Question 1

Holding a participant characteristic (such as age or gender)constant strengthens ____ and?weakens ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​internal validity; external validity 
B) ​external validity; internal validity 
C) reliability; validity 
D) ​accuracy; reliability 
A) ​internal validity; external validity 
B) ​external validity; internal validity 
C) reliability; validity 
D) ​accuracy; reliability

Question 2

A disadvantage of holding a variable constant is that it limits an experiment's external validity.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Differential attrition can threaten the internal validity of a between-subjects experiment.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

In an experiment examining the effects of size of plate on amount of food eaten,one group of participants is measured after eating food on 12 inch plates.A week later,the same group of participants is measured after eating food on 10 inch plates.This is an example of a ____ design.​

Accepted Answer

A) ​single-subjects 
B) ​between-subjects 
C) within-subjects 
D) ​matched groups 
A) ​single-subjects 
B) ​between-subjects 
C) within-subjects 
D) ​matched groups

Question 5

Compensatory equalization occurs when ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​an untreated group learns of the treatment received by another group and then works extra hard to show that they can perform just as well as individuals receiving the treatment 
B) ​an untreated group learns of the treatment received by another group and then demands the same treatment 
C) an untreated group learns of the treatment received by another group and then becomes less motivated 
D) ​participants withdraw from a research study before it is completed 
A) ​an untreated group learns of the treatment received by another group and then works extra hard to show that they can perform just as well as individuals receiving the treatment 
B) ​an untreated group learns of the treatment received by another group and then demands the same treatment 
C) an untreated group learns of the treatment received by another group and then becomes less motivated 
D) ​participants withdraw from a research study before it is completed

Question 6

Because random assignment is likely to create groups of different sizes,researchers often employ ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) ​restricted random assignment 
B) ​matched random assignment 
C) simple random assignment 
D) ​sampling 
A) ​restricted random assignment 
B) ​matched random assignment 
C) simple random assignment 
D) ​sampling

Question 7

One advantage of a between-subjects design is that each score is completely independent of the other scores in the data.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Researchers typically try to ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​increase the differences between treatments and decrease the variance within treatments 
B) ​decrease the differences between treatments and increase the variance within treatments 
C) increase the differences between treatments and increase the variance within treatments 
D) ​decrease the differences between treatments and decrease the variance within treatments 
A) ​increase the differences between treatments and decrease the variance within treatments 
B) ​decrease the differences between treatments and increase the variance within treatments 
C) increase the differences between treatments and increase the variance within treatments 
D) ​decrease the differences between treatments and decrease the variance within treatments

Question 9

In a between-subjects experimental design,individual differences can become a confounding variable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

For a between-subjects experiment,any factor that increases the variance within treatments also increases the likelihood of finding a significant difference between treatments.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

An advantage of holding a variable constant rather than using random assignment to form your groups is that holding a variable constant ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​reduces error due to participant differences 
B) ​is easier than randomization 
C) prevents confounding 
D) ​ensures a nonbiased sample 
A) ​reduces error due to participant differences 
B) ​is easier than randomization 
C) prevents confounding 
D) ​ensures a nonbiased sample

Question 12

When ____ occurs in a between-subjects experiment,it is impossible to determine whether differences between groups are caused by the treatments or by participant characteristics.

Accepted Answer

A) ​fatigue 
B) ​practice 
C) assignment bias 
D) ​resentful demoralization 
A) ​fatigue 
B) ​practice 
C) assignment bias 
D) ​resentful demoralization

Question 13

Create an example of a between-subjects experiment.Identify the independent and dependent variables and briefly describe the experiment.Indicate the number of levels of the independent variable and identify them.​

Accepted Answer

​Student Answers will vary but should al

Question 14

An advantage of a between-subject design is that ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) ​scores are influenced by practice effects 
B) ​scores are influenced by fatigue 
C) each score is independent of all the other scores 
D) ​they require large numbers of participants 
A) ​scores are influenced by practice effects 
B) ​scores are influenced by fatigue 
C) each score is independent of all the other scores 
D) ​they require large numbers of participants

Question 15

Which statement best characterizes a between-subjects experimental design?

