Question 1

Health consequences of obesity may include

Accepted Answer

A)  coronary heart disease. 
B)  hypertension. 
C)  stroke. 
D)  type II diabetes. 
E)  All the answers are correct. 
A)  coronary heart disease. 
B)  hypertension. 
C)  stroke. 
D)  type II diabetes. 
E)  All the answers are correct. E

Question 2

In a typical human male, which of the following most closely approximates the energy content (in kcal) of triacylglycerols stored in adipose tissue?

Accepted Answer

A)  13,500 kcal 
B)  135,000 kcal 
C)  1,350,000 kcal 
D)  13,500 cal 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  13,500 kcal 
B)  135,000 kcal 
C)  1,350,000 kcal 
D)  13,500 cal 
E)  None of the answers is correct. B

Question 3

What fuel is used exclusively by muscles following a day of starvation?

Accepted Answer

A)  glycogen 
B)  fatty acids 
C)  alanine 
D)  glucose 
E)  $\beta$-hydroxybutyrate 
A)  glycogen 
B)  fatty acids 
C)  alanine 
D)  glucose 
E)  $\beta$-hydroxybutyrate B

Question 4

What is the major metabolic fuel for the brain after several days of starvation?

Accepted Answer

A)  fatty acids 
B)  lactate 
C)  amino acids 
D)  ketone bodies 
E)  glycogen 
A)  fatty acids 
B)  lactate 
C)  amino acids 
D)  ketone bodies 
E)  glycogen

Question 5

What are the plasma concentrations of glucose in the normal fasting and starvation states?

Accepted Answer

Typical fasting glucose level

Question 6

Show how the metabolism of the liver and skeletal muscle is interconnected by blood glucose and alanine during strenuous exercise.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Show how the metabolism of the liver...

Question 7

The microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS) consumes oxygen and ______________, which leads to oxidative stress partly due to the inability to regenerate glutathione.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS) consumes oxygen...

Question 8

Insulin signals the ______ state, and glucagon signals the _______ state.

Accepted Answer

A)  fed; starved 
B)  starved; fed 
C)  fed; maintenance 
D)  maintenance; fed 
E)  starved; maintenance 
A)  fed; starved 
B)  starved; fed 
C)  fed; maintenance 
D)  maintenance; fed 
E)  starved; maintenance

Question 9

Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis are usually _________________ regulated.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis are usually _________________ regulated....

Question 10

When levels of ketone bodies are high, the _________________ can no longer maintain acid-base balance in the blood.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When levels of ketone bodies are high,...

Question 11

Excess alcohol consumption can lead to Wernicke-Korsaff syndrome due to the lack of the vitamin thiamine. Which of the following metabolic conversions CANNOT occur in the absence of thiamine?

Accepted Answer

A)  pyruvate + CO2 $\rightarrow$oxaloacetate 
B)  pyruvate $\rightarrow$ acetyl-CoA + CO2 
C)  $\alpha$-ketoglutarate $\rightarrow$succinyl-CoA + CO2 
D)  phosphoenolpyruvate + CO2 $\rightarrow$ oxaloacetate 
E)  B and C are correct. 
A)  pyruvate + CO2 $\rightarrow$oxaloacetate 
B)  pyruvate $\rightarrow$ acetyl-CoA + CO2 
C)  $\alpha$-ketoglutarate $\rightarrow$succinyl-CoA + CO2 
D)  phosphoenolpyruvate + CO2 $\rightarrow$ oxaloacetate 
E)  B and C are correct.

Question 12

Which of the following occurs in the pancreatic β cell when blood glucose levels increase?

Accepted Answer

A)  Insulin is secreted by receptor-mediated endocytosis. 
B)  Intracellular ATP/ADP levels increase. 
C)  K+ channels open, altering the membrane potential. 
D)  Ca2+ channels close.  
E)  All of the above occur. 
A)  Insulin is secreted by receptor-mediated endocytosis. 
B)  Intracellular ATP/ADP levels increase. 
C)  K+ channels open, altering the membrane potential. 
D)  Ca2+ channels close.  
E)  All of the above occur.

Question 13

What metabolic changes occur during the early fasting state?

Accepted Answer

In the initial hours after a meal, the b

Question 14

____________________ results when insulin is absent due to autoimmune destruction of the β cells of the pancreas.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____________________ results when insulin is absent due...

Question 15

What are the two factors that have led to a propensity to gain weight in humans, and how can they be negated?

Accepted Answer

Evolutionarily, our bodies are programme

Question 16

Which organ is considered to be the metabolic "hub" of the body?

Accepted Answer

A)  brain 
B)  small intestine 
C)  liver 
D)  pancreas 
E)  adipose tissue 
A)  brain 
B)  small intestine 
C)  liver 
D)  pancreas 
E)  adipose tissue

Question 17

What hormone, released by adipose tissue, generates a sense of satiation and inhibits the appetite?

Accepted Answer

A)  leptin 
B)  cholecystokinin 
C)  neuropeptide Y 
D)  insulin 
E)  None of the answers is correct. 
A)  leptin 
B)  cholecystokinin 
C)  neuropeptide Y 
D)  insulin 
E)  None of the answers is correct.

Question 18

What are the two hypotheses supporting low-carbohydrate-high-protein diets as an effective weight losing strategy?

Accepted Answer

First, proteins seem to induce

Question 19

What is the primary source of energy used by the muscle during starvation?

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose 
B)  lactate 
C)  fatty acids 
D)  ketone bodies 
E)  branched-chain amino acids 
A)  glucose 
B)  lactate 
C)  fatty acids 
D)  ketone bodies 
E)  branched-chain amino acids

Question 20

What is the cause of type 1 diabetes?

Accepted Answer

This form of diabetes appears

Exam 27: The Integration of Metabolism

Health consequences of obesity may include

In a typical human male, which of the following most closely approximates the energy content (in kcal) of triacylglycerols stored in adipose tissue?

What fuel is used exclusively by muscles following a day of starvation?

What is the major metabolic fuel for the brain after several days of starvation?

What are the plasma concentrations of glucose in the normal fasting and starvation states?

Show how the metabolism of the liver and skeletal muscle is interconnected by blood glucose and alanine during strenuous exercise.

The microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS) consumes oxygen and ______________, which leads to oxidative stress partly due to the inability to regenerate glutathione.

Insulin signals the ______ state, and glucagon signals the _______ state.

Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis are usually _________________ regulated.

When levels of ketone bodies are high, the _________________ can no longer maintain acid-base balance in the blood.

Excess alcohol consumption can lead to Wernicke-Korsaff syndrome due to the lack of the vitamin thiamine. Which of the following metabolic conversions CANNOT occur in the absence of thiamine?

Which of the following occurs in the pancreatic β cell when blood glucose levels increase?

What metabolic changes occur during the early fasting state?

____________________ results when insulin is absent due to autoimmune destruction of the β cells of the pancreas.

What are the two factors that have led to a propensity to gain weight in humans, and how can they be negated?

Which organ is considered to be the metabolic "hub" of the body?

What hormone, released by adipose tissue, generates a sense of satiation and inhibits the appetite?

What are the two hypotheses supporting low-carbohydrate-high-protein diets as an effective weight losing strategy?

What is the primary source of energy used by the muscle during starvation?

What is the cause of type 1 diabetes?

Biochemistry: an Evolving Science

Protein Composition and Structure

Exploring Proteins and Proteomes

DNA, RNA, and the Flow of Genetic Information

Exploring Genes and Genomes

Exploring Evolution and Bioinformatics

Hemoglobin: a Portrait of a Protein in Action

Enzymes: Basic Concepts and Kinetics

Oxidative Phosphorylation

Catalytic Strategies

Regulatory Strategies

Carbohydrates

Lipids and Cell Membranes

Membrane Channels and Pumps

Signal-Transduction Pathways

Metabolism: Basic Concepts and Design

Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis

The Citric Acid Cycle

The Light Reactions of Photosynthesis

The Calvin Cycle and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Glycogen Metabolism

Fatty Acid Metabolism

Protein Turnover and Amino Acid Catabolism

The Biosynthesis of Amino Acids

Nucleotide Biosynthesis

Biosynthesis of Membrane Lipids and Steroids

DNA Replication, Repair, and Recombination

Rna Synthesis and Processing

Protein Synthesis

The Control of Gene Expression in Prokaryotes

The Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Sensory Systems

The Immune System

Molecular Motors

Drug Development

Filters

Insulin signals the state, and glucagon signals the _ state.