ectotherm goes down.

Question 8

Suppose that a cell has a membrane that is permeable to water but NOT to Na+ or Cl- or any other solute. More NaCl exists outside the cell than inside the cell, and the osmolarity of the cell is higher than that of the solution surrounding the cell. Which of the following should occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  Overall, the cell should lose water and take up Na+ and Cl-. 
B)  Overall, the cell should take up water, Na+, and Cl-. 
C)  Overall, the cell should take up water and lose Na+ and Cl-. 
D)  Overall, the cell should take up water. 
A)  Overall, the cell should lose water and take up Na+ and Cl-. 
B)  Overall, the cell should take up water, Na+, and Cl-. 
C)  Overall, the cell should take up water and lose Na+ and Cl-. 
D)  Overall, the cell should take up water.

Question 9

Which of the following help(s) maintain the pressure driving fluid into Bowman's capsule?

Accepted Answer

A)  the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system 
B)  the antidiuretic hormone 
C)  the diameters of the afferent and the efferent arterioles 
D)  the diameters of the proximal and distal tubules 
A)  the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system 
B)  the antidiuretic hormone 
C)  the diameters of the afferent and the efferent arterioles 
D)  the diameters of the proximal and distal tubules

Question 10

What is the main way that sharks and rays deal with the osmotic stress of living in seawater?

Accepted Answer

A)  by active transport of ions out of the body by chloride cells 
B)  by maintaining high levels of urea and trimethylamine oxide in body fluids 
C)  by active transport of ions into the body through the gills 
D)  by excreting nitrogenous wastes through their kidneys as urea 
A)  by active transport of ions out of the body by chloride cells 
B)  by maintaining high levels of urea and trimethylamine oxide in body fluids 
C)  by active transport of ions into the body through the gills 
D)  by excreting nitrogenous wastes through their kidneys as urea

Question 11

Compared to uric acid, how much energy and water are required if urea is the main form of nitrogenous waste?

Accepted Answer

A)  less energy and more water 
B)  more energy and less water 
C)  the same amount of energy and water 
D)  less energy and water 
A)  less energy and more water 
B)  more energy and less water 
C)  the same amount of energy and water 
D)  less energy and water

Question 12

Many birds, such as seagulls, rarely drink fresh water. What is the main way that such birds deal with the osmotic stress of taking in large quantities of salt in their food?

Accepted Answer

A)  by excreting excess salt through the actions of specialized salt glands in their heads 
B)  by active transport of ions into the body through their feet 
C)  by excreting nitrogenous wastes through their kidneys as urea 
D)  by maintaining high levels of urea and trimethylamine oxide in body fluids 
A)  by excreting excess salt through the actions of specialized salt glands in their heads 
B)  by active transport of ions into the body through their feet 
C)  by excreting nitrogenous wastes through their kidneys as urea 
D)  by maintaining high levels of urea and trimethylamine oxide in body fluids

Question 13

Match each description to a nephron tubule portion. Nephron tubule portions can be used more than once.
-may start in the cortex and end in the medulla

Accepted Answer

A) ascending segment of the loop of Henle 
B) proximal convoluted tubule 
C) Bowman's capsule 
D) descending segment of the loop of Henle 
E) distal convoluted tubule 
A) ascending segment of the loop of Henle 
B) proximal convoluted tubule 
C) Bowman's capsule 
D) descending segment of the loop of Henle 
E) distal convoluted tubule

Question 14

What is the main form of nitrogenous waste released by aquatic invertebrates to their environment?

Accepted Answer

A)  urea 
B)  ammonia 
C)  nitrate 
D)  uric acid 
A)  urea 
B)  ammonia 
C)  nitrate 
D)  uric acid

Question 15

Where are metanephridia found?

Accepted Answer

A)  in mammals 
B)  in flatworms 
C)  in insects 
D)  in annelids 
A)  in mammals 
B)  in flatworms 
C)  in insects 
D)  in annelids

Question 16

What is the main way that marine teleost fishes deal with the osmotic stress of living in seawater?

Accepted Answer

A)  by active transport of ions out of the body by chloride cells 
B)  by excreting nitrogenous wastes through their kidneys as urea 
C)  by excreting excess salt through the actions of specialized salt glands in their heads 
D)  by active transport of ions into the body through the gills 
A)  by active transport of ions out of the body by chloride cells 
B)  by excreting nitrogenous wastes through their kidneys as urea 
C)  by excreting excess salt through the actions of specialized salt glands in their heads 
D)  by active transport of ions into the body through the gills

Question 17

Match each description to a nephron tubule portion. Nephron tubule portions can be used more than once.
-tubule segment that usually has the largest decrease in osmolarity

Accepted Answer

A) ascending segment of the loop of Henle 
B) proximal convoluted tubule 
C) Bowman's capsule 
D) descending segment of the loop of Henle 
E) distal convoluted tubule 
A) ascending segment of the loop of Henle 
B) proximal convoluted tubule 
C) Bowman's capsule 
D) descending segment of the loop of Henle 
E) distal convoluted tubule

Question 18

Which organisms obtain heat primarily from internal physiological sources?

Accepted Answer

A)  allotherms 
B)  ectotherms 
C)  exotherms 
D)  endotherms 
A)  allotherms 
B)  ectotherms 
C)  exotherms 
D)  endotherms

Question 19

Into which area does the descending segment of the loop of Henle extend?

Accepted Answer

A)  into the renal pelvis 
B)  into the renal medulla 
C)  into the Bowman's capsule 
D)  into the collecting ducts 
A)  into the renal pelvis 
B)  into the renal medulla 
C)  into the Bowman's capsule 
D)  into the collecting ducts

Question 20

Match each description to a nephron tubule portion. Nephron tubule portions can be used more than once.
-empties into a collecting duct

Accepted Answer

A) ascending segment of the loop of Henle 
B) proximal convoluted tubule 
C) Bowman's capsule 
D) descending segment of the loop of Henle 
E) distal convoluted tubule 
A) ascending segment of the loop of Henle 
B) proximal convoluted tubule 
C) Bowman's capsule 
D) descending segment of the loop of Henle 
E) distal convoluted tubule

Exam 42: Regulation of the Internal Environment: Water, Solutes, and Temperature

Which pathway do Atlantic salmon take?

Where does the kangaroo rat get the bulk of its water from?

What is the main form of nitrogenous waste released by mammals to their environment?

At what location does the filtrate leave the blood?

Which term refers to an extended period of torpor that an animal enters during the summer when the environment is too hot and water is too scarce?

Which organisms obtain heat primarily from the external environment?

Which sentence describes how the metabolic rate of an endotherm compares with the metabolic rate of an ectotherm as the environment gets colder?

Suppose that a cell has a membrane that is permeable to water but NOT to Na+ or Cl- or any other solute. More NaCl exists outside the cell than inside the cell, and the osmolarity of the cell is higher than that of the solution surrounding the cell. Which of the following should occur?

Which of the following help(s) maintain the pressure driving fluid into Bowman's capsule?

What is the main way that sharks and rays deal with the osmotic stress of living in seawater?

Compared to uric acid, how much energy and water are required if urea is the main form of nitrogenous waste?

Many birds, such as seagulls, rarely drink fresh water. What is the main way that such birds deal with the osmotic stress of taking in large quantities of salt in their food?

Match each description to a nephron tubule portion. Nephron tubule portions can be used more than once. -may start in the cortex and end in the medulla

What is the main form of nitrogenous waste released by aquatic invertebrates to their environment?

Where are metanephridia found?

What is the main way that marine teleost fishes deal with the osmotic stress of living in seawater?

Match each description to a nephron tubule portion. Nephron tubule portions can be used more than once. -tubule segment that usually has the largest decrease in osmolarity

Which organisms obtain heat primarily from internal physiological sources?

Into which area does the descending segment of the loop of Henle extend?

Match each description to a nephron tubule portion. Nephron tubule portions can be used more than once. -empties into a collecting duct

Light and Life

The Cell: an Overview

Energy and Enzymes

Cell Membranes and Signaling

Cellular Respiration

Photosynthesis

Cell Cycles

Genetic Recombination

The Chromosomal Basis of Mendelian Inheritance

Genetic Linkage, Sex-Linkage, and Other Non-Mendelian Inheritance Mechanisms

DNA Structure, Replication, and Repair

Gene Structure Expression, and Mutation

Regulation of Gene Expression

Dna Technologies

Genomes

Evolution: the Development of the Theory

Microevolution: Changes Within Populations

Speciation and Macroevolution

Systematics and Phylogenetics: Revealing the Tree of Life

Humans and Evolution

Defining Life and Its Origins

Viruses, Viroids, and Prions: Infectious Biological Particles

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Fungi

Plants

Animals

Conservation of Biodiversity

Population Ecology

Species Interactions and Community Ecology

Ecosystems

Animal Behaviour

Organization of the Plant Body

Transport in Plants

Reproduction and Development in Flowering Plants

Plant Nutrition

Plant Signals and Responses to the Environment

Introduction to Animal Organization and Physiology

Animal Nutrition

Gas Exchange: the Respiratory System

Internal Transport: the Circulatory System

Control of Animal Processes: Endocrine Control

Animal Reproduction

Control of Animal Processes: Neural Control

Muscles, Skeletons, and Body Movements

Filters

Suppose that a cell has a membrane that is permeable to water but NOT to Na⁺ or Cl^- or any other solute. More NaCl exists outside the cell than inside the cell, and the osmolarity of the cell is higher than that of the solution surrounding the cell. Which of the following should occur?