Question 1

Evidence that parthenogenic whiptail lizards are derived from sexually reproducing ancestors includes

Accepted Answer

A)  the requirement for male-like behaviors in some females before their partners will ovulate. 
B)  the development and then regression of testes prior to sexual maturation. 
C)  the observation that all of the offspring are haploid. 
D)  dependence on favorable weather conditions for ovulation to occur. 
E)  the persistence of a vestigial penis among some of the females. 
A)  the requirement for male-like behaviors in some females before their partners will ovulate. 
B)  the development and then regression of testes prior to sexual maturation. 
C)  the observation that all of the offspring are haploid. 
D)  dependence on favorable weather conditions for ovulation to occur. 
E)  the persistence of a vestigial penis among some of the females.

Question 2

For the 10 days following ovulation in a nonpregnant menstrual cycle, the main source of progesterone is the

Accepted Answer

A)  adrenal cortex. 
B)  anterior pituitary. 
C)  corpus luteum. 
D)  developing follicle. 
E)  placenta. 
A)  adrenal cortex. 
B)  anterior pituitary. 
C)  corpus luteum. 
D)  developing follicle. 
E)  placenta.

Question 3

An advantage of asexual reproduction is that

Accepted Answer

A)  asexual reproduction allows the species to endure long periods of unstable environmental conditions. 
B)  asexual reproduction enhances genetic variability in the species. 
C)  asexual reproduction enables the species to rapidly colonize habitats that are favorable to that species. 
D)  asexual reproduction produces offspring that respond effectively to new pathogens. 
E)  asexual reproduction allows a species to easily rid itself of harmful mutations. 
A)  asexual reproduction allows the species to endure long periods of unstable environmental conditions. 
B)  asexual reproduction enhances genetic variability in the species. 
C)  asexual reproduction enables the species to rapidly colonize habitats that are favorable to that species. 
D)  asexual reproduction produces offspring that respond effectively to new pathogens. 
E)  asexual reproduction allows a species to easily rid itself of harmful mutations.

Question 4

A primary response by the Leydig cells in the testes to the presence of luteinizing hormone is an increase in the synthesis and secretion of

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibin. 
B)  testosterone. 
C)  oxytocin. 
D)  prolactin. 
E)  progesterone. 
A)  inhibin. 
B)  testosterone. 
C)  oxytocin. 
D)  prolactin. 
E)  progesterone.

Question 5

The hormone progesterone is produced

Accepted Answer

A)  in the pituitary and acts directly on the ovary. 
B)  in the uterus and acts directly on the pituitary 
C)  in the ovary and acts directly on the uterus. 
D)  in the pituitary and acts directly on the uterus. 
E)  in the uterus and acts directly on the pituitary. 
A)  in the pituitary and acts directly on the ovary. 
B)  in the uterus and acts directly on the pituitary 
C)  in the ovary and acts directly on the uterus. 
D)  in the pituitary and acts directly on the uterus. 
E)  in the uterus and acts directly on the pituitary.

Question 6

In close comparisons, external fertilization often yields more offspring than does internal fertilization. However, internal fertilization offers the advantage that

Accepted Answer

A)  it is the only way to ensure the survival of the species. 
B)  it requires less time and energy to be devoted to reproduction. 
C)  the smaller number of offspring produced often receive a greater amount of parental investment. 
D)  it permits the most rapid population increase. 
E)  it requires expression of fewer genes and maximizes genetic stability. 
A)  it is the only way to ensure the survival of the species. 
B)  it requires less time and energy to be devoted to reproduction. 
C)  the smaller number of offspring produced often receive a greater amount of parental investment. 
D)  it permits the most rapid population increase. 
E)  it requires expression of fewer genes and maximizes genetic stability.

Question 7

Which of the following characterizes parthenogenesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  An individual may change its sex during its lifetime. 
B)  Specialized groups of cells grow into new individuals. 
C)  An organism is first a male and then a female. 
D)  An egg develops without being fertilized. 
E)  Both mates have male and female reproductive organs. 
A)  An individual may change its sex during its lifetime. 
B)  Specialized groups of cells grow into new individuals. 
C)  An organism is first a male and then a female. 
D)  An egg develops without being fertilized. 
E)  Both mates have male and female reproductive organs.

