Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the factors that predicts the bioavailability of a drug?

Accepted Answer

A)  The molecular weight is less than 500. 
B)  The number of hydrogen-bond donors is less than 5. 
C)  The number of hydrogen-bond acceptors is less than 10. 
D)  The partition coefficient is less than 5. 
E)  The structure contains at least two aromatic rings. 
A)  The molecular weight is less than 500. 
B)  The number of hydrogen-bond donors is less than 5. 
C)  The number of hydrogen-bond acceptors is less than 10. 
D)  The partition coefficient is less than 5. 
E)  The structure contains at least two aromatic rings.

Question 2

________________ is the science that deals with the discovery, chemistry, composition, identification, biological and physiological effects, uses, and manufacture of drugs.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________________ is the science that deals with...

Question 3

Penicillin inhibits the action of the ____________________ (type of enzyme) that catalyzes the formation of cross-links in bacterial cell walls.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Penicillin inhibits the action of the ____________________...

Question 4

Sketch the binding curve for the titration of a receptor R with a ligand L, and label the point on the plot that corresponds to the Kd for the RL complex.

Accepted Answer

Question 5

Describe what factors will affect the apparent Kd of a drug under physiological conditions.

Accepted Answer

The K_d of a drug under physiological cond

Question 6

Which of the following is NOT commonly conjugated to a xenobiotic?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucuronic acid 
B)  sulfate group 
C)  glutathione 
D)  salicylic acid 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  glucuronic acid 
B)  sulfate group 
C)  glutathione 
D)  salicylic acid 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 7

Briefly explain why a drug candidate that has a partition coefficient (log P) greater than 5 is not a good candidate for oral bioavailability.

Accepted Answer

A partition coefficient of 5 means that

Question 8

Give a chemical equation for the general reaction that is catalyzed by cytochrome P450 in the metabolism of a drug. Show the functional group that is added to the molecule.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Give a chemical equation for the general...

Question 9

Which of the following drugs were developed as a result of information obtained from a mouse model that had the gene that normally produces the α-subunit of the H+, K+ ATPase transport system "knocked out"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Prilosec and Prevacid 
B)  Celebrex and Viox 
C)  Crixivan 
D)  Lipitor and Crestor 
E)  Viagra 
A)  Prilosec and Prevacid 
B)  Celebrex and Viox 
C)  Crixivan 
D)  Lipitor and Crestor 
E)  Viagra

Question 10

What term describes a molecule that binds to a target molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  substrate 
B)  effector 
C)  ligand 
D)  cosubstrate 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  substrate 
B)  effector 
C)  ligand 
D)  cosubstrate 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 11

A drug's concentration at its target site is affected by its ADME, which is an acronym that stands for _________________________________.

Accepted Answer

absorption, distribu

Question 12

In which phase of drug development do healthy volunteers take the drug for initial safety studies?

Accepted Answer

A)  phase I trials 
B)  phase II trials 
C)  phase III trials 
D)  pre-clinical trials 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  phase I trials 
B)  phase II trials 
C)  phase III trials 
D)  pre-clinical trials 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 13

What type of reaction is typically catalyzed by liver cytochrome P450?

Accepted Answer

A)  reduction 
B)  hydration 
C)  hydroxylation 
D)  hydrolysis 
E)  esterification 
A)  reduction 
B)  hydration 
C)  hydroxylation 
D)  hydrolysis 
E)  esterification

Question 14

Which of the following is a powerful animal model used for drug development?

Accepted Answer

A)  fruit fly models with specific genes "knocked out" 
B)  bovine models with specific genes "knocked out" 
C)  E. coli models with specific plasmids added 
D)  mouse strains with specific genes "knocked out" 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  fruit fly models with specific genes "knocked out" 
B)  bovine models with specific genes "knocked out" 
C)  E. coli models with specific plasmids added 
D)  mouse strains with specific genes "knocked out" 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 15

Which of the following is correct concerning the dissociation constant, Kd, of a drug X?

