Question 1

One way in which single-subject research is like most other experimental designs is that ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) ​means are compared with traditional tests for significance 
B) ​pre- and post-test scores are always compared 
C) they provide detailed descriptions of single individuals 
D) ​they are capable of determining cause and effect relationships 
A) ​means are compared with traditional tests for significance 
B) ​pre- and post-test scores are always compared 
C) they provide detailed descriptions of single individuals 
D) ​they are capable of determining cause and effect relationships

Question 2

A multiple-baseline design requires that the targeted behavior return to baseline levels when the treatment is removed.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Describe how single-case designs are similar to descriptive case studies and quasi-experimental time-series designs.​

Accepted Answer

Single-case designs are similar to case

Question 4

When a treatment is expected to have long lasting effects,a multiple-baseline design is the most appropriate single-subject design.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

In a graph of single-subject research data,a clear indication of a treatment effect is a ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) ​delay between the time the phase is changed and the time behavior begins to change 
B) ​large, immediate change in pattern 
C) continuation of the same average level from one phase to the next 
D) ​gradual change in behavior 
A) ​delay between the time the phase is changed and the time behavior begins to change 
B) ​large, immediate change in pattern 
C) continuation of the same average level from one phase to the next 
D) ​gradual change in behavior

Question 6

The phase in a single-subject research design,during which the treatment is absent is called the ____ phase.​

Accepted Answer

A) ​experimental 
B) ​treatment 
C) baseline 
D) ​replication 
A) ​experimental 
B) ​treatment 
C) baseline 
D) ​replication

Question 7

In most research studies,statistical techniques are used to rule out chance as a plausible explanation for the results.In single-subject research,how is chance (or coincidence)ruled out as a plausible explanation for the observed treatment effects?​

Accepted Answer

In single-subject research,chance is rul

Question 8

In a graph of the results from an ABAB reversal design,which feature justifies a conclusion that the treatment causes changes in behavior?​

Accepted Answer

A) ​the size of the change in behavior when the treatment is first introduced 
B) ​the time delay between the introduction of the treatment and the first change in magnitude of change 
C) a permanent change in behavior that continues even after the treatment is withdrawn 
D) ​repeatedly demonstrating that behavior changes consistently when the treatment is introduced, withdrawn, and introduced again 
A) ​the size of the change in behavior when the treatment is first introduced 
B) ​the time delay between the introduction of the treatment and the first change in magnitude of change 
C) a permanent change in behavior that continues even after the treatment is withdrawn 
D) ​repeatedly demonstrating that behavior changes consistently when the treatment is introduced, withdrawn, and introduced again

Question 9

The credibility of any causal conclusions drawn using the ABAB design depends largely on the ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) ​the intensity of the treatment 
B) ​the stability of behavioral change when the treatment is first introduced 
C) the stability of behavioral change when the treatment is reintroduced 
D) ​the return to baseline component 
A) ​the intensity of the treatment 
B) ​the stability of behavioral change when the treatment is first introduced 
C) the stability of behavioral change when the treatment is reintroduced 
D) ​the return to baseline component

Question 10

The different baselines in a multiple-baseline design can be defined by two or more ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) ​different treatments 
B) ​different behaviors 
C) different observers 
D) ​assessment instruments 
A) ​different treatments 
B) ​different behaviors 
C) different observers 
D) ​assessment instruments

Question 11

In single-subject research,a group of observations of the same individual under the same conditions is known as a ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) ​time series 
B) ​phase 
C) sequence 
D) ​data set 
A) ​time series 
B) ​phase 
C) sequence 
D) ​data set

Question 12

A treatment phase is defined as ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) ​a series of observations made when a treatment is being administered 
B) ​the first observation made after a treatment is administered 
C) the amount of change between the final observation before treatment and the first observation after treatment 
D) ​the boundary between pre-treatment observations and post-treatment observations 
A) ​a series of observations made when a treatment is being administered 
B) ​the first observation made after a treatment is administered 
C) the amount of change between the final observation before treatment and the first observation after treatment 
D) ​the boundary between pre-treatment observations and post-treatment observations

Question 13

Averaging over two or three consecutive observations is one method for dealing with ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) ​trends in the data 
B) ​phase changes 
C) unstable data 
D) ​a treatment that has a relatively small effect 
A) ​trends in the data 
B) ​phase changes 
C) unstable data 
D) ​a treatment that has a relatively small effect

Question 14

In a single-subject design when no treatment is being administered,the observations are called ____ observations.​

Accepted Answer

A) ​no-treatment 
B) ​baseline 
C) treatment 
D) ​random 
A) ​no-treatment 
B) ​baseline 
C) treatment 
D) ​random

