Question 1

If the apical ectodermal ridge is surgically removed from an embryo, it will lose

Accepted Answer

A)  positional information for limb-bud pattern formation. 
B)  guidance signals needed for correct gastrulation. 
C)  unequal cytokinesis of blastomeres. 
D)  the developmental substrate for the gonads. 
E)  the developmental substrate for the kidneys. 
A)  positional information for limb-bud pattern formation. 
B)  guidance signals needed for correct gastrulation. 
C)  unequal cytokinesis of blastomeres. 
D)  the developmental substrate for the gonads. 
E)  the developmental substrate for the kidneys.

Question 2

Cells transplanted from the neural tube of a frog embryo to the ventral part of another embryo develop into nervous system tissues. This result indicates that the transplanted cells were

Accepted Answer

A)  totipotent. 
B)  determined. 
C)  differentiated. 
D)  mesenchymal. 
E)  apoptotic. 
A)  totipotent. 
B)  determined. 
C)  differentiated. 
D)  mesenchymal. 
E)  apoptotic.

Question 3

The embryonic precursor to the human spinal cord is the

Accepted Answer

A)  notochord. 
B)  neural tube. 
C)  mesoderm. 
D)  archenteron. 
E)  set of bilateral somites. 
A)  notochord. 
B)  neural tube. 
C)  mesoderm. 
D)  archenteron. 
E)  set of bilateral somites.

Question 4

Which of the following is common to the development of both birds and mammals?

Accepted Answer

A)  holoblastic cleavage 
B)  epiblast and hypoblast 
C)  trophoblast 
D)  yolk plug 
E)  gray crescent 
A)  holoblastic cleavage 
B)  epiblast and hypoblast 
C)  trophoblast 
D)  yolk plug 
E)  gray crescent

Question 5

The migratory neural crest cells

Accepted Answer

A)  form most of the central nervous system. 
B)  serve as precursor cells for the notochord. 
C)  form the spinal cord in the frog. 
D)  form neural and non-neural structures in the periphery. 
E)  form the lining of the lungs and of the digestive tract. 
A)  form most of the central nervous system. 
B)  serve as precursor cells for the notochord. 
C)  form the spinal cord in the frog. 
D)  form neural and non-neural structures in the periphery. 
E)  form the lining of the lungs and of the digestive tract.

Question 6

If an amphibian zygote is manipulated so that the first cleavage plane fails to divide the gray crescent, then

Accepted Answer

A)  the daughter cell with the entire gray crescent will die. 
B)  both daughter cells will develop normally because amphibians are totipotent at this stage. 
C)  only the daughter cell with the gray crescent will develop normally. 
D)  both daughter cells will develop abnormally. 
E)  both daughter cells will die immediately. 
A)  the daughter cell with the entire gray crescent will die. 
B)  both daughter cells will develop normally because amphibians are totipotent at this stage. 
C)  only the daughter cell with the gray crescent will develop normally. 
D)  both daughter cells will develop abnormally. 
E)  both daughter cells will die immediately.

Question 7

Use the following information to answer the next few questions.
In a study of the development of frog embryos, researchers stained several early gastrulas with vital dyes and noted the locations of the dyes after gastrulation. The results are shown in the following table.
  
-The endoderm was probably stained with

Accepted Answer

A)  red and yellow colors. 
B)  yellow and green colors. 
C)  green and purple colors. 
D)  blue and yellow colors. 
E)  purple and red colors. 
A)  red and yellow colors. 
B)  yellow and green colors. 
C)  green and purple colors. 
D)  blue and yellow colors. 
E)  purple and red colors.

Question 8

The formation of the fertilization membrane requires an increase in the availability of

Accepted Answer

A)  bicarbonate ions. 
B)  calcium ions. 
C)  hydrogen ions. 
D)  potassium ions. 
E)  sodium ions. 
A)  bicarbonate ions. 
B)  calcium ions. 
C)  hydrogen ions. 
D)  potassium ions. 
E)  sodium ions.

Question 9

Extraembryonic membranes develop in

Accepted Answer

A)  mammals, but not birds or lizards. 
B)  birds, but not mammals or lizards. 
C)  lizards, but not mammals or birds. 
D)  mammals and birds, but not lizards. 
E)  mammals, birds, and lizards. 
A)  mammals, but not birds or lizards. 
B)  birds, but not mammals or lizards. 
C)  lizards, but not mammals or birds. 
D)  mammals and birds, but not lizards. 
E)  mammals, birds, and lizards.

Question 10

Animal cells that are present only for a brief developmental phase will, following completion of that phase, undergo

Accepted Answer

A)  diapause. 
B)  apoptosis 
C)  meiosis. 
D)  oxidative phosphorylation. 
E)  re-differentiation. 
A)  diapause. 
B)  apoptosis 
C)  meiosis. 
D)  oxidative phosphorylation. 
E)  re-differentiation.

Question 11

Animal development compares to plant development in that

Accepted Answer

A)  plant cells, but not animal cells, migrate during morphogenesis. 
B)  animal cells, but not plant cells, migrate during morphogenesis. 
C)  plant cells and animal cells migrate extensively during morphogenesis. 
D)  neither plant cells nor animal cells migrate during morphogenesis. 
E)  plant cells, but not animal cells, undergo convergent extension. 
A)  plant cells, but not animal cells, migrate during morphogenesis. 
B)  animal cells, but not plant cells, migrate during morphogenesis. 
C)  plant cells and animal cells migrate extensively during morphogenesis. 
D)  neither plant cells nor animal cells migrate during morphogenesis. 
E)  plant cells, but not animal cells, undergo convergent extension.