Accepted Answer

A)  A larger Kd implies tighter target to drug binding. 
B)  The Kd corresponds to the concentration of drug that binds to 90% of the target. 
C)  The Kd can be determined from the simple saturation curve of a binding reaction. 
D)  The apparent Kd increases as the KM of the true substrate increases. 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  A larger Kd implies tighter target to drug binding. 
B)  The Kd corresponds to the concentration of drug that binds to 90% of the target. 
C)  The Kd can be determined from the simple saturation curve of a binding reaction. 
D)  The apparent Kd increases as the KM of the true substrate increases. 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 16

Why do some drug treatments become ineffective over time?

Accepted Answer

Infectious diseases and cancer have a co

Question 17

The current cost of developing a new drug is ____________ .

Accepted Answer

more than

Question 18

__________________ is an abundant protein that binds to and transports drugs everywhere the bloodstream flows.

Accepted Answer

Serum albu

Question 19

If you do a Google search for Lipinski's rules, you will observe that this predictor of bioavailability is also referred to as the "Rule of 5." Explain.

Accepted Answer

Each of the rules has a value of 5 or mu

Question 20

Some bacteria are resistant to penicillin because they contain __________________ enzymes.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Some bacteria are resistant to penicillin because...

Exam 36: Drug Development

Which of the following is NOT one of the factors that predicts the bioavailability of a drug?

________________ is the science that deals with the discovery, chemistry, composition, identification, biological and physiological effects, uses, and manufacture of drugs.

Penicillin inhibits the action of the ____________________ (type of enzyme) that catalyzes the formation of cross-links in bacterial cell walls.

Sketch the binding curve for the titration of a receptor R with a ligand L, and label the point on the plot that corresponds to the Kd for the RL complex.

Describe what factors will affect the apparent Kd of a drug under physiological conditions.

Which of the following is NOT commonly conjugated to a xenobiotic?

Briefly explain why a drug candidate that has a partition coefficient (log P) greater than 5 is not a good candidate for oral bioavailability.

Give a chemical equation for the general reaction that is catalyzed by cytochrome P450 in the metabolism of a drug. Show the functional group that is added to the molecule.

Which of the following drugs were developed as a result of information obtained from a mouse model that had the gene that normally produces the α-subunit of the H+, K+ ATPase transport system "knocked out"?

What term describes a molecule that binds to a target molecule?

A drug's concentration at its target site is affected by its ADME, which is an acronym that stands for _________________________________.

In which phase of drug development do healthy volunteers take the drug for initial safety studies?

What type of reaction is typically catalyzed by liver cytochrome P450?

Which of the following is a powerful animal model used for drug development?

Which of the following is correct concerning the dissociation constant, Kd, of a drug X?

Why do some drug treatments become ineffective over time?

The current cost of developing a new drug is ____________ .

__________________ is an abundant protein that binds to and transports drugs everywhere the bloodstream flows.

If you do a Google search for Lipinski's rules, you will observe that this predictor of bioavailability is also referred to as the "Rule of 5." Explain.

Some bacteria are resistant to penicillin because they contain __________________ enzymes.

Biochemistry: an Evolving Science

Protein Composition and Structure

Exploring Proteins and Proteomes

DNA, RNA, and the Flow of Genetic Information

Exploring Genes and Genomes

Exploring Evolution and Bioinformatics

Hemoglobin: a Portrait of a Protein in Action

Enzymes: Basic Concepts and Kinetics

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Catalytic Strategies

Regulatory Strategies

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Cell Membranes

Membrane Channels and Pumps

Signal-Transduction Pathways

Metabolism: Basic Concepts and Design

Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis

The Citric Acid Cycle

The Light Reactions of Photosynthesis

The Calvin Cycle and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Glycogen Metabolism

Fatty Acid Metabolism

Protein Turnover and Amino Acid Catabolism

The Biosynthesis of Amino Acids

Nucleotide Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis of Membrane Lipids and Steroids

The Integration of Metabolism

DNA Replication, Repair, and Recombination

Rna Synthesis and Processing

Protein Synthesis

The Control of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes

The Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Sensory Systems

The Immune System

Molecular Motors

Filters

Sketch the binding curve for the titration of a receptor R with a ligand L, and label the point on the plot that corresponds to the K_d for the RL complex.

Describe what factors will affect the apparent K_d of a drug under physiological conditions.

Which of the following drugs were developed as a result of information obtained from a mouse model that had the gene that normally produces the α-subunit of the H⁺, K⁺ ATPase transport system "knocked out"?

Which of the following is correct concerning the dissociation constant, K_d, of a drug X?