Question 15

Dr.Mendezis trying to reduce Tamar's "talk out" behaviors,first at school and then at home.Which research design is she most likely to use?​

Accepted Answer

A) ​ABAB 
B) ​multiple-baseline across behaviors 
C) multiple-baseline across situations 
D) ​multiple-baseline across subjects 
A) ​ABAB 
B) ​multiple-baseline across behaviors 
C) multiple-baseline across situations 
D) ​multiple-baseline across subjects

Question 16

In single-subject research,what is the definition of a phase change?​

Accepted Answer

A) ​the point at which the subject begins to show a response to the treatment 
B) ​the point at which the treatment begins to lose effectiveness 
C) the point at which the treatment is switched from one subject to another 
D) ​a change from baseline to treatment or from treatment to baseline 
A) ​the point at which the subject begins to show a response to the treatment 
B) ​the point at which the treatment begins to lose effectiveness 
C) the point at which the treatment is switched from one subject to another 
D) ​a change from baseline to treatment or from treatment to baseline

Question 17

The second AB in the sequence of an ABAB design provides evidence of ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) ​external validity 
B) ​internal validity 
C) reactivity 
D) ​experimenter bias 
A) ​external validity 
B) ​internal validity 
C) reactivity 
D) ​experimenter bias

Question 18

In a single-subject phase change design,when does a researcher change phases?​

Accepted Answer

A) ​after three observations 
B) ​after five or six observations 
C) when the data show a clear and stable pattern 
D) ​at the beginning of each week 
A) ​after three observations 
B) ​after five or six observations 
C) when the data show a clear and stable pattern 
D) ​at the beginning of each week

Question 19

What name is given to a single-subject design consisting of the following four phases in the order given: baseline,treatment,baseline,treatment?​

Accepted Answer

A) ​BABA design 
B) ​ABA design 
C) ABAB design 
D) ​multiple-baseline design 
A) ​BABA design 
B) ​ABA design 
C) ABAB design 
D) ​multiple-baseline design

Question 20

Ms.Glad,a third-grade teacher,is trying to reduce Joseph's and Jacob's "out of seat behavior." Which research design is she most likely to use?​

Accepted Answer

A) ABAB 
B) ​multiple-baseline across behaviors 
C) multiple-baseline across subjects 
D) ​multiple-baseline across situations 
A) ABAB 
B) ​multiple-baseline across behaviors 
C) multiple-baseline across subjects 
D) ​multiple-baseline across situations

One way in which single-subject research is like most other experimental designs is that ____.

A multiple-baseline design requires that the targeted behavior return to baseline levels when the treatment is removed.

Describe how single-case designs are similar to descriptive case studies and quasi-experimental time-series designs.

When a treatment is expected to have long lasting effects,a multiple-baseline design is the most appropriate single-subject design.

In a graph of single-subject research data,a clear indication of a treatment effect is a ____.

The phase in a single-subject research design,during which the treatment is absent is called the ____ phase.

In most research studies,statistical techniques are used to rule out chance as a plausible explanation for the results.In single-subject research,how is chance (or coincidence)ruled out as a plausible explanation for the observed treatment effects?

In a graph of the results from an ABAB reversal design,which feature justifies a conclusion that the treatment causes changes in behavior?

The credibility of any causal conclusions drawn using the ABAB design depends largely on the ____.

The different baselines in a multiple-baseline design can be defined by two or more ____.

In single-subject research,a group of observations of the same individual under the same conditions is known as a ____.

A treatment phase is defined as ____.

Averaging over two or three consecutive observations is one method for dealing with ____.

In a single-subject design when no treatment is being administered,the observations are called ____ observations.

Dr.Mendezis trying to reduce Tamar's "talk out" behaviors,first at school and then at home.Which research design is she most likely to use?

In single-subject research,what is the definition of a phase change?

The second AB in the sequence of an ABAB design provides evidence of ____.

In a single-subject phase change design,when does a researcher change phases?

What name is given to a single-subject design consisting of the following four phases in the order given: baseline,treatment,baseline,treatment?

Ms.Glad,a third-grade teacher,is trying to reduce Joseph's and Jacob's "out of seat behavior." Which research design is she most likely to use?

Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method.

Research Ideas and Hypotheses.

Defining and Measuring Variables.

Ethics in Research.

Selecting Research Participants.

Research Strategies and Validity.

The Experimental Research Strategy.

Experimental Designs: Between Subjects Design.

Experimental Designs Within Subjects Design.

The Nonexperimental and Quasi-Experimental Strategies: Nonequivalent Group,Pre–Post,and Developmental Designs.

Factorial Designs.

The Correlational Research Strategy.

The Descriptive Research Strategy.

Statistical Evaluation of Data.

Writing an APA-Style Research Report.

Filters

Exam 14: Single-Subject Research Designs.