Accepted Answer

A) ​Participants are randomly selected from two different populations. 
B) ​Each participant is assigned to one condition of the experiment. 
C) Each participant is assigned to every condition of the experiment. 
D) ​Participants are assigned to a random number of conditions. 
A) ​Participants are randomly selected from two different populations. 
B) ​Each participant is assigned to one condition of the experiment. 
C) Each participant is assigned to every condition of the experiment. 
D) ​Participants are assigned to a random number of conditions.

Question 16

Which has the effect of reducing variance?

Accepted Answer

A) ​random assignment 
B) ​matched assignment 
C) holding variables constant 
D) ​random selection 
A) ​random assignment 
B) ​matched assignment 
C) holding variables constant 
D) ​random selection

Question 17

In a between-subjects experiment,one way to reduce the variance within treatments is to create more homogeneous groups by holding constant a participant characteristic such as age or gender.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

What is the most common statistical analysis for a single-factor multiple-group design?​

Accepted Answer

A) ​ANOVA 
B) ​independent-measures t test 
C) repeated-measures t test 
D) ​regression 
A) ​ANOVA 
B) ​independent-measures t test 
C) repeated-measures t test 
D) ​regression

Question 19

In a between-subjects design,large individual differences can produce ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​large between-treatment differences, making it easier to see real treatment effects 
B) ​small within-treatment variance, making it easier to see real treatment effects 
C) large within-treatment variance, making it difficult to see real treatment effects 
D) ​small between-treatment difference, making it difficult to see real treatment effects 
A) ​large between-treatment differences, making it easier to see real treatment effects 
B) ​small within-treatment variance, making it easier to see real treatment effects 
C) large within-treatment variance, making it difficult to see real treatment effects 
D) ​small between-treatment difference, making it difficult to see real treatment effects

Question 20

A between-subjects experiment comparing three treatments requires three separate groups of participants.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Holding a participant characteristic (such as age or gender)constant strengthens and?weakens .

A disadvantage of holding a variable constant is that it limits an experiment's external validity.

Differential attrition can threaten the internal validity of a between-subjects experiment.

In an experiment examining the effects of size of plate on amount of food eaten,one group of participants is measured after eating food on 12 inch plates.A week later,the same group of participants is measured after eating food on 10 inch plates.This is an example of a ____ design.

Compensatory equalization occurs when ____.

Because random assignment is likely to create groups of different sizes,researchers often employ ____.

One advantage of a between-subjects design is that each score is completely independent of the other scores in the data.

Researchers typically try to ____.

In a between-subjects experimental design,individual differences can become a confounding variable.

For a between-subjects experiment,any factor that increases the variance within treatments also increases the likelihood of finding a significant difference between treatments.

An advantage of holding a variable constant rather than using random assignment to form your groups is that holding a variable constant ____.

When ____ occurs in a between-subjects experiment,it is impossible to determine whether differences between groups are caused by the treatments or by participant characteristics.

Create an example of a between-subjects experiment.Identify the independent and dependent variables and briefly describe the experiment.Indicate the number of levels of the independent variable and identify them.

An advantage of a between-subject design is that ____.

Which statement best characterizes a between-subjects experimental design?

Which has the effect of reducing variance?

In a between-subjects experiment,one way to reduce the variance within treatments is to create more homogeneous groups by holding constant a participant characteristic such as age or gender.

What is the most common statistical analysis for a single-factor multiple-group design?

In a between-subjects design,large individual differences can produce ____.

A between-subjects experiment comparing three treatments requires three separate groups of participants.

Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method.

Research Ideas and Hypotheses.

Defining and Measuring Variables.

Ethics in Research.

