Question 1

With respect to chemical pest controls, integrated pest management (IPM) uses

Accepted Answer

A)  None 
B)  The maximum amount as determined by economic thresholds 
C)  Broad-spectrum products 
D)  The minimum amount necessary as a last resort 
E)  The maximum amount as determined by organic standards 
A)  None 
B)  The maximum amount as determined by economic thresholds 
C)  Broad-spectrum products 
D)  The minimum amount necessary as a last resort 
E)  The maximum amount as determined by organic standards

Question 2

Which of the following is the most important factor influencing soil drainage?

Accepted Answer

A)  Soil color 
B)  Soil faunal content 
C)  Soil organic content 
D)  Soil texture 
A)  Soil color 
B)  Soil faunal content 
C)  Soil organic content 
D)  Soil texture

Question 3

In developing countries, the farm workers who account for the majority of illness and death from the most toxic agricultural chemicals are usually the workers who

Accepted Answer

A)  Use machines to harvest grains 
B)  Transport the chemicals 
C)  Handpick fruits and vegetables 
D)  Plow the fields because the pesticide residues are in the dust that can be inhaled 
A)  Use machines to harvest grains 
B)  Transport the chemicals 
C)  Handpick fruits and vegetables 
D)  Plow the fields because the pesticide residues are in the dust that can be inhaled

Question 4

Wind erosion is most likely to cause problems in

Accepted Answer

A)  Forested grazing lands on high mountains 
B)  Open, arid regions 
C)  Fertile river bottoms with annual floods 
D)  Agricultural regions in the far north 
E)  Protected, arid regions 
A)  Forested grazing lands on high mountains 
B)  Open, arid regions 
C)  Fertile river bottoms with annual floods 
D)  Agricultural regions in the far north 
E)  Protected, arid regions

Question 5

Can an organism be resistant to a chemical that it has never been exposed to?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yes, genes for pesticide resistance can be transferred through vectors such as viruses 
B)  Yes, pesticide resistance does not require chemical exposure and eventually all organisms become resistant 
C)  Yes, the pesticide treadmill causes pesticide resistance 
D)  No, there is probably some exposure that we are not aware of 
E)  No, it is not possible for an organism be resistant to a chemical that it has never been exposed to 
A)  Yes, genes for pesticide resistance can be transferred through vectors such as viruses 
B)  Yes, pesticide resistance does not require chemical exposure and eventually all organisms become resistant 
C)  Yes, the pesticide treadmill causes pesticide resistance 
D)  No, there is probably some exposure that we are not aware of 
E)  No, it is not possible for an organism be resistant to a chemical that it has never been exposed to

Question 6

Spaces between sand particles give sandy soil

Accepted Answer

A)  The ability to hold water 
B)  Low permeability to air 
C)  Good drainage 
D)  The ability to store minerals 
E)  Low permeability to water 
A)  The ability to hold water 
B)  Low permeability to air 
C)  Good drainage 
D)  The ability to store minerals 
E)  Low permeability to water

Question 7

Relying on natural predators to control pests is but one of many nonpesticide options farmers can use in an approach known as biological control.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Annual row crops such as __________ cause the highest erosion rates because _____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Corn and coffee; they use so many nutrients 
B)  Wheat and coffee; they need so much water 
C)  Tea and beans; plowing in the fall is required for planting of these annual spring crops 
D)  Beans and coffee; trees are usually cut down for the fields 
E)  Corn and beans; soil is left bare for the majority of the year 
A)  Corn and coffee; they use so many nutrients 
B)  Wheat and coffee; they need so much water 
C)  Tea and beans; plowing in the fall is required for planting of these annual spring crops 
D)  Beans and coffee; trees are usually cut down for the fields 
E)  Corn and beans; soil is left bare for the majority of the year

Question 9

When pesticide residues are found in such remote areas as the St. Lawrence estuary, which of the following is probably NOT responsible?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bioaccumulation 
B)  Pesticide persistence 
C)  The grasshopper effect 
D)  Bioaccumulation and pesticide persistence 
E)  All of these could be responsible 
A)  Bioaccumulation 
B)  Pesticide persistence 
C)  The grasshopper effect 
D)  Bioaccumulation and pesticide persistence 
E)  All of these could be responsible

Question 10

You have decided that you want to reduce the amount of pesticides you encounter. List and describe at least ten actions that you can take to reduce your exposure to pesticides.

Accepted Answer

Should include at least some of the foll

Question 11

Which of the following pesticide types is extremely toxic to workers who apply them?

Accepted Answer

A)  Chlorinated hydrocarbons 
B)  Carbamates 
C)  Inorganic pesticides 
D)  Fumigants 
E)  Natural organic pesticides 
A)  Chlorinated hydrocarbons 
B)  Carbamates 
C)  Inorganic pesticides 
D)  Fumigants 
E)  Natural organic pesticides

Question 12

Chlorinated hydrocarbons have ____ toxicity for sensitive organisms and remain in the soil for a _______ time.

Accepted Answer

A)  High; long 
B)  High; short 
C)  Low; short 
D)  Low; long 
E)  Medium; long 
A)  High; long 
B)  High; short 
C)  Low; short 
D)  Low; long 
E)  Medium; long

Question 13

Reduced tillage agricultural systems

Accepted Answer

A)  consume less energy than conventional systems. 
B)  lead to less soil degradation. 
C)  require more energy than conventional systems. 
D)  consume less energy than conventional systems and lead to less soil degradation. 
E)  lead to less soil degradation and require more energy than conventional systems. 
A)  consume less energy than conventional systems. 
B)  lead to less soil degradation. 
C)  require more energy than conventional systems. 
D)  consume less energy than conventional systems and lead to less soil degradation. 
E)  lead to less soil degradation and require more energy than conventional systems.

