Question 1

In terms of the literature review, how are quantitative research and ethnographic research similar?

Accepted Answer

A) Both require the researcher to review the literature before beginning the study. 
B) Both require the researcher to review the literature after completion of data analysis. 
C) Both require the researcher to utilize the literature as the primary data source. 
D) Both consider the literature review extraneous, postponing it until after the study is published. 
A) Both require the researcher to review the literature before beginning the study. 
B) Both require the researcher to review the literature after completion of data analysis. 
C) Both require the researcher to utilize the literature as the primary data source. 
D) Both consider the literature review extraneous, postponing it until after the study is published. A

Question 2

What type of literature describes concept analyses, models, and frameworks?

Accepted Answer

A) Empirical 
B) Applicable 
C) Able to be replicated 
D) Theoretical 
A) Empirical 
B) Applicable 
C) Able to be replicated 
D) Theoretical D

Question 3

The review of literature in quantitative research directs everything from the first ideas about the study variables through recommendations based upon the study's conclusions. What are outputs of the literature review in quantitative research?

Accepted Answer

A) Development of conceptual definitions of concepts 
B) Determining the statistical power of the sample 
C) Determination of how many subjects will drop out of the study 
D) Description of what studies have been performed, so as to provide initial direction for the study method 
E) Interpretation of the study findings, in comparison with previous research 
A) Development of conceptual definitions of concepts 
B) Determining the statistical power of the sample 
C) Determination of how many subjects will drop out of the study 
D) Description of what studies have been performed, so as to provide initial direction for the study method 
E) Interpretation of the study findings, in comparison with previous research A, D, E

Question 4

Why would the Boolean article OR be used if a researcher is conducting a digital literature search of journals on the topic of prolonged adolescent grieving after parental loss?

Accepted Answer

A) It focuses the search on parental loss, the last search term. 
B) It is useful when a researcher is undecided. 
C) It narrows the search to articles containing all terms. 
D) It allows the researcher to enter synonymous terms such as parental loss and parental death, instructing the computer to find articles containing either term. 
A) It focuses the search on parental loss, the last search term. 
B) It is useful when a researcher is undecided. 
C) It narrows the search to articles containing all terms. 
D) It allows the researcher to enter synonymous terms such as parental loss and parental death, instructing the computer to find articles containing either term.

Question 5

Why would a reputable researcher use a secondary source instead of a primary one?

Accepted Answer

A) The primary publication is written in a language not currently spoken. 
B) The primary source is located in a museum 1100 miles away, and the cost of travel to review it would be prohibitive. 
C) The primary publication is so steeped in jargon that it is very difficult to decipher. 
D) The researcher has limited time and cannot squander it searching for primary sources. 
E) The primary publication describes only the beginnings of a theory, and a later publication presents it in its entirety.
F)There have never been any primary sources in this area.
G)The primary publication is no longer in print, and there are no existent copies. 
A) The primary publication is written in a language not currently spoken. 
B) The primary source is located in a museum 1100 miles away, and the cost of travel to review it would be prohibitive. 
C) The primary publication is so steeped in jargon that it is very difficult to decipher. 
D) The researcher has limited time and cannot squander it searching for primary sources. 
E) The primary publication describes only the beginnings of a theory, and a later publication presents it in its entirety.
F)There have never been any primary sources in this area.
G)The primary publication is no longer in print, and there are no existent copies.

Question 6

What might a researcher include in a preliminary review of the literature concerning acupuncture and conscious sedation for major surgical procedures?

Accepted Answer

A) A research article from the Journal of Acupuncture comparing the use of acupuncture with general anesthesia 
B) Bryson's Human Physiology textbook 
C) A research synthesis on alternatives to general anesthesia compiled by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality 
D) An article in the National Enquirer on the dangers of major surgery 
E) A master's thesis on the use of acupuncture during closed reduction of radial-ulnar fractures
F)A Wikipedia article on how acupuncture works
G)A monograph written by a physician in a third world country who used acupuncture to control pain during surgical procedures 
A) A research article from the Journal of Acupuncture comparing the use of acupuncture with general anesthesia 
B) Bryson's Human Physiology textbook 
C) A research synthesis on alternatives to general anesthesia compiled by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality 
D) An article in the National Enquirer on the dangers of major surgery 
E) A master's thesis on the use of acupuncture during closed reduction of radial-ulnar fractures
F)A Wikipedia article on how acupuncture works
G)A monograph written by a physician in a third world country who used acupuncture to control pain during surgical procedures

Question 7

Which study would be considered landmark research?

Accepted Answer

A) The discovery that during pancreatitis, the pancreas is actually digested by its own enzymes 
B) A description of the importance of injecting immunizations in the proper location of the deltoid 
C) The third in a series of four papers describing patterns of emergency room use in vacation communities 
D) The first paper describing the effect of using insulin for type I diabetes in humans 
A) The discovery that during pancreatitis, the pancreas is actually digested by its own enzymes 
B) A description of the importance of injecting immunizations in the proper location of the deltoid 
C) The third in a series of four papers describing patterns of emergency room use in vacation communities 
D) The first paper describing the effect of using insulin for type I diabetes in humans

Question 8

A publication is printed every 2 months. Its volume number coincides with its year of publication (2008 = 1; 2009 = 2; 2010 = 3; etc.). Its issue number coincides with the order of publication, within a given year (Jan to Feb = 1; Mar to Apr = 2; etc.). What kind of a publication is this?

Accepted Answer

A) A monograph 
B) A periodical 
C) An eBook 
D) A serial 
A) A monograph 
B) A periodical 
C) An eBook 
D) A serial

Question 9

It is appropriate to conduct a review of the literature in which circumstances?

Accepted Answer

A) An ethnographic study is planned. 
B) A nurse is interested in conducting research on patients who "sundown." 
C) One requirement for a graduate course paper is a written literature review. 
D) A hospital is attempting to develop a policy on bathing frequency for elders. 
E) The hospital attorney is preparing a brief, relative to a fall suffered by a patient. 
A) An ethnographic study is planned. 
B) A nurse is interested in conducting research on patients who "sundown." 
C) One requirement for a graduate course paper is a written literature review. 
D) A hospital is attempting to develop a policy on bathing frequency for elders. 
E) The hospital attorney is preparing a brief, relative to a fall suffered by a patient.

Question 10

The original quotation in the fictional text by Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe (2009) is as follows: "Because of overemphasis on academic excellence, especially test grades, the high schools studied had a disproportionate number of students who reported sleeplessness, nervousness, nightmares, and guilt. These were attributed to various factors, the most significant of which was a very strict principal, who voiced open disapproval of students she felt were underachieving their enormous academic potential. Parents were very accepting of this behavior, echoing it in their interactions with the students." What is the acceptable way to properly attribute this content in a literature review?

Accepted Answer

A) Parents were very accepting of the principal's behavior, which included voiced disapproval of underachieving students, echoing it in their interactions with their sons and daughters. 
B) Because of overemphasis on academic excellence, especially test grades, the high schools studied had a disproportionate number of students who reported sleeplessness, nervousness, nightmares, and guilt. These were attributed to various factors, the most significant of which was a very strict principal, who voiced open disapproval of students she felt were underachieving their enormous academic potential. Parents were very accepting of this behavior, echoing it in their interactions with the students (Atchison, Topeka, & Santa Fe, 2009). 
C) As compared with other high schools, Atchison et al. (2009) reported a higher incidence of distress manifestations, such as nightmares and nervousness, in a strictly college-prep school with an extremely disapproving principal, who verbally berated students for less-than-expected academic performance. 
D) High schools with disapproving authority figures have a higher incidence of somatization (see Atchison et al., 2009). 
A) Parents were very accepting of the principal's behavior, which included voiced disapproval of underachieving students, echoing it in their interactions with their sons and daughters. 
B) Because of overemphasis on academic excellence, especially test grades, the high schools studied had a disproportionate number of students who reported sleeplessness, nervousness, nightmares, and guilt. These were attributed to various factors, the most significant of which was a very strict principal, who voiced open disapproval of students she felt were underachieving their enormous academic potential. Parents were very accepting of this behavior, echoing it in their interactions with the students (Atchison, Topeka, & Santa Fe, 2009). 
C) As compared with other high schools, Atchison et al. (2009) reported a higher incidence of distress manifestations, such as nightmares and nervousness, in a strictly college-prep school with an extremely disapproving principal, who verbally berated students for less-than-expected academic performance. 
D) High schools with disapproving authority figures have a higher incidence of somatization (see Atchison et al., 2009).

