Exam 9: Experimental Designs Within Subjects Design.

In a study with a group of individuals being tested in a series of treatment conditions that extends over a relatively long time,it is possible that there will be systematic changes in the participants' physiology or psychology that occur during the time of the study.When these changes influence the participants' scores,causing scores at the end of the study to be different from scores at the beginning,the effect is called ____.

For an experiment comparing two treatment conditions,there will be ____ score(s)for each participant if a within-subjects design is used and there will be ____ score(s)for each participant if a between-subjects design is used.

A matched-subjects design attempts to eliminate the problems associated with ____ that are a concern for between-subjects designs and also eliminate the problems associated with ____ that are a concern for within-subjects designs.

The larger the number of treatment conditions,the easier it is to completely counterbalance them.

When a group of individuals is tested in a series of treatment conditions over time,which factor can cause progressive improvement in performance from treatment to treatment and thus provide an alternative explanation for the results?

Counterbalancing involves having different groups of participants move through the series of treatments in different orders.

In studies with a group of individuals being tested in a series of treatment conditions,factors such as history,instrumentation,and maturation threaten ____.

For an experiment that compares two treatment conditions with ten scores in each treatment,which design would require the smallest number of participants?

The most appropriate hypothesis test for a within-subjects design that compares three treatment conditions is a(n)____.

Describe the process of counterbalancing and explain how this process reduces the risk of problems from order effects.​

Which research design involves measuring the same group of participants in two different treatment conditions?

Within-subjects designs are most useful when individual differences are ____.

The goal of counterbalancing is to limit the possibility that order effects become a confounding variable.

Using a Latin square to counterbalance a within-subjects experiment ensures that every possible ordering of treatment conditions is used.

In a within-subjects research study,factors that change over time,such as history and maturation,can be threats to ____.

The tendency for individuals who have extreme scores (high or low)on one measurement and to have less extreme scores on a second measurement is called ____.

A Latin square is used with _____.

For a within-subjects study comparing two treatments,A and B,a researcher expects that practice in the first treatment will improve the participants' scores in the second treatment.If the order of treatments is counterbalanced,then the practice will ____.

Randomly assigning participants to treatment conditions is not a part of within-subjects experiments.

In a within-subjects experiment comparing two treatments,the researcher is concerned that the results may be confounded by outside events that occur between the first and second treatments.One way to reduce the likelihood that internal validity will be influenced by an outside event is to ____.