Question 12

The cortical reaction of sea urchin eggs functions directly in

Accepted Answer

A)  the formation of a fertilization envelope. 
B)  the production of a fast block to polyspermy. 
C)  the release of hydrolytic enzymes from the sperm. 
D)  the generation of an electrical impulse by the egg. 
E)  the fusion of egg and sperm nuclei. 
A)  the formation of a fertilization envelope. 
B)  the production of a fast block to polyspermy. 
C)  the release of hydrolytic enzymes from the sperm. 
D)  the generation of an electrical impulse by the egg. 
E)  the fusion of egg and sperm nuclei.

Question 13

The least amount of yolk would be found in the egg of a

Accepted Answer

A)  bird. 
B)  fish. 
C)  frog. 
D)  eutherian (placental) mammal. 
E)  reptile. 
A)  bird. 
B)  fish. 
C)  frog. 
D)  eutherian (placental) mammal. 
E)  reptile.

Question 14

As an embryo develops, new cells are produced as the result of

Accepted Answer

A)  differentiation. 
B)  preformation. 
C)  cell division. 
D)  morphogenesis. 
E)  epigenesis. 
A)  differentiation. 
B)  preformation. 
C)  cell division. 
D)  morphogenesis. 
E)  epigenesis.

Question 15

A human zygote undergoes its first cell division

Accepted Answer

A)  5 seconds after fertilization. 
B)  30 minutes after fertilization. 
C)  90 minutes after fertilization. 
D)  4 hours after fertilization. 
E)  24 hours after fertilization. 
A)  5 seconds after fertilization. 
B)  30 minutes after fertilization. 
C)  90 minutes after fertilization. 
D)  4 hours after fertilization. 
E)  24 hours after fertilization.

Question 16

Which of the following is an adult organism that has fewer than 1,000 cells?

Accepted Answer

A)  chickens, Gallus domesticus 
B)  African clawed frogs, Xenopus laevis 
C)  humans, Homo sapiens 
D)  fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster 
E)  nematodes, Caenorhabditis elegans 
A)  chickens, Gallus domesticus 
B)  African clawed frogs, Xenopus laevis 
C)  humans, Homo sapiens 
D)  fruit flies, Drosophila melanogaster 
E)  nematodes, Caenorhabditis elegans

Question 17

Which of the following is the anatomical axis that is largely symmetrical in both frogs and humans?

Accepted Answer

A)  medial to lateral 
B)  dorsal to ventral 
C)  anterior to posterior 
D)  animal to vegetal 
E)  rostral to caudal 
A)  medial to lateral 
B)  dorsal to ventral 
C)  anterior to posterior 
D)  animal to vegetal 
E)  rostral to caudal

Question 18

The structure of the Drosophila gene called Tinman is similar to a gene in humans that also

Accepted Answer

A)  promotes ear development. 
B)  specifies the location of the heart. 
C)  determines structures in the eyes. 
D)  specifies limb elongation points. 
E)  filters lymphatic fluid. 
A)  promotes ear development. 
B)  specifies the location of the heart. 
C)  determines structures in the eyes. 
D)  specifies limb elongation points. 
E)  filters lymphatic fluid.

Question 19

In an egg cell treated with EDTA, a chemical that binds calcium and magnesium ions, the

Accepted Answer

A)  acrosomal reaction would be blocked. 
B)  fusion of sperm and egg nuclei would be blocked. 
C)  fast block to polyspermy would not occur. 
D)  fertilization envelope would not be formed. 
E)  zygote would not contain maternal and paternal chromosomes. 
A)  acrosomal reaction would be blocked. 
B)  fusion of sperm and egg nuclei would be blocked. 
C)  fast block to polyspermy would not occur. 
D)  fertilization envelope would not be formed. 
E)  zygote would not contain maternal and paternal chromosomes.

Question 20

Contact of a sperm with signal molecules in the coat of an egg causes the sperm to undergo

Accepted Answer

A)  mitosis. 
B)  depolarization. 
C)  apoptosis. 
D)  vitellogenesis. 
E)  the acrosomal reaction. 
A)  mitosis. 
B)  depolarization. 
C)  apoptosis. 
D)  vitellogenesis. 
E)  the acrosomal reaction.

Exam 47: Animal Development

If the apical ectodermal ridge is surgically removed from an embryo, it will lose

Cells transplanted from the neural tube of a frog embryo to the ventral part of another embryo develop into nervous system tissues. This result indicates that the transplanted cells were

The embryonic precursor to the human spinal cord is the

Which of the following is common to the development of both birds and mammals?

The migratory neural crest cells

If an amphibian zygote is manipulated so that the first cleavage plane fails to divide the gray crescent, then

The formation of the fertilization membrane requires an increase in the availability of

Extraembryonic membranes develop in

Animal cells that are present only for a brief developmental phase will, following completion of that phase, undergo

Animal development compares to plant development in that

The cortical reaction of sea urchin eggs functions directly in

The least amount of yolk would be found in the egg of a

As an embryo develops, new cells are produced as the result of

A human zygote undergoes its first cell division

Which of the following is an adult organism that has fewer than 1,000 cells?

Which of the following is the anatomical axis that is largely symmetrical in both frogs and humans?

The structure of the Drosophila gene called Tinman is similar to a gene in humans that also

In an egg cell treated with EDTA, a chemical that binds calcium and magnesium ions, the

Contact of a sperm with signal molecules in the coat of an egg causes the sperm to undergo

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

Filters