Question 11

The first draft of a student's thesis contains the following:
Evidence to the contrary was provided in several studies of efficacy but never examined in a context of "the adolescent at sea with the ghost of his losses" (Reynolds, 2011).
The student's reference list contains the following citation for this work:
Reynold, A. R. (2010). Never underestimate depression. Journal of Applied Psychology.
What is wrong with it?

Accepted Answer

A) The reference list should restate the quotation. 
B) The reference is incomplete, lacking volume number and page numbers. 
C) The years of the citation differ. 
D) The author's name is spelled differently in the citation and in the reference list. 
E) No page number is provided for the direct quotation. 
A) The reference list should restate the quotation. 
B) The reference is incomplete, lacking volume number and page numbers. 
C) The years of the citation differ. 
D) The author's name is spelled differently in the citation and in the reference list. 
E) No page number is provided for the direct quotation.

Question 12

Which primary source might be available to someone writing a biography of Queen Elizabeth I, who died in the 17th century?

Accepted Answer

A) An interview with one of her maids-in-waiting 
B) A previous history written about her 
C) An article about her in a 17th-century publication 
D) A diary written by her 
A) An interview with one of her maids-in-waiting 
B) A previous history written about her 
C) An article about her in a 17th-century publication 
D) A diary written by her

Question 13

In phenomenology, often the review of the literature is conducted after data analysis is complete. What is the reason for this?

Accepted Answer

A) The data analysis phase of phenomenology includes a literature review. 
B) Phenomenology is data-free, and analyses are based only on the interpretation of the researcher. 
C) Some phenomenologists do believe that one can "bracket" what is known, in order to perform an unbiased analysis, but it seems pointless to absorb information just to then put it aside, so literature review is usually postponed. 
D) Some phenomenologists don't believe that one can "bracket" what is known, in order to perform an unbiased analysis of the data, so they try to minimize what they read about the topic of the study until data analysis is complete. 
E) The review of the literature provides an objective cross-check for the researcher's interpretation. 
A) The data analysis phase of phenomenology includes a literature review. 
B) Phenomenology is data-free, and analyses are based only on the interpretation of the researcher. 
C) Some phenomenologists do believe that one can "bracket" what is known, in order to perform an unbiased analysis, but it seems pointless to absorb information just to then put it aside, so literature review is usually postponed. 
D) Some phenomenologists don't believe that one can "bracket" what is known, in order to perform an unbiased analysis of the data, so they try to minimize what they read about the topic of the study until data analysis is complete. 
E) The review of the literature provides an objective cross-check for the researcher's interpretation.

Question 14

What is the purpose of the minimal review of relevant studies that the grounded theory researcher undertakes before writing the research proposal?

Accepted Answer

A) To compare the anticipated findings with the findings of similar research 
B) To direct the researcher in how to strategize data collection 
C) To help the researcher to identify previous findings that will assist in interpretation of the planned study 
D) To reveal the need for the planned research by identifying what others have done 
A) To compare the anticipated findings with the findings of similar research 
B) To direct the researcher in how to strategize data collection 
C) To help the researcher to identify previous findings that will assist in interpretation of the planned study 
D) To reveal the need for the planned research by identifying what others have done

Question 15

What are the purposes of the literature review in quantitative research concerning patient compliance with alternating leg pressure stockings (ALPs)?

Accepted Answer

A) It gives the researcher an overview of anecdotal reports about how it feels to the patient to wear ALPs. 
B) It allows the researcher to use the data from previous research on ALPs to add to his or her database. 
C) It allows the researcher to construct theory about compliance with ALPs. 
D) It gives the researcher something with which to compare his or her findings on compliance with ALPs. 
E) It allows the researcher to discover previous research in the area of ALPs, so as to identify what is not known (the research gap). 
A) It gives the researcher an overview of anecdotal reports about how it feels to the patient to wear ALPs. 
B) It allows the researcher to use the data from previous research on ALPs to add to his or her database. 
C) It allows the researcher to construct theory about compliance with ALPs. 
D) It gives the researcher something with which to compare his or her findings on compliance with ALPs. 
E) It allows the researcher to discover previous research in the area of ALPs, so as to identify what is not known (the research gap).

