Question 1

Types of thermodynamic processes: The process shown in the pV diagram in the figure is

Accepted Answer

A)  adiabatic. 
B)  isothermal. 
C)  isochoric. 
D)  isobaric. 
A)  adiabatic. 
B)  isothermal. 
C)  isochoric. 
D)  isobaric.

Question 2

Work: A steel container, equipped with a piston, contains 21 mol of an ideal gas at 465 K. The container is compressed isothermally to 90% of its original volume. How much work is done on the gas? The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K.

Accepted Answer

A)  8600 J 
B)  -73,300 J 
C)  -8500 J 
D)  11 J 
A)  8600 J 
B)  -73,300 J 
C)  -8500 J 
D)  11 J

Question 3

Types of thermodynamic processes: An ideal gas is compressed in a well-insulated chamber using a well-insulated piston. This process is

Accepted Answer

A)  isochoric. 
B)  isothermal. 
C)  adiabatic. 
D)  isobaric. 
A)  isochoric. 
B)  isothermal. 
C)  adiabatic. 
D)  isobaric.

Question 4

First law of thermodynamics: The gas in a perfectly insulated system does work at a rate of   At what rate is the internal (thermal) energy of the gas changing?

Accepted Answer

A)  - 13 W 
B)  13 W 
C)  0.00 W 
D)  6.5 W 
A)  - 13 W 
B)  13 W 
C)  0.00 W 
D)  6.5 W

Question 5

First law of thermodynamics: A cylinder contains 24.0 moles of an ideal gas at a temperature of 300 K. The gas is compressed at constant pressure until the final volume equals 0.63 times the initial volume. The molar heat capacity at constant volume of the gas is 24.0 J/mol · K and the ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K. The change in the internal (thermal) energy of the gas is closest to

Accepted Answer

A)  -64 kJ. 
B)  -86 kJ. 
C)  64 kJ. 
D)  86 kJ. 
E)  -22 kJ. 
A)  -64 kJ. 
B)  -86 kJ. 
C)  64 kJ. 
D)  86 kJ. 
E)  -22 kJ.

Question 6

Type of thermodynamic processes: The figure (not to scale) shows a pV diagram for 1.8 g of helium gas (He) that undergoes the process 1 → 2 → 3. Find the value of V3. The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K = 0.0821 L ∙ atm/mol ∙ K, and the atomic weight of helium is 4.0 g/mol.

Accepted Answer

A)  17 L 
B)  69 L 
C)  34 L 
D)  8.6 L 
A)  17 L 
B)  69 L 
C)  34 L 
D)  8.6 L

Question 7

First law of thermodynamics: When a fixed amount of ideal gas goes through an isobaric expansion,

Accepted Answer

A)  its internal (thermal) energy does not change. 
B)  the gas does no work. 
C)  no heat enters or leaves the gas. 
D)  its temperature must increase. 
E)  its pressure must increase. 
A)  its internal (thermal) energy does not change. 
B)  the gas does no work. 
C)  no heat enters or leaves the gas. 
D)  its temperature must increase. 
E)  its pressure must increase.

Question 8

Molar heat capacities: A quantity of ideal gas requires 800 kJ to raise the temperature of the gas by 10.0 K when the gas is maintained at constant volume. The same quantity of gas requires 900 kJ to raise the temperature of the gas by 10.0 K when the gas is maintained at constant pressure. What is the adiabatic constant γ for this gas?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.889 
B)  1.13 
C)  1.22 
D)  1.67 
E)  1.40 
A)  0.889 
B)  1.13 
C)  1.22 
D)  1.67 
E)  1.40

Question 9

Molar heat capacities: A monatomic ideal gas undergoes an isothermal expansion at 300 K, as the volume increased from   to   The final pressure of the gas is   The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K. The change in the internal (thermal) energy of the gas is closest to

Accepted Answer

A)  0.00 kJ. 
B)  12 kJ. 
C)  25 kJ. 
D)  -12 kJ. 
E)  -25 kJ. 
A)  0.00 kJ. 
B)  12 kJ. 
C)  25 kJ. 
D)  -12 kJ. 
E)  -25 kJ.

