Question 1

How is best research evidence produced?

Accepted Answer

A) By the conduct and synthesis of numerous, high-quality studies in a health-related area 
B) By the imaginations of creative healthcare workers, who design qualitative research that illuminates our understanding 
C) By dissemination of important results at conferences 
D) By publications that detail the newest advances in health care 
A) By the conduct and synthesis of numerous, high-quality studies in a health-related area 
B) By the imaginations of creative healthcare workers, who design qualitative research that illuminates our understanding 
C) By dissemination of important results at conferences 
D) By publications that detail the newest advances in health care A

Question 2

A researcher locates 12 research studies that all examine the effect of a different cognitive-behavioral strategy for decreasing pain-hypnosis, distraction, focusing, music therapy, and so forth. Why would these 12 studies make a poor meta-analysis?

Accepted Answer

A) Cognitive-behavioral interventions are not a suitable focus for all patients and, consequently, should not be studied. 
B) Twelve studies would be too many for synthesis of any kind. 
C) Secondary analyses of pooled data are not used for meta-analysis on pain, because of interindividual differences in perception. 
D) The result, if statistically significant, will produce a general recommendation, "If in pain, do something cognitive-behavioral," which is meaningless. 
A) Cognitive-behavioral interventions are not a suitable focus for all patients and, consequently, should not be studied. 
B) Twelve studies would be too many for synthesis of any kind. 
C) Secondary analyses of pooled data are not used for meta-analysis on pain, because of interindividual differences in perception. 
D) The result, if statistically significant, will produce a general recommendation, "If in pain, do something cognitive-behavioral," which is meaningless. D

Question 3

The Magnet Recognition Program represents a credentialing process, whereby organizations of quality are recognized. What does the Magnet Recognition Program require, relative to research and evidence-based practice (EBP)?

Accepted Answer

A) Nurses will participate in the institutional review process. 
B) Nursing research will be a budget line item. 
C) Only nurse researchers will conduct clinical research. 
D) The institution will keep track of nursing research projects in progress and recently completed. 
E) Care applied to patients will be, in a large part, supported by research. 
A) Nurses will participate in the institutional review process. 
B) Nursing research will be a budget line item. 
C) Only nurse researchers will conduct clinical research. 
D) The institution will keep track of nursing research projects in progress and recently completed. 
E) Care applied to patients will be, in a large part, supported by research. A, B, D

Question 4

What are the basic problems with meta-syntheses of qualitative research?

Accepted Answer

A) Qualitative research itself is a subjective interpretation; a meta-synthesis of qualitative research is a compiling of information generated subjectively. 
B) If individual studies have different methods, it may be difficult to find common ground and to devise a meaningful interpretation of the results. 
C) Qualitative research has no implications for practice, so performing a meta-synthesis is unjustifiable. 
D) In qualitative research, multiple valid interpretations may occur if different researchers examine the text. 
E) The recommendation for practice that results from meta-synthesis of qualitative research lacks statistics.
F)The raw data are not available to the qualitative meta-synthesizer. 
A) Qualitative research itself is a subjective interpretation; a meta-synthesis of qualitative research is a compiling of information generated subjectively. 
B) If individual studies have different methods, it may be difficult to find common ground and to devise a meaningful interpretation of the results. 
C) Qualitative research has no implications for practice, so performing a meta-synthesis is unjustifiable. 
D) In qualitative research, multiple valid interpretations may occur if different researchers examine the text. 
E) The recommendation for practice that results from meta-synthesis of qualitative research lacks statistics.
F)The raw data are not available to the qualitative meta-synthesizer.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the Stetler model of research utilization are true?

Accepted Answer

A) Its goal is to assure that research is utilized. 
B) It is a framework. 
C) It facilitates synthesis of research knowledge. 
D) It is used to update hospital policies. 
E) In its validation phase, scientific soundness is assessed.
F)It provides a step-by-step way to assess and evaluate research findings. 
A) Its goal is to assure that research is utilized. 
B) It is a framework. 
C) It facilitates synthesis of research knowledge. 
D) It is used to update hospital policies. 
E) In its validation phase, scientific soundness is assessed.
F)It provides a step-by-step way to assess and evaluate research findings.

Question 6

In the Iowa model, what is the focus of intervention?

Accepted Answer

A) The patient level 
B) The family level 
C) The institutional level 
D) The conceptual level 
A) The patient level 
B) The family level 
C) The institutional level 
D) The conceptual level

Question 7

A systematic review should address the components specified in PICOS. Why is this so?

Accepted Answer

A) Interventional research always uses some means of comparison. 
B) "Interventions" that are actually naturally occurring conditions should be noted, since they decrease confirmatory power of the collective evidence. 
C) Study design is essential, since recommendations for change in practice can be based only on some designs. 
D) Desired outcomes, not actual outcomes of the study, are the focus of the review. 
E) The specific population from which a sample was drawn, and its similarity to those of others studies reviewed, affects generalizability. 
A) Interventional research always uses some means of comparison. 
B) "Interventions" that are actually naturally occurring conditions should be noted, since they decrease confirmatory power of the collective evidence. 
C) Study design is essential, since recommendations for change in practice can be based only on some designs. 
D) Desired outcomes, not actual outcomes of the study, are the focus of the review. 
E) The specific population from which a sample was drawn, and its similarity to those of others studies reviewed, affects generalizability.

Question 8

The Grove Model for Implementing Evidence-Based Guidelines in Practice includes which of the following steps?

Accepted Answer

A) Identifying a practice problem 
B) Searching for the best research evidence to manage the problem 
C) Asking a research question 
D) Identifying an evidence-based guidelines 
E) Designing an original research study to answer the research question 
A) Identifying a practice problem 
B) Searching for the best research evidence to manage the problem 
C) Asking a research question 
D) Identifying an evidence-based guidelines 
E) Designing an original research study to answer the research question

Question 9

How are evidence-based practice and best research evidence related?

Accepted Answer

A) With best research evidence publications, there is no evidence-based practice. 
B) Both evidence-based practice and best research evidence are generated by research. 
C) Best research evidence is the evidence on which practice is based. 
D) Best research evidence includes five basic items, one of which is evidence-based practice. 
A) With best research evidence publications, there is no evidence-based practice. 
B) Both evidence-based practice and best research evidence are generated by research. 
C) Best research evidence is the evidence on which practice is based. 
D) Best research evidence includes five basic items, one of which is evidence-based practice.

Question 10

Choose the most accurate statement about translational research.

Accepted Answer

A) Translational research focuses on providing literal and readable translations of research in one of the primary 15 languages in which research is read. 
B) Translational research is essentially evidence-based practice. 
C) Translational research attempts to discover something useful in basic scientific discoveries. 
D) Translational research is applied research based on basic research knowledge. 
A) Translational research focuses on providing literal and readable translations of research in one of the primary 15 languages in which research is read. 
B) Translational research is essentially evidence-based practice. 
C) Translational research attempts to discover something useful in basic scientific discoveries. 
D) Translational research is applied research based on basic research knowledge.

Question 11

If a "trigger" is defined as a condition of actual or potential harm to the patient, the nurses, or the institution, the Iowa model becomes a reactive problem-prioritization and problem-solving process. What is its tie-in with evidence-based practice?

Accepted Answer

A) The Iowa model addresses utilization of research findings at an individual level. 
B) Individual nurses enact an Iowa decision tree when they examine risk-management data. 
C) Available published evidence drives the process, as scholars review the literature and bring it forward for committee focus. 
D) When evidence is available, it is used for problem-solving. 
A) The Iowa model addresses utilization of research findings at an individual level. 
B) Individual nurses enact an Iowa decision tree when they examine risk-management data. 
C) Available published evidence drives the process, as scholars review the literature and bring it forward for committee focus. 
D) When evidence is available, it is used for problem-solving.

Question 12

Evidence-based practice is based on three things. On what would a nurse base practice in a new area of nursing, if there is yet no research evidence?

Accepted Answer

A) Nursing theory 
B) The nurse's own clinical expertise 
C) Client values and needs 
D) Evidence in parallel, related fields 
E) Past documentation in the medical record 
A) Nursing theory 
B) The nurse's own clinical expertise 
C) Client values and needs 
D) Evidence in parallel, related fields 
E) Past documentation in the medical record

Question 13

Nursing is said to be a science and an art. If best research evidence represents the science of nursing, what represents the art?

Accepted Answer

A) Clinical expertise 
B) Patient values and needs 
C) Synthesis of best research evidence 
D) Eye-hand coordination 
A) Clinical expertise 
B) Patient values and needs 
C) Synthesis of best research evidence 
D) Eye-hand coordination

Exam 19: Evidence Synthesis and Strategies for Implementing Evidence-Based Practice

How is best research evidence produced?

A researcher locates 12 research studies that all examine the effect of a different cognitive-behavioral strategy for decreasing pain-hypnosis, distraction, focusing, music therapy, and so forth. Why would these 12 studies make a poor meta-analysis?

The Magnet Recognition Program represents a credentialing process, whereby organizations of quality are recognized. What does the Magnet Recognition Program require, relative to research and evidence-based practice (EBP)?

What are the basic problems with meta-syntheses of qualitative research?

Which of the following statements about the Stetler model of research utilization are true?

In the Iowa model, what is the focus of intervention?

A systematic review should address the components specified in PICOS. Why is this so?

The Grove Model for Implementing Evidence-Based Guidelines in Practice includes which of the following steps?

How are evidence-based practice and best research evidence related?

Choose the most accurate statement about translational research.

If a "trigger" is defined as a condition of actual or potential harm to the patient, the nurses, or the institution, the Iowa model becomes a reactive problem-prioritization and problem-solving process. What is its tie-in with evidence-based practice?

Evidence-based practice is based on three things. On what would a nurse base practice in a new area of nursing, if there is yet no research evidence?

Nursing is said to be a science and an art. If best research evidence represents the science of nursing, what represents the art?

Discovering the World of Nursing Research

Evolution of Research in Building Evidence-Based Nursing Practice

Introduction to Quantitative Research

Introduction to Qualitative Research

Research Problem and Purpose

Objectives, Questions, Hypotheses, and Study Variables

Review of Relevant Literature

Frameworks

Ethics in Research

Quantitative Methodology: Noninterventional Designs and Methods

Quantitative Methodology: Interventional Designs and Methods

Qualitative Research Methods

Outcomes Research

Mixed Methods Research

Sampling

Quantitative Measurement Concepts

Measurement Methods Used in Developing Evidence-Based Practice

Critical Appraisal of Nursing Studies

Collecting and Managing Data

Introduction to Statistical Analysis

Using Statistics to Describe Variables

Using Statistics to Examine Relationships

Using Statistics to Predict

Using Statistics to Determine Differences

Interpreting Research Outcomes

Disseminating Research Findings

Writing Research Proposals

Seeking Funding for Research

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