Question 14

An effective way to measure soil erosion in a region is to measure the

Accepted Answer

A)  Amount of dust in the air 
B)  Sediment load of rivers 
C)  Amount lost on crop fields 
D)  Distance the dust travels 
E)  All of these are effective ways to measure the loss 
A)  Amount of dust in the air 
B)  Sediment load of rivers 
C)  Amount lost on crop fields 
D)  Distance the dust travels 
E)  All of these are effective ways to measure the loss

Question 15

The parent material layer of a soil is composed of weathered ______.

Accepted Answer

A)  Humus 
B)  Organic detritus and roots 
C)  Residual aluminum and iron 
D)  Soil 
E)  Rock fragments 
A)  Humus 
B)  Organic detritus and roots 
C)  Residual aluminum and iron 
D)  Soil 
E)  Rock fragments

Question 16

The pesticide treadmill occurs when

Accepted Answer

A)  A virus transfers pesticide resistance to a new species 
B)  Constantly decreasing doses of pesticides are needed to control pests 
C)  Nontarget agricultural species are destroyed by insecticides 
D)  Predators of the pest species are killed by broadcast spraying 
E)  Constantly increasing doses of pesticides are needed to control pests 
A)  A virus transfers pesticide resistance to a new species 
B)  Constantly decreasing doses of pesticides are needed to control pests 
C)  Nontarget agricultural species are destroyed by insecticides 
D)  Predators of the pest species are killed by broadcast spraying 
E)  Constantly increasing doses of pesticides are needed to control pests

Question 17

Rill erosion can lead to

Accepted Answer

A)  Sheet erosion 
B)  Wind erosion 
C)  Gully erosion 
D)  Soil compaction 
E)  Salinization and waterlogging 
A)  Sheet erosion 
B)  Wind erosion 
C)  Gully erosion 
D)  Soil compaction 
E)  Salinization and waterlogging

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a component of soil texture?

Accepted Answer

A)  Organics 
B)  Sand 
C)  Silt 
D)  Clay 
A)  Organics 
B)  Sand 
C)  Silt 
D)  Clay

Question 19

Knowledge of the life cycle of an insect population enables biological controls to be used in place of current pesticide use. An example includes the use of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) which affects _______ of moths and butterflies.

Accepted Answer

A)  All stages 
B)  The larval stage 
C)  The pupa stage 
D)  The eggs 
E)  The larval and pupa stages 
A)  All stages 
B)  The larval stage 
C)  The pupa stage 
D)  The eggs 
E)  The larval and pupa stages

Question 20

Most of the pesticides applied in the United States are used in

Accepted Answer

A)  Landscaping for private homes 
B)  Agriculture 
C)  Controlling pests in private homes 
D)  Landscaping for both private homes and businesses 
E)  Controlling pests in businesses (e.g., restaurants) 
A)  Landscaping for private homes 
B)  Agriculture 
C)  Controlling pests in private homes 
D)  Landscaping for both private homes and businesses 
E)  Controlling pests in businesses (e.g., restaurants)

Exam 10: Farming: Conventional and Sustainable Practices

With respect to chemical pest controls, integrated pest management (IPM) uses

Which of the following is the most important factor influencing soil drainage?

In developing countries, the farm workers who account for the majority of illness and death from the most toxic agricultural chemicals are usually the workers who

Wind erosion is most likely to cause problems in

Can an organism be resistant to a chemical that it has never been exposed to?

Spaces between sand particles give sandy soil

Relying on natural predators to control pests is but one of many nonpesticide options farmers can use in an approach known as biological control.

Annual row crops such as __________ cause the highest erosion rates because _____________.

When pesticide residues are found in such remote areas as the St. Lawrence estuary, which of the following is probably NOT responsible?

You have decided that you want to reduce the amount of pesticides you encounter. List and describe at least ten actions that you can take to reduce your exposure to pesticides.

Which of the following pesticide types is extremely toxic to workers who apply them?

Chlorinated hydrocarbons have ____ toxicity for sensitive organisms and remain in the soil for a _______ time.

Reduced tillage agricultural systems

An effective way to measure soil erosion in a region is to measure the

The parent material layer of a soil is composed of weathered ______.

The pesticide treadmill occurs when

Rill erosion can lead to

Which of the following is NOT a component of soil texture?

Knowledge of the life cycle of an insect population enables biological controls to be used in place of current pesticide use. An example includes the use of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) which affects _______ of moths and butterflies.

Most of the pesticides applied in the United States are used in

Understanding Our Environment

Principles of Science and Systems

Matter, Energy, and Life

Evolution, Biological Communities, and Species Interactions

Biomes: Global Patterns of Life

Population Biology

Human Populations

Environmental Health and Toxicology

Food and Hunger

Biodiversity: Preserving Species

Biodiversity: Preserving Landscapes

Restoration Ecology

Geology and Earth Resources

Climate Change

Air Pollution

Water Use and Management

Water Pollution

Conventional Energy

Sustainable Energy

Solid, Toxic, and Hazardous Waste

Urbanization and Sustainable Cities

Ecological Economics

Environmental Policy, Law, and Planning

What Then Shall We Do

Filters

Annual row crops such as cause the highest erosion rates because ___.

Chlorinated hydrocarbons have toxicity for sensitive organisms and remain in the soil for a ___ time.