Question 1

Validity is threatened in a between-subjects design when participants in one group have an opportunity to talk with participants in the other.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

Differential attrition refers to ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​differences in one group of participants from another group 
B) ​differences in the number of withdrawals among experimental groups 
C) the spreading of treatment effects from the experimental to the control group 
D) ​the demands of the untreated group to receive equal treatment 
A) ​differences in one group of participants from another group 
B) ​differences in the number of withdrawals among experimental groups 
C) the spreading of treatment effects from the experimental to the control group 
D) ​the demands of the untreated group to receive equal treatment

Question 3

Compared to within-subjects designs,between-subjects designs require relatively ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​larger numbers of participants 
B) ​smaller numbers of participants 
C) less control of individual difference 
D) ​more concern for practice effects 
A) ​larger numbers of participants 
B) ​smaller numbers of participants 
C) less control of individual difference 
D) ​more concern for practice effects

Question 4

Why is random assignment used in between-subjects experimental designs?​

Accepted Answer

A) ​to hold participant characteristics constant 
B) ​to ensure a nonbiased sample 
C) to ensure anonymity of the research participants 
D) ​to eliminate systematic differences between the groups 
A) ​to hold participant characteristics constant 
B) ​to ensure a nonbiased sample 
C) to ensure anonymity of the research participants 
D) ​to eliminate systematic differences between the groups

Question 5

In a between-subjects design,holding constant a participant characteristic,such as age or gender,is one way to ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​reduce the variance within treatments 
B) ​maximize the variance within treatments 
C) ​increase individual differences. 
D) ​increase sample size 
A) ​reduce the variance within treatments 
B) ​maximize the variance within treatments 
C) ​increase individual differences. 
D) ​increase sample size

Question 6

When comparing means in a single-factor multiple group design,which statistical analysis is most appropriate?

Accepted Answer

A) ​independent-measures t test 
B) ​repeated-measures t test 
C) single-factor analysis of variance 
D) ​chi-square test for independence 
A) ​independent-measures t test 
B) ​repeated-measures t test 
C) single-factor analysis of variance 
D) ​chi-square test for independence

Question 7

In a between-subjects experiment,if the participants in one group are noticeably older than the participants in another group,then participant age is a confounding variable and threatens the internal validity of the experiment.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

In an experiment examining the effects of size of plate on amount of food eaten,one group of participants is measured after eating food on 12-inch plates.Another group of participants is measured after eating food on 10-inch plates.This is an example of a ____ design.​

Accepted Answer

A) ​single-subjects 
B) ​between-subjects 
C) within-subjects 
D) ​matched groups 
A) ​single-subjects 
B) ​between-subjects 
C) within-subjects 
D) ​matched groups

Question 9

A limitation of a single-factor multiple group design is that the ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​mean differences between the groups become smaller as more groups are used 
B) ​interpretation is too simplistic 
C) chances of demonstrating a significant mean difference are increased 
D) ​complete picture of the relationship between the variables cannot be seen 
A) ​mean differences between the groups become smaller as more groups are used 
B) ​interpretation is too simplistic 
C) chances of demonstrating a significant mean difference are increased 
D) ​complete picture of the relationship between the variables cannot be seen

Question 10

Assignment bias can threaten the internal validity of between-subjects experiments.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

An advantage of between-subjects designs is that they require fewer participants than are typically needed for within-subjects designs.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

An experiment that uses a different group of participants for each treatment condition is called a ____ design.​

Accepted Answer

A) ​single-subjects 
B) ​between-subjects 
C) within-subject 
D) ​matched groups 
A) ​single-subjects 
B) ​between-subjects 
C) within-subject 
D) ​matched groups

Question 13

Explain the benefit of independent scores in a between-subjects design.​

Accepted Answer

​In a between-subjects design,each parti

Question 14

Increasing variance within groups ____ the likelihood of finding a difference between the treatment conditions.

Accepted Answer

A) ​increases 
B) ​decreases 
C) does not affect 
D) ​increase, then decreases 
A) ​increases 
B) ​decreases 
C) does not affect 
D) ​increase, then decreases

Question 15

In a between-subjects design,to compare proportions between groups,an independent-measures t test is appropriate.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Randomizing a variable across treatments guarantees that the variable cannot become a confounding variable.​

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

In a between-subjects design,the separate groups must be as ____.​

Accepted Answer

A) ​similar in participant characteristics as possible 
B) ​different in all environmental variables as possible 
C) similar in treatment conditions as possible 
D) ​similar on the dependent variable measures as possible. 
A) ​similar in participant characteristics as possible 
B) ​different in all environmental variables as possible 
C) similar in treatment conditions as possible 
D) ​similar on the dependent variable measures as possible.

Question 18

Holding a variable constant prevents a participant characteristic from becoming a confound by ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​eliminating variability in that characteristic 
B) ​reducing error 
C) ensuring a nonbiased sample 
D) ​increasing the differences between the groups 
A) ​eliminating variability in that characteristic 
B) ​reducing error 
C) ensuring a nonbiased sample 
D) ​increasing the differences between the groups

Question 19

The primary limitation of a two-group design is that it ____.

Accepted Answer

A) ​is extremely difficult to interpret 
B) ​decreases the chances of demonstrating a significant mean difference 
C) tends to reduce the differences between the groups 
D) ​may not provide a complete picture of the relationship between the variables 
A) ​is extremely difficult to interpret 
B) ​decreases the chances of demonstrating a significant mean difference 
C) tends to reduce the differences between the groups 
D) ​may not provide a complete picture of the relationship between the variables

Question 20

In a between-subjects experiment,when the process of assigning participants to the treatment conditions produces groups with different characteristics,the ____of the study is threatened.​

Accepted Answer

A) ​internal validity 
B) ​external validity 
C) reliability 
D) ​accuracy 
A) ​internal validity 
B) ​external validity 
C) reliability 
D) ​accuracy

Validity is threatened in a between-subjects design when participants in one group have an opportunity to talk with participants in the other.

Differential attrition refers to ____.

Compared to within-subjects designs,between-subjects designs require relatively ____.

Why is random assignment used in between-subjects experimental designs?

In a between-subjects design,holding constant a participant characteristic,such as age or gender,is one way to ____.

When comparing means in a single-factor multiple group design,which statistical analysis is most appropriate?

In a between-subjects experiment,if the participants in one group are noticeably older than the participants in another group,then participant age is a confounding variable and threatens the internal validity of the experiment.

In an experiment examining the effects of size of plate on amount of food eaten,one group of participants is measured after eating food on 12-inch plates.Another group of participants is measured after eating food on 10-inch plates.This is an example of a ____ design.

A limitation of a single-factor multiple group design is that the ____.

Assignment bias can threaten the internal validity of between-subjects experiments.

An advantage of between-subjects designs is that they require fewer participants than are typically needed for within-subjects designs.

An experiment that uses a different group of participants for each treatment condition is called a ____ design.

Explain the benefit of independent scores in a between-subjects design.

Increasing variance within groups ____ the likelihood of finding a difference between the treatment conditions.

In a between-subjects design,to compare proportions between groups,an independent-measures t test is appropriate.

Randomizing a variable across treatments guarantees that the variable cannot become a confounding variable.

In a between-subjects design,the separate groups must be as ____.

Holding a variable constant prevents a participant characteristic from becoming a confound by ____.

The primary limitation of a two-group design is that it ____.

In a between-subjects experiment,when the process of assigning participants to the treatment conditions produces groups with different characteristics,the ____of the study is threatened.

Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method.

Research Ideas and Hypotheses.

Defining and Measuring Variables.

Ethics in Research.

Selecting Research Participants.

Research Strategies and Validity.

The Experimental Research Strategy.

Experimental Designs Within Subjects Design.

The Nonexperimental and Quasi-Experimental Strategies: Nonequivalent Group,Pre–Post,and Developmental Designs.

Factorial Designs.

The Correlational Research Strategy.

The Descriptive Research Strategy.

Single-Subject Research Designs.

Statistical Evaluation of Data.

Writing an APA-Style Research Report.

Filters

Exam 8: Experimental Designs: Between Subjects Design.

Validity is threatened in a between-subjects design when participants in one group have an opportunity to talk with participants in the other.

Differential attrition refers to ____.

Compared to within-subjects designs,between-subjects designs require relatively ____.

Why is random assignment used in between-subjects experimental designs?​

In a between-subjects design,holding constant a participant characteristic,such as age or gender,is one way to ____.

When comparing means in a single-factor multiple group design,which statistical analysis is most appropriate?

In a between-subjects experiment,if the participants in one group are noticeably older than the participants in another group,then participant age is a confounding variable and threatens the internal validity of the experiment.​

In an experiment examining the effects of size of plate on amount of food eaten,one group of participants is measured after eating food on 12-inch plates.Another group of participants is measured after eating food on 10-inch plates.This is an example of a ____ design.​

A limitation of a single-factor multiple group design is that the ____.

Assignment bias can threaten the internal validity of between-subjects experiments.​

An advantage of between-subjects designs is that they require fewer participants than are typically needed for within-subjects designs.​

An experiment that uses a different group of participants for each treatment condition is called a ____ design.​

Explain the benefit of independent scores in a between-subjects design.​

Increasing variance within groups ____ the likelihood of finding a difference between the treatment conditions.

In a between-subjects design,to compare proportions between groups,an independent-measures t test is appropriate.​

Randomizing a variable across treatments guarantees that the variable cannot become a confounding variable.​

In a between-subjects design,the separate groups must be as ____.​

Holding a variable constant prevents a participant characteristic from becoming a confound by ____.

The primary limitation of a two-group design is that it ____.

In a between-subjects experiment,when the process of assigning participants to the treatment conditions produces groups with different characteristics,the ____of the study is threatened.​

Introduction, Acquiring Knowledge, and the Scientific Method.

Research Ideas and Hypotheses.

Defining and Measuring Variables.

Ethics in Research.

Selecting Research Participants.

Research Strategies and Validity.

The Experimental Research Strategy.

Experimental Designs Within Subjects Design.

The Nonexperimental and Quasi-Experimental Strategies: Nonequivalent Group,Pre–Post,and Developmental Designs.

Factorial Designs.

The Correlational Research Strategy.

The Descriptive Research Strategy.

Single-Subject Research Designs.

Statistical Evaluation of Data.

Writing an APA-Style Research Report.

Filters

Why is random assignment used in between-subjects experimental designs?

In a between-subjects experiment,if the participants in one group are noticeably older than the participants in another group,then participant age is a confounding variable and threatens the internal validity of the experiment.

In an experiment examining the effects of size of plate on amount of food eaten,one group of participants is measured after eating food on 12-inch plates.Another group of participants is measured after eating food on 10-inch plates.This is an example of a ____ design.

Assignment bias can threaten the internal validity of between-subjects experiments.

An advantage of between-subjects designs is that they require fewer participants than are typically needed for within-subjects designs.

An experiment that uses a different group of participants for each treatment condition is called a ____ design.

Explain the benefit of independent scores in a between-subjects design.

In a between-subjects design,to compare proportions between groups,an independent-measures t test is appropriate.

Randomizing a variable across treatments guarantees that the variable cannot become a confounding variable.

In a between-subjects design,the separate groups must be as ____.

In a between-subjects experiment,when the process of assigning participants to the treatment conditions produces groups with different characteristics,the ____of the study is threatened.