Exam 9: Experimental Designs Within Subjects Design.

For a within-subjects experiment,one advantage of a two-treatment design compared to a multiple-treatment design is that it is easier to counterbalance.

In comparison to a multiple-treatment design,a two-treatment,within subjects design has ____.

A Latin square design is used to determine the order of treatments that will be used in a within-subjects experiment comparing five treatments labeled A,B,C,D,and E.How many groups of participants will receive treatment E as the first treatment?

Describe a matched-subjects design and explain how this design attempts to avoid the major problems that exist with a between-subject design and a within-subjects design.

What is a time-related threat to internal validity for a within-subjects experiment?

Describe the limitations or problems that can occur with counterbalancing.

When one treatment condition has a lasting effect on individuals and influences their scores in future treatments,the study is confounded by ____.

A researcher is evaluating the changes in performance that occur during a six-week training program.Participants are observed at the beginning and at the end of the program and the researcher rates each individual's level of performance.When the researcher's standards for rating performance change from the first observation to the last,then the internal validity of the study is threatened by ____.

If one or more of the treatments in an experiment is expected to have a large and long-lasting effect that could influence the participants' scores in later treatments,the best strategy is to use a between-subjects design.

Which manipulation of the time period between treatment conditions reduces the chances of history influencing the results of a within-subjects experiment?

During the first treatment condition of a within-subjects experiment,the participants learn a new skill that helps improve their performance in later treatment conditions.For this study,the internal validity is threatened by ____.

Order effects can become a confounding variable because ____.

If the measurement device changes during the course of a within-subjects study so that the participants' scores are influenced,internal validity is threatened by statistical regression.

One disadvantage of within-subject designs is that they tend to require more participants than are needed for between-subject designs.

Identify two time-related factors that can threaten the internal validity of a within-subjects research study.In each case,explain how the factor could be a confounding variable.

The effect of counterbalancing is to eliminate order effects.

In a within-subjects study that extends over a relatively long time,it is possible that there will be systematic changes in the participants' skills or knowledge during the time of the study.When these changes influence the participants' scores,causing scores at the end of the study to be different from scores at the beginning,the effect is called ____.

In a within-subjects design,the term "participant attrition" refers to the possibility that ____.

Which best describes counterbalancing?

The tendency for extremely high scores on one measurement to be followed by lower scores on a second measurement is called statistical regression.