Exam 6: Fingerprints

When using AFIS, the computer makes the final verification of the print's identity.

The primary classification is the first step in classifying fingerprints under the FBI system.

The fingerprint pattern accounting for only 5% of all known patterns is the:

A loop must have at least one ________.

Match the word in Column 1 to its definition in Column 2. Each answer can only be used once. A)A class of fingerprints characterized by ridge lines that enter the print from one side and flow out the other side B)An inkless device that captures digital images of fingerprints and palm prints and electronically transmits them to an AFIS C)A square electronic dot that is used to compose a digital image D)A fingerprint impressed in a soft surface E)A class of fingerprints characterized by ridge lines that enter from one side of the pattern and curve around to exit from the same side of the pattern F)A system of identification of individuals by measurement of parts of the body, developed by Alphonse Bertillon G)A process through which a picture is converted into pixels H)A technique for visualizing latent fingerprints by exposing them to iodine vapors I)Ridge endings, bifurcations, enclosures, and other ridge details which must match in two fingerprints to establish their common origin J)A chemical reagent used to develop latent fingerprints on porous materials by reacting with amino acids in perspiration K)A class of fingerprints that includes ridge patterns that are generally rounded or circular and have two deltas L)A physical change from the solid directly into the gaseous state M)A fingerprint made by the deposit of oils and/or perspiration; it is invisible to the naked eye N)A silver nitrate-based reagent formulated to develop latent fingerprints on porous surfaces O)To emit visible light when exposed to light of a shorter wavelength P)A technique for visualizing latent fingerprints on nonporous surfaces by exposing them to cyanoacrylate vapors Q)A fingerprint made when the finger deposits a visible material such as ink, dirt, or blood onto a surface R)A verbal description of a perpetrator's physical characteristics and dress provided by an eyewitness -Superglue fuming

________ fingerprints are formed when a finger touches a surface and transfers perspiration, along with oils, onto the surface.

Which of the following is NOT a ridge characteristic of a fingerprint?

The pores of the sweat glands are located in the:

After successfully visualizing a latent print on an object, an investigator should next:

Match the word in Column 1 to its definition in Column 2. Each answer can only be used once. A)A class of fingerprints characterized by ridge lines that enter the print from one side and flow out the other side B)An inkless device that captures digital images of fingerprints and palm prints and electronically transmits them to an AFIS C)A square electronic dot that is used to compose a digital image D)A fingerprint impressed in a soft surface E)A class of fingerprints characterized by ridge lines that enter from one side of the pattern and curve around to exit from the same side of the pattern F)A system of identification of individuals by measurement of parts of the body, developed by Alphonse Bertillon G)A process through which a picture is converted into pixels H)A technique for visualizing latent fingerprints by exposing them to iodine vapors I)Ridge endings, bifurcations, enclosures, and other ridge details which must match in two fingerprints to establish their common origin J)A chemical reagent used to develop latent fingerprints on porous materials by reacting with amino acids in perspiration K)A class of fingerprints that includes ridge patterns that are generally rounded or circular and have two deltas L)A physical change from the solid directly into the gaseous state M)A fingerprint made by the deposit of oils and/or perspiration; it is invisible to the naked eye N)A silver nitrate-based reagent formulated to develop latent fingerprints on porous surfaces O)To emit visible light when exposed to light of a shorter wavelength P)A technique for visualizing latent fingerprints on nonporous surfaces by exposing them to cyanoacrylate vapors Q)A fingerprint made when the finger deposits a visible material such as ink, dirt, or blood onto a surface R)A verbal description of a perpetrator's physical characteristics and dress provided by an eyewitness -Anthropometry

A loop must have at least one delta.