Question 8

The primary difference between estrous and menstrual cycles is that

Accepted Answer

A)  the endometrium shed by the uterus during the estrous cycle is reabsorbed, whereas the shed endometrium of menstrual cycles is excreted from the body. 
B)  behavioral changes during estrous cycles are much less apparent than those of menstrual cycles. 
C)  season and climate have less pronounced effects on estrous cycles than they do on menstrual cycles. 
D)  copulation normally occurs across the estrous cycle, whereas in menstrual cycles copulation only occurs during the period surrounding ovulation. 
E)  most estrous cycles are of much longer duration compared to menstrual cycles. 
A)  the endometrium shed by the uterus during the estrous cycle is reabsorbed, whereas the shed endometrium of menstrual cycles is excreted from the body. 
B)  behavioral changes during estrous cycles are much less apparent than those of menstrual cycles. 
C)  season and climate have less pronounced effects on estrous cycles than they do on menstrual cycles. 
D)  copulation normally occurs across the estrous cycle, whereas in menstrual cycles copulation only occurs during the period surrounding ovulation. 
E)  most estrous cycles are of much longer duration compared to menstrual cycles.

Question 9

Like many other fishes, bluehead wrasses utilize harem mating as they reproduce sexually. However, unlike most fishes,

Accepted Answer

A)  they are simultaneous hermaphrodites. 
B)  they function without any signaling by steroid hormones. 
C)  they undergo a prolonged diapause during low tide. 
D)  their offspring can be either haploid or diploid. 
E)  large females morph into reproductively competent males. 
A)  they are simultaneous hermaphrodites. 
B)  they function without any signaling by steroid hormones. 
C)  they undergo a prolonged diapause during low tide. 
D)  their offspring can be either haploid or diploid. 
E)  large females morph into reproductively competent males.

Question 10

A high rate of metabolic activity is maintained in the pregnant uterus by

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibin. 
B)  testosterone. 
C)  oxytocin. 
D)  prolactin. 
E)  progesterone. 
A)  inhibin. 
B)  testosterone. 
C)  oxytocin. 
D)  prolactin. 
E)  progesterone.

Question 11

In vertebrate animals, spermatogenesis and oogenesis differ in that

Accepted Answer

A)  oogenesis begins at the onset of sexual maturity, whereas spermatogenesis begins during embryonic development. 
B)  oogenesis produces four haploid cells, whereas spermatogenesis produces only one functional spermatozoon. 
C)  cytokinesis is unequal in oogenesis, whereas it is equal in spermatogenesis. 
D)  oogenesis ends at menopause, whereas spermatogenesis is finished before birth. 
E)  spermatogenesis is not completed until after fertilization occurs, but oogenesis is completed by the time a girl is born. 
A)  oogenesis begins at the onset of sexual maturity, whereas spermatogenesis begins during embryonic development. 
B)  oogenesis produces four haploid cells, whereas spermatogenesis produces only one functional spermatozoon. 
C)  cytokinesis is unequal in oogenesis, whereas it is equal in spermatogenesis. 
D)  oogenesis ends at menopause, whereas spermatogenesis is finished before birth. 
E)  spermatogenesis is not completed until after fertilization occurs, but oogenesis is completed by the time a girl is born.

Question 12

When female fruit flies mate with two different males on the same day,

Accepted Answer

A)  the first male's sperm fertilizes all of the eggs. 
B)  the first male's sperm fertilizes most of the eggs. 
C)  the second male's sperm fertilizes most of the eggs. 
D)  the first and second males fertilize equal numbers of eggs. 
E)  none of the eggs become fertilized. 
A)  the first male's sperm fertilizes all of the eggs. 
B)  the first male's sperm fertilizes most of the eggs. 
C)  the second male's sperm fertilizes most of the eggs. 
D)  the first and second males fertilize equal numbers of eggs. 
E)  none of the eggs become fertilized.

Question 13

Increasing the temperature of the human scrotum by 2°C (i.e., near the normal body core temperature)and holding it there would

Accepted Answer

A)  reduce the fertility of the man by impairing the production of gonadal steroid hormones. 
B)  reduce the fertility of the man by impairing spermatogenesis. 
C)  reduce the man's sexual interest. 
D)  increase the fertility of the affected man by enhancing the rate of steroidogenesis. 
E)  have no effect on male reproductive processes. 
A)  reduce the fertility of the man by impairing the production of gonadal steroid hormones. 
B)  reduce the fertility of the man by impairing spermatogenesis. 
C)  reduce the man's sexual interest. 
D)  increase the fertility of the affected man by enhancing the rate of steroidogenesis. 
E)  have no effect on male reproductive processes.

Question 14

Internal and external fertilization both

Accepted Answer

A)  produce single-celled zygotes. 
B)  occur only among invertebrates. 
C)  occur only among terrestrial animals. 
D)  depend on the use of intromittent copulatory organs. 
E)  occur only among birds. 
A)  produce single-celled zygotes. 
B)  occur only among invertebrates. 
C)  occur only among terrestrial animals. 
D)  depend on the use of intromittent copulatory organs. 
E)  occur only among birds.

Question 15

In correct chronological order, the three phases of the human uterine cycle are

Accepted Answer

A)  menstrual → ovulation → luteal. 
B)  follicular → luteal → secretory. 
C)  menstrual → proliferative → secretory. 
D)  follicular → ovulation → luteal. