Question 1

Choose the correct match of glial cell type and function.

Accepted Answer

A)  astrocytes-metabolize neurotransmitters and modulate synaptic effectiveness 
B)  oligodendrocytes-produce the myelin sheaths of myelinated neurons in the peripheral nervous system 
C)  microglia-produce the myelin sheaths of myelinated neurons in the central nervous system 
D)  radial glia-the source of immunoprotection against pathogens. 
E)  Schwann cells-provide nutritional support to non-myelinated neurons 
A)  astrocytes-metabolize neurotransmitters and modulate synaptic effectiveness 
B)  oligodendrocytes-produce the myelin sheaths of myelinated neurons in the peripheral nervous system 
C)  microglia-produce the myelin sheaths of myelinated neurons in the central nervous system 
D)  radial glia-the source of immunoprotection against pathogens. 
E)  Schwann cells-provide nutritional support to non-myelinated neurons

Question 2

The divisions of the nervous system that have antagonistic, or opposing, actions are

Accepted Answer

A)  motor and sensory systems. 
B)  sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. 
C)  presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes. 
D)  forebrain and hindbrain. 
E)  central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. 
A)  motor and sensory systems. 
B)  sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. 
C)  presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes. 
D)  forebrain and hindbrain. 
E)  central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.

Question 3

The telencephalon region of the developing brain of a mammal

Accepted Answer

A)  develops as the neural tube differentiates. 
B)  develops from the midbrain. 
C)  is the brain region most like that of ancestral vertebrates. 
D)  gives rise to the cerebrum. 
E)  divides further into the metencephalon and myelencephalon. 
A)  develops as the neural tube differentiates. 
B)  develops from the midbrain. 
C)  is the brain region most like that of ancestral vertebrates. 
D)  gives rise to the cerebrum. 
E)  divides further into the metencephalon and myelencephalon.

Question 4

The human knee-jerk reflex requires an intact

Accepted Answer

A)  spinal cord. 
B)  hypothalamus. 
C)  corpus callosum. 
D)  cerebellum. 
E)  medulla. 
A)  spinal cord. 
B)  hypothalamus. 
C)  corpus callosum. 
D)  cerebellum. 
E)  medulla.

Question 5

Which of the following shows a brain structure correctly paired with one of its primary functions?

Accepted Answer

A)  frontal lobe-decision making 
B)  occipital lobe-control of skeletal muscles 
C)  temporal lobe-visual processing 
D)  cerebellum-language comprehension 
E)  occipital lobe-speech production 
A)  frontal lobe-decision making 
B)  occipital lobe-control of skeletal muscles 
C)  temporal lobe-visual processing 
D)  cerebellum-language comprehension 
E)  occipital lobe-speech production

Question 6

Although an exact count is not available, it is likely that the human brain has as many as

Accepted Answer

A)  10,000 neurons. 
B)  500,000 neurons. 
C)  1 million neurons. 
D)  10 million neurons. 
E)  100 billion neurons. 
A)  10,000 neurons. 
B)  500,000 neurons. 
C)  1 million neurons. 
D)  10 million neurons. 
E)  100 billion neurons.

Question 7

The limbic system in the central nervous system sustains many vegetative functions in mammals and is closely associated with structures that process cues about

Accepted Answer

A)  gustation. 
B)  olfaction. 
C)  vision. 
D)  audition. 
E)  mechanosensation. 
A)  gustation. 
B)  olfaction. 
C)  vision. 
D)  audition. 
E)  mechanosensation.

Question 8

Which of the following structures are correctly paired?

Accepted Answer

A)  forebrain and medulla oblongata 
B)  forebrain and cerebellum 
C)  midbrain and cerebrum 
D)  hindbrain and cerebellum 
E)  brainstem and anterior pituitary gland 
A)  forebrain and medulla oblongata 
B)  forebrain and cerebellum 
C)  midbrain and cerebrum 
D)  hindbrain and cerebellum 
E)  brainstem and anterior pituitary gland

Question 9

Refer to the following illustration of the limbic system to help answer the next few questions.
  
-In the figure, which letter points to the olfactory bulb?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 10

The endogenous nature of biological rhythms is based on the observations that animals isolated from light and dark cues

Accepted Answer

A)  continue to have cycles of exactly 24 hours' duration. 
B)  continue to have cycles of approximately 24 hours' duration; some more rapid, some slower. 
C)  synchronize activity with whatever lighting cycle is imposed on them. 
D)  cease having any rhythms. 
E)  are independent of any genetic determinants. 
A)  continue to have cycles of exactly 24 hours' duration. 
B)  continue to have cycles of approximately 24 hours' duration; some more rapid, some slower. 
C)  synchronize activity with whatever lighting cycle is imposed on them. 
D)  cease having any rhythms. 
E)  are independent of any genetic determinants.

Question 11

Refer to the following illustration of the limbic system to help answer the next few questions.
  
-In the figure, which letter points to the hippocampus?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 12

Food and water appetites are under the regulatory influence of the

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebrum. 
B)  cerebellum. 
C)  thalamus. 
D)  hypothalamus. 
E)  medulla oblongata. 
A)  cerebrum. 
B)  cerebellum. 
C)  thalamus. 
D)  hypothalamus. 
E)  medulla oblongata.

Question 13

Increased activity in the sympathetic nervous system leads to

Accepted Answer

A)  decreased heart rate. 
B)  increased secretion by the pancreas. 
C)  increased secretion by the gallbladder. 
D)  increased contraction of the stomach. 
E)  relaxation of the airways in the lungs. 
A)  decreased heart rate. 
B)  increased secretion by the pancreas. 
C)  increased secretion by the gallbladder. 
D)  increased contraction of the stomach. 
E)  relaxation of the airways in the lungs.

Question 14

The activation of the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system is associated with

Accepted Answer

A)  resting and digesting. 
B)  release of epinephrine into the blood. 
C)  increased metabolic rate. 
D)  fight-or-flight responses. 
E)  intensive aerobic exercise. 
A)  resting and digesting. 
B)  release of epinephrine into the blood. 
C)  increased metabolic rate. 
D)  fight-or-flight responses. 
E)  intensive aerobic exercise.

Question 15

Hormones that are secreted by the posterior pituitary gland are made in the

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebrum. 
B)  cerebellum. 
C)  thalamus. 
D)  hypothalamus. 
E)  medulla oblongata. 
A)  cerebrum. 
B)  cerebellum. 
C)  thalamus. 
D)  hypothalamus. 
E)  medulla oblongata.

Question 16

The cerebrospinal fluid is

Accepted Answer

A)  a filtrate of the blood. 
B)  a secretion of glial cells. 
C)  a secretion of interneurons. 
D)  cytosol secreted from ependymal cells. 
E)  secreted by the hypothalamus. 
A)  a filtrate of the blood. 
B)  a secretion of glial cells. 
C)  a secretion of interneurons. 
D)  cytosol secreted from ependymal cells. 
E)  secreted by the hypothalamus.

Question 17

The coordination of groups of skeletal muscles is driven by activity in the

Accepted Answer

A)  cerebrum. 
B)  cerebellum. 
C)  thalamus. 
D)  hypothalamus. 
E)  medulla oblongata. 
A)  cerebrum. 
B)  cerebellum. 
C)  thalamus. 
D)  hypothalamus. 
E)  medulla oblongata.

Question 18

The establishment and expression of emotions involves the

Accepted Answer

A)  frontal lobes and limbic system. 
B)  frontal lobes and parietal lobes. 
C)  parietal lobes and limbic system. 
D)  frontal and occipital lobes. 
E)  occipital lobes and limbic system. 
A)  frontal lobes and limbic system. 
B)  frontal lobes and parietal lobes. 
C)  parietal lobes and limbic system. 
D)  frontal and occipital lobes. 
E)  occipital lobes and limbic system.

Question 19

Bipolar disorder differs from schizophrenia in that

Accepted Answer

A)  schizophrenia results in hallucinations. 
B)  schizophrenia results in both manic and depressive states. 
C)  schizophrenia results in decreased dopamine. 
D)  bipolar disorder involves both genes and environment. 
E)  bipolar disorder increases biogenic amines. 
A)  schizophrenia results in hallucinations. 
B)  schizophrenia results in both manic and depressive states. 
C)  schizophrenia results in decreased dopamine. 
D)  bipolar disorder involves both genes and environment. 
E)  bipolar disorder increases biogenic amines.

Question 20

Failure of an embryonic neuron to establish a synaptic connection to another cell

Accepted Answer

A)  converts that neuron to an ependymal cell. 
B)  causes the neuron to migrate to another part of the brain. 
C)  converts that neuron to a glial cell. 
D)  leads to Alzheimer's disease. 
E)  results in the apoptosis of that neuron. 
A)  converts that neuron to an ependymal cell. 
B)  causes the neuron to migrate to another part of the brain. 
C)  converts that neuron to a glial cell. 
D)  leads to Alzheimer's disease. 
E)  results in the apoptosis of that neuron.

Exam 49: Nervous Systems

Choose the correct match of glial cell type and function.

The divisions of the nervous system that have antagonistic, or opposing, actions are

The telencephalon region of the developing brain of a mammal

The human knee-jerk reflex requires an intact

Which of the following shows a brain structure correctly paired with one of its primary functions?

Although an exact count is not available, it is likely that the human brain has as many as

The limbic system in the central nervous system sustains many vegetative functions in mammals and is closely associated with structures that process cues about

Which of the following structures are correctly paired?

Refer to the following illustration of the limbic system to help answer the next few questions. -In the figure, which letter points to the olfactory bulb?

The endogenous nature of biological rhythms is based on the observations that animals isolated from light and dark cues

Refer to the following illustration of the limbic system to help answer the next few questions. -In the figure, which letter points to the hippocampus?

Food and water appetites are under the regulatory influence of the

Increased activity in the sympathetic nervous system leads to

The activation of the parasympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system is associated with

Hormones that are secreted by the posterior pituitary gland are made in the

The cerebrospinal fluid is

The coordination of groups of skeletal muscles is driven by activity in the

The establishment and expression of emotions involves the

Bipolar disorder differs from schizophrenia in that

Failure of an embryonic neuron to establish a synaptic connection to another cell

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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