Match the word in Column 1 to its definition in Column 2. Each answer can only be used once. A)A class of fingerprints characterized by ridge lines that enter the print from one side and flow out the other side B)An inkless device that captures digital images of fingerprints and palm prints and electronically transmits them to an AFIS C)A square electronic dot that is used to compose a digital image D)A fingerprint impressed in a soft surface E)A class of fingerprints characterized by ridge lines that enter from one side of the pattern and curve around to exit from the same side of the pattern F)A system of identification of individuals by measurement of parts of the body, developed by Alphonse Bertillon G)A process through which a picture is converted into pixels H)A technique for visualizing latent fingerprints by exposing them to iodine vapors I)Ridge endings, bifurcations, enclosures, and other ridge details which must match in two fingerprints to establish their common origin J)A chemical reagent used to develop latent fingerprints on porous materials by reacting with amino acids in perspiration K)A class of fingerprints that includes ridge patterns that are generally rounded or circular and have two deltas L)A physical change from the solid directly into the gaseous state M)A fingerprint made by the deposit of oils and/or perspiration; it is invisible to the naked eye N)A silver nitrate-based reagent formulated to develop latent fingerprints on porous surfaces O)To emit visible light when exposed to light of a shorter wavelength P)A technique for visualizing latent fingerprints on nonporous surfaces by exposing them to cyanoacrylate vapors Q)A fingerprint made when the finger deposits a visible material such as ink, dirt, or blood onto a surface R)A verbal description of a perpetrator's physical characteristics and dress provided by an eyewitness -Arch

The most commonly encountered ridge characteristics (used by AFIS)are the:

Match the word in Column 1 to its definition in Column 2. Each answer can only be used once. A)A class of fingerprints characterized by ridge lines that enter the print from one side and flow out the other side B)An inkless device that captures digital images of fingerprints and palm prints and electronically transmits them to an AFIS C)A square electronic dot that is used to compose a digital image D)A fingerprint impressed in a soft surface E)A class of fingerprints characterized by ridge lines that enter from one side of the pattern and curve around to exit from the same side of the pattern F)A system of identification of individuals by measurement of parts of the body, developed by Alphonse Bertillon G)A process through which a picture is converted into pixels H)A technique for visualizing latent fingerprints by exposing them to iodine vapors I)Ridge endings, bifurcations, enclosures, and other ridge details which must match in two fingerprints to establish their common origin J)A chemical reagent used to develop latent fingerprints on porous materials by reacting with amino acids in perspiration K)A class of fingerprints that includes ridge patterns that are generally rounded or circular and have two deltas L)A physical change from the solid directly into the gaseous state M)A fingerprint made by the deposit of oils and/or perspiration; it is invisible to the naked eye N)A silver nitrate-based reagent formulated to develop latent fingerprints on porous surfaces O)To emit visible light when exposed to light of a shorter wavelength P)A technique for visualizing latent fingerprints on nonporous surfaces by exposing them to cyanoacrylate vapors Q)A fingerprint made when the finger deposits a visible material such as ink, dirt, or blood onto a surface R)A verbal description of a perpetrator's physical characteristics and dress provided by an eyewitness -Portrait parlé

Fingerprints are formed:

What is the minimum number of ridge characteristics necessary before two fingerprints can be identified as the same?

Match the word in Column 1 to its definition in Column 2. Each answer can only be used once. A)A class of fingerprints characterized by ridge lines that enter the print from one side and flow out the other side B)An inkless device that captures digital images of fingerprints and palm prints and electronically transmits them to an AFIS C)A square electronic dot that is used to compose a digital image D)A fingerprint impressed in a soft surface E)A class of fingerprints characterized by ridge lines that enter from one side of the pattern and curve around to exit from the same side of the pattern F)A system of identification of individuals by measurement of parts of the body, developed by Alphonse Bertillon G)A process through which a picture is converted into pixels H)A technique for visualizing latent fingerprints by exposing them to iodine vapors I)Ridge endings, bifurcations, enclosures, and other ridge details which must match in two fingerprints to establish their common origin J)A chemical reagent used to develop latent fingerprints on porous materials by reacting with amino acids in perspiration K)A class of fingerprints that includes ridge patterns that are generally rounded or circular and have two deltas L)A physical change from the solid directly into the gaseous state M)A fingerprint made by the deposit of oils and/or perspiration; it is invisible to the naked eye N)A silver nitrate-based reagent formulated to develop latent fingerprints on porous surfaces O)To emit visible light when exposed to light of a shorter wavelength P)A technique for visualizing latent fingerprints on nonporous surfaces by exposing them to cyanoacrylate vapors Q)A fingerprint made when the finger deposits a visible material such as ink, dirt, or blood onto a surface R)A verbal description of a perpetrator's physical characteristics and dress provided by an eyewitness -Visible print

The image produced from a digital file is composed of numerous square electronic dots called:

What is digital imaging? How is it useful for analyzing fingerprints?

Sir Francis Galton, in writing his textbook on fingerprints, built on the groundbreaking work in this area done by: