Question 1

Which of the following is the longest saturated fatty acid that can be synthesized by the ACP merry-go-round mechanism?

Accepted Answer

A)  arachidonic acid 
B)  lauric acid 
C)  palmitic acid 
D)  stearic acid 
A)  arachidonic acid 
B)  lauric acid 
C)  palmitic acid 
D)  stearic acid

Question 2

Which type of reaction occurs when α-ketoglutarate is synthesized from glutamate?

Accepted Answer

A)  reductive amination 
B)  reductive deamination 
C)  oxidative amination 
D)  oxidative deamination 
A)  reductive amination 
B)  reductive deamination 
C)  oxidative amination 
D)  oxidative deamination

Question 3

Which of the following enzymes catalyzes only the reactions of gluconeogenesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  hexokinase 
B)  phosphoglycerate kinase 
C)  pyruvate kinase 
D)  pyruvate carboxylase 
A)  hexokinase 
B)  phosphoglycerate kinase 
C)  pyruvate kinase 
D)  pyruvate carboxylase

Question 4

Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the dark reactions of photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  RuBisCo 
B)  succinate dehydrogenase 
C)  lactate dehydrogenase 
D)  peroxidase 
A)  RuBisCo 
B)  succinate dehydrogenase 
C)  lactate dehydrogenase 
D)  peroxidase

Question 5

What is the central metal ion in a chlorophyll molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ca+2 
B)  Cu+2 
C)  Mg+2 
D)  Mn+2 
A)  Ca+2 
B)  Cu+2 
C)  Mg+2 
D)  Mn+2

Question 6

Identify a process for the breakdown of fatty acids.

Accepted Answer

A)  glycolysis 
B)  gluconeogenesis 
C)  β-oxidation 
D)  deamination 
A)  glycolysis 
B)  gluconeogenesis 
C)  β-oxidation 
D)  deamination

Question 7

Which of the following statements is true of the degradation and synthesis of fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both fatty acid synthesis and degradation occur in the cytoplasm. 
B)  Both fatty acid synthesis and degradation occur in mitochondria. 
C)  Fatty acid degradation occurs in the cytoplasm, whereas fatty acid synthesis mostly occurs in the mitochondria. 
D)  Fatty acid degradation occurs in the mitochondria, whereas fatty acid synthesis mostly occurs in the cytoplasm. 
A)  Both fatty acid synthesis and degradation occur in the cytoplasm. 
B)  Both fatty acid synthesis and degradation occur in mitochondria. 
C)  Fatty acid degradation occurs in the cytoplasm, whereas fatty acid synthesis mostly occurs in the mitochondria. 
D)  Fatty acid degradation occurs in the mitochondria, whereas fatty acid synthesis mostly occurs in the cytoplasm.

Question 8

Identify an essential amino acid that the bodies of growing children do not synthesize in sufficient quantities.

Accepted Answer

A)  histidine 
B)  proline 
C)  serine 
D)  tyrosine 
A)  histidine 
B)  proline 
C)  serine 
D)  tyrosine

Question 9

Which of the following oxidizing agents is required to convert saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

A)  FADH2 
B)  FADPH2 
C)  NADH 
D)  NADPH 
A)  FADH2 
B)  FADPH2 
C)  NADH 
D)  NADPH

Question 10

Which of the following pigments is required for the synthesis of glucose by photosynthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  hemoglobin 
B)  myoglobin 
C)  chlorophyll 
D)  none of these 
A)  hemoglobin 
B)  myoglobin 
C)  chlorophyll 
D)  none of these

Question 11

Which of the following compounds undergo condensation to produce cholesterol?

Accepted Answer

A)  two farnesyl pyrophosphates 
B)  two geranyl pyrophosphates 
C)  a farnesyl pyrophosphate and a geranyl pyrophosphate 
D)  none of these 
A)  two farnesyl pyrophosphates 
B)  two geranyl pyrophosphates 
C)  a farnesyl pyrophosphate and a geranyl pyrophosphate 
D)  none of these

Question 12

Identify a pathway that involves the reduction of carbon dioxide to carbohydrates in the presence of NADPH coenzymes.

Accepted Answer

A)  glycolysis 
B)  gluconeogenesis 
C)  the Calvin cycle 
D)  the Cori cycle 
A)  glycolysis 
B)  gluconeogenesis 
C)  the Calvin cycle 
D)  the Cori cycle

Question 13

Which of the following cholesterol-lowering drugs was sold under the trade name "Lipitor"?

Accepted Answer

A)  mevastatin 
B)  lovastatin 
C)  atorvastatin 
D)  fluvastatin 
A)  mevastatin 
B)  lovastatin 
C)  atorvastatin 
D)  fluvastatin

Question 14

In which of the following diseases does the body break down its own proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  kwashiorkor 
B)  multiple sclerosis 
C)  rickets 
D)  none of these 
A)  kwashiorkor 
B)  multiple sclerosis 
C)  rickets 
D)  none of these

Question 15

Which of the following enzymes controls the rate of cholesterol synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  cholinesterase 
B)  HMG oxidase 
C)  HMG-CoA reductase 
D)  mevalonate decarboxylase 
A)  cholinesterase 
B)  HMG oxidase 
C)  HMG-CoA reductase 
D)  mevalonate decarboxylase

Question 16

Consider the following diagram of a chloroplast.   Which of the following is not a similarity between chloroplasts and mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

A)  Both chloroplasts and mitochondria contain the green pigment chlorophyll. 
B)  Both chloroplasts and mitochondria contain iron-sulfur complexes. 
C)  Both chloroplasts and mitochondria contain proton-translocating ATPases. 
D)  Both chloroplasts and mitochondria utilize a proton gradient for ATP synthesis. 
E)  None, they are similar to each other in all of aspects. 
A)  Both chloroplasts and mitochondria contain the green pigment chlorophyll. 
B)  Both chloroplasts and mitochondria contain iron-sulfur complexes. 
C)  Both chloroplasts and mitochondria contain proton-translocating ATPases. 
D)  Both chloroplasts and mitochondria utilize a proton gradient for ATP synthesis. 
E)  None, they are similar to each other in all of aspects.

Question 17

Identify a product of the light reactions of photosynthesis.

Accepted Answer

A)  glucose 
B)  molecular oxygen 
C)  both glucose and molecular oxygen 
D)  neither glucose nor molecular oxygen 
A)  glucose 
B)  molecular oxygen 
C)  both glucose and molecular oxygen 
D)  neither glucose nor molecular oxygen

Question 18

Which of the following nucleotides activates choline to complete the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine?

Accepted Answer

A)  ATP 
B)  CTP 
C)  GTP 
D)  UTP 
A)  ATP 
B)  CTP 
C)  GTP 
D)  UTP

Question 19

Which of the following amino acids can be synthesized from glutamate?

Accepted Answer

A)  asparagine 
B)  cysteine 
C)  tyrosine 
D)  valine 
A)  asparagine 
B)  cysteine 
C)  tyrosine 
D)  valine

Question 20

Which of the following fatty acids is present in the membranes of the human eye?

Accepted Answer

A)  palmitic acid 
B)  myristic acid 
C)  stearic acid 
D)  docosahexaenoic acid 
A)  palmitic acid 
B)  myristic acid 
C)  stearic acid 
D)  docosahexaenoic acid

Exam 28: Biosynthetic Pathways

Which of the following is the longest saturated fatty acid that can be synthesized by the ACP merry-go-round mechanism?

Which type of reaction occurs when α-ketoglutarate is synthesized from glutamate?

Which of the following enzymes catalyzes only the reactions of gluconeogenesis?

Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the dark reactions of photosynthesis?

What is the central metal ion in a chlorophyll molecule?

Identify a process for the breakdown of fatty acids.

Which of the following statements is true of the degradation and synthesis of fatty acids?

Identify an essential amino acid that the bodies of growing children do not synthesize in sufficient quantities.

Which of the following oxidizing agents is required to convert saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids?

Which of the following pigments is required for the synthesis of glucose by photosynthesis?

Which of the following compounds undergo condensation to produce cholesterol?

Identify a pathway that involves the reduction of carbon dioxide to carbohydrates in the presence of NADPH coenzymes.

Which of the following cholesterol-lowering drugs was sold under the trade name "Lipitor"?

In which of the following diseases does the body break down its own proteins?

Which of the following enzymes controls the rate of cholesterol synthesis?

Consider the following diagram of a chloroplast. Which of the following is not a similarity between chloroplasts and mitochondria?

Identify a product of the light reactions of photosynthesis.

Which of the following nucleotides activates choline to complete the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine?

Which of the following amino acids can be synthesized from glutamate?

Which of the following fatty acids is present in the membranes of the human eye?

Matter, Energy, and Measurement

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Reaction Rates and Chemical Equilibrium

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Chirality: the Handedness of Molecules

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Carboxylic Anhydrides, Esters, and Amides

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Specific Catabolic Pathways: Carbohydrate, Lipid, and Protein Metabolism

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