Selecting Research Participants.

Research Strategies and Validity.

The Experimental Research Strategy.

Experimental Designs Within Subjects Design.

The Nonexperimental and Quasi-Experimental Strategies: Nonequivalent Group,Pre–Post,and Developmental Designs.

Factorial Designs.

The Correlational Research Strategy.

The Descriptive Research Strategy.

Single-Subject Research Designs.

Statistical Evaluation of Data.

Writing an APA-Style Research Report.

Filters

Exam 8: Experimental Designs: Between Subjects Design.

Holding a participant characteristic (such as age or gender)constant strengthens ____ and?weakens ____.

A disadvantage of holding a variable constant is that it limits an experiment's external validity.​

Differential attrition can threaten the internal validity of a between-subjects experiment.​

In an experiment examining the effects of size of plate on amount of food eaten,one group of participants is measured after eating food on 12 inch plates.A week later,the same group of participants is measured after eating food on 10 inch plates.This is an example of a ____ design.​

Compensatory equalization occurs when ____.

Because random assignment is likely to create groups of different sizes,researchers often employ ____.​

One advantage of a between-subjects design is that each score is completely independent of the other scores in the data.

Researchers typically try to ____.

In a between-subjects experimental design,individual differences can become a confounding variable.

For a between-subjects experiment,any factor that increases the variance within treatments also increases the likelihood of finding a significant difference between treatments.​

An advantage of holding a variable constant rather than using random assignment to form your groups is that holding a variable constant ____.

When ____ occurs in a between-subjects experiment,it is impossible to determine whether differences between groups are caused by the treatments or by participant characteristics.

Create an example of a between-subjects experiment.Identify the independent and dependent variables and briefly describe the experiment.Indicate the number of levels of the independent variable and identify them.​

An advantage of a between-subject design is that ____.​

Which statement best characterizes a between-subjects experimental design?

Which has the effect of reducing variance?

In a between-subjects experiment,one way to reduce the variance within treatments is to create more homogeneous groups by holding constant a participant characteristic such as age or gender.​

What is the most common statistical analysis for a single-factor multiple-group design?​

In a between-subjects design,large individual differences can produce ____.

A between-subjects experiment comparing three treatments requires three separate groups of participants.​

Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method.

Research Ideas and Hypotheses.

Defining and Measuring Variables.

Ethics in Research.

Selecting Research Participants.

Research Strategies and Validity.

The Experimental Research Strategy.

Experimental Designs Within Subjects Design.

The Nonexperimental and Quasi-Experimental Strategies: Nonequivalent Group,Pre–Post,and Developmental Designs.

Factorial Designs.

The Correlational Research Strategy.

The Descriptive Research Strategy.

Single-Subject Research Designs.

Statistical Evaluation of Data.

Writing an APA-Style Research Report.

Filters

Holding a participant characteristic (such as age or gender)constant strengthens and?weakens .

A disadvantage of holding a variable constant is that it limits an experiment's external validity.

Differential attrition can threaten the internal validity of a between-subjects experiment.

In an experiment examining the effects of size of plate on amount of food eaten,one group of participants is measured after eating food on 12 inch plates.A week later,the same group of participants is measured after eating food on 10 inch plates.This is an example of a ____ design.

Because random assignment is likely to create groups of different sizes,researchers often employ ____.

For a between-subjects experiment,any factor that increases the variance within treatments also increases the likelihood of finding a significant difference between treatments.

Create an example of a between-subjects experiment.Identify the independent and dependent variables and briefly describe the experiment.Indicate the number of levels of the independent variable and identify them.

An advantage of a between-subject design is that ____.

In a between-subjects experiment,one way to reduce the variance within treatments is to create more homogeneous groups by holding constant a participant characteristic such as age or gender.

What is the most common statistical analysis for a single-factor multiple-group design?

A between-subjects experiment comparing three treatments requires three separate groups of participants.