Question 16

In which methods does substantive review of the literature take place after data analysis?

Accepted Answer

A) Grounded theory 
B) Narrative inquiry 
C) Phenomenology 
D) Ethnography 
E) Quantitative descriptive 
A) Grounded theory 
B) Narrative inquiry 
C) Phenomenology 
D) Ethnography 
E) Quantitative descriptive

Question 17

Considering phenomenologists' belief that experience constitutes reality, how does their approach to the literature review dovetail with that belief?

Accepted Answer

A) The literature is exactly as real as the other research data, and it is all analyzed and valued equally during the data analysis portion of the study. 
B) If the literature reports other phenomenologists' findings, based on experience, these can be considered alternative data sources. 
C) The literature is a false interpretation of reality and cannot be considered, either before or after data analysis is complete. 
D) The literature review is usually postponed until after data analysis completion, so that the understanding of the phenomenon will emanate solely from the data. 
A) The literature is exactly as real as the other research data, and it is all analyzed and valued equally during the data analysis portion of the study. 
B) If the literature reports other phenomenologists' findings, based on experience, these can be considered alternative data sources. 
C) The literature is a false interpretation of reality and cannot be considered, either before or after data analysis is complete. 
D) The literature review is usually postponed until after data analysis completion, so that the understanding of the phenomenon will emanate solely from the data.

Exam 7: Review of Relevant Literature

In terms of the literature review, how are quantitative research and ethnographic research similar?

What type of literature describes concept analyses, models, and frameworks?

The review of literature in quantitative research directs everything from the first ideas about the study variables through recommendations based upon the study's conclusions. What are outputs of the literature review in quantitative research?

Why would the Boolean article OR be used if a researcher is conducting a digital literature search of journals on the topic of prolonged adolescent grieving after parental loss?

Why would a reputable researcher use a secondary source instead of a primary one?

What might a researcher include in a preliminary review of the literature concerning acupuncture and conscious sedation for major surgical procedures?

Which study would be considered landmark research?

A publication is printed every 2 months. Its volume number coincides with its year of publication (2008 = 1; 2009 = 2; 2010 = 3; etc.). Its issue number coincides with the order of publication, within a given year (Jan to Feb = 1; Mar to Apr = 2; etc.). What kind of a publication is this?

It is appropriate to conduct a review of the literature in which circumstances?

Which primary source might be available to someone writing a biography of Queen Elizabeth I, who died in the 17th century?

In phenomenology, often the review of the literature is conducted after data analysis is complete. What is the reason for this?

What is the purpose of the minimal review of relevant studies that the grounded theory researcher undertakes before writing the research proposal?

What are the purposes of the literature review in quantitative research concerning patient compliance with alternating leg pressure stockings (ALPs)?

In which methods does substantive review of the literature take place after data analysis?

Considering phenomenologists' belief that experience constitutes reality, how does their approach to the literature review dovetail with that belief?

Discovering the World of Nursing Research

Evolution of Research in Building Evidence-Based Nursing Practice

Introduction to Quantitative Research

Introduction to Qualitative Research

Research Problem and Purpose

Objectives, Questions, Hypotheses, and Study Variables

Frameworks

Ethics in Research

Quantitative Methodology: Noninterventional Designs and Methods

Quantitative Methodology: Interventional Designs and Methods

Qualitative Research Methods

Outcomes Research

Mixed Methods Research

Sampling

Quantitative Measurement Concepts

Measurement Methods Used in Developing Evidence-Based Practice

Critical Appraisal of Nursing Studies

Evidence Synthesis and Strategies for Implementing Evidence-Based Practice

Collecting and Managing Data

Introduction to Statistical Analysis

Using Statistics to Describe Variables

Using Statistics to Examine Relationships

Using Statistics to Predict

Using Statistics to Determine Differences

Interpreting Research Outcomes

Disseminating Research Findings

Writing Research Proposals

Seeking Funding for Research

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