Question 10

First law of thermodynamics: When a fixed amount of ideal gas goes through an isochoric process,

Accepted Answer

A)  its internal (thermal) energy does not change. 
B)  the gas does no work. 
C)  no heat enters or leaves the gas. 
D)  its temperature must increase. 
E)  its pressure must increase. 
A)  its internal (thermal) energy does not change. 
B)  the gas does no work. 
C)  no heat enters or leaves the gas. 
D)  its temperature must increase. 
E)  its pressure must increase.

Question 11

First law of thermodynamics: A fixed amount of ideal gas goes through a process abc. In state a, the temperature of the gas is 152°C, its pressure is 1.25 atm, and it occupies a volume of 0.250 m3. It then undergoes an isothermal expansion to state b that doubles its volume, followed by an isobaric compression back to its original volume at state c.

Accepted Answer

(a) 8.93 moles 
(b)

Question 12

First law of thermodynamics: When an ideal gas increases in volume at constant pressure, the average kinetic energy of the gas molecules

Accepted Answer

A)  increases. 
B)  decreases. 
C)  does not change. 
D)  may either increase or decrease, depending on whether or not the process is carried out adiabatically. 
E)  may or may not change, but insufficient information is given to make such a determination. 
A)  increases. 
B)  decreases. 
C)  does not change. 
D)  may either increase or decrease, depending on whether or not the process is carried out adiabatically. 
E)  may or may not change, but insufficient information is given to make such a determination.

Question 13

Type of thermodynamic processes: The figure shows a pV diagram for 4.3 g of oxygen gas (O2) in a sealed container. The temperature T1 of the gas in state 1 is 21°C. What are the temperatures T3 and T4 of the gas in states 3 and 4? The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K = 0.0821 L ∙ atm/mol ∙ K, and the ATOMIC weight of oxygen is 16 g/mol.

Accepted Answer

A)  -52°C, 390°C 
B)  16°C, 47°C 
C)  220°C, 660°C 
D)  11°C, 32°C 
A)  -52°C, 390°C 
B)  16°C, 47°C 
C)  220°C, 660°C 
D)  11°C, 32°C

Question 14

Molar heat capacities: A certain amount of ideal monatomic gas is maintained at constant volume as it is cooled from 455K to 405 K. This feat is accomplished by removing 400 J of heat from the gas. How much work is done by the gas during this process? The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K.

Accepted Answer

A)  0.00 J 
B)  200 J 
C)  400 J 
D)  -400 J 
E)  -200 J 
A)  0.00 J 
B)  200 J 
C)  400 J 
D)  -400 J 
E)  -200 J

Question 15

Types of thermodynamic processes: The process shown in the pV diagram in the figure is an

Accepted Answer

A)  adiabatic expansion. 
B)  isothermal expansion. 
C)  isochoric expansion. 
D)  isobaric expansion. 
E)  isochoric compression. 
A)  adiabatic expansion. 
B)  isothermal expansion. 
C)  isochoric expansion. 
D)  isobaric expansion. 
E)  isochoric compression.

Question 16

Type of thermodynamic processes: The figure shows a pV diagram for 0.0066 mol of gas that undergoes the process 1 → 2 → 3. What is the pressure p2? The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K = 0.0821 L ∙ atm/mol ∙ K.

Accepted Answer

A)  5.3 atm 
B)  5.3 × 105 atm 
C)  16 atm 
D)  1.6 × 106 atm 
A)  5.3 atm 
B)  5.3 × 105 atm 
C)  16 atm 
D)  1.6 × 106 atm

Question 17

Molar heat capacities: A compression, at a constant pressure of 190 kPa, is performed on 5.0 moles of an ideal monatomic gas. The compression reduces the volume of the gas from   to   The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K. The work done by the gas is closest to

Accepted Answer

A)  -13 kJ. 
B)  13 kJ. 
C)  -33 kJ. 
D)  33 kJ. 
E)  0.00 kJ. 
A)  -13 kJ. 
B)  13 kJ. 
C)  -33 kJ. 
D)  33 kJ. 
E)  0.00 kJ.

Question 18

First law of thermodynamics: During an adiabatic process, an ideal gas does 25 J of work. What is the change in the internal (thermal) energy of the gas during this process?

Accepted Answer

A)  0.00 J 
B)  50 J 
C)  25 J 
D)  -25 J 
E)  -50 J 
A)  0.00 J 
B)  50 J 
C)  25 J 
D)  -25 J 
E)  -50 J

Question 19

Molar heat capacities: An ideal gas with γ = 1.67 is initially at 0°C in a volume of 10.0 L at a pressure of 1.00 atm. It is then expanded adiabatically to a volume of 10.4 L. What is the final temperature of the gas?

Accepted Answer

A)  -7.1°C 
B)  2.5°C 
C)  -23°C 
D)  68°C 
E)  -20°C 
A)  -7.1°C 
B)  2.5°C 
C)  -23°C 
D)  68°C 
E)  -20°C

Question 20

First law of thermodynamics: A container with rigid walls is filled with 4 mol of air with CV = 2.5R. How much does the internal (thermal) energy change if the temperature of the air rises from 16°C to 437°C? The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K.

Accepted Answer

A)  35 kJ 
B)  421 J 
C)  3.5 kJ 
D)  8.75 kJ 
A)  35 kJ 
B)  421 J 
C)  3.5 kJ 
D)  8.75 kJ

Exam 13: Gravitation

Types of thermodynamic processes: The process shown in the pV diagram in the figure is

Work: A steel container, equipped with a piston, contains 21 mol of an ideal gas at 465 K. The container is compressed isothermally to 90% of its original volume. How much work is done on the gas? The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K.

Types of thermodynamic processes: An ideal gas is compressed in a well-insulated chamber using a well-insulated piston. This process is

First law of thermodynamics: The gas in a perfectly insulated system does work at a rate of At what rate is the internal (thermal) energy of the gas changing?

Type of thermodynamic processes: The figure (not to scale) shows a pV diagram for 1.8 g of helium gas (He) that undergoes the process 1 → 2 → 3. Find the value of V3. The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K = 0.0821 L ∙ atm/mol ∙ K, and the atomic weight of helium is 4.0 g/mol.

First law of thermodynamics: When a fixed amount of ideal gas goes through an isobaric expansion,

Molar heat capacities: A monatomic ideal gas undergoes an isothermal expansion at 300 K, as the volume increased from to The final pressure of the gas is The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K. The change in the internal (thermal) energy of the gas is closest to

First law of thermodynamics: When a fixed amount of ideal gas goes through an isochoric process,

First law of thermodynamics: When an ideal gas increases in volume at constant pressure, the average kinetic energy of the gas molecules

Types of thermodynamic processes: The process shown in the pV diagram in the figure is an

Type of thermodynamic processes: The figure shows a pV diagram for 0.0066 mol of gas that undergoes the process 1 → 2 → 3. What is the pressure p2? The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K = 0.0821 L ∙ atm/mol ∙ K.

Molar heat capacities: A compression, at a constant pressure of 190 kPa, is performed on 5.0 moles of an ideal monatomic gas. The compression reduces the volume of the gas from to The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K. The work done by the gas is closest to

First law of thermodynamics: During an adiabatic process, an ideal gas does 25 J of work. What is the change in the internal (thermal) energy of the gas during this process?

Molar heat capacities: An ideal gas with γ = 1.67 is initially at 0°C in a volume of 10.0 L at a pressure of 1.00 atm. It is then expanded adiabatically to a volume of 10.4 L. What is the final temperature of the gas?

First law of thermodynamics: A container with rigid walls is filled with 4 mol of air with CV = 2.5R. How much does the internal (thermal) energy change if the temperature of the air rises from 16°C to 437°C? The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K.

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Type of thermodynamic processes: The figure (not to scale) shows a pV diagram for 1.8 g of helium gas (He) that undergoes the process 1 → 2 → 3. Find the value of V₃. The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K = 0.0821 L ∙ atm/mol ∙ K, and the atomic weight of helium is 4.0 g/mol.

Type of thermodynamic processes: The figure shows a pV diagram for 0.0066 mol of gas that undergoes the process 1 → 2 → 3. What is the pressure p₂? The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K = 0.0821 L ∙ atm/mol ∙ K.

Molar heat capacities: A compression, at a constant pressure of 190 kPa, is performed on 5.0 moles of an ideal monatomic gas. The compression reduces the volume of the gas from to The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K.The work done by the gas is closest to

First law of thermodynamics: A container with rigid walls is filled with 4 mol of air with C_V = 2.5R. How much does the internal (thermal) energy change if the temperature of the air rises from 16°C to 437°C? The ideal gas constant is R = 8.314 J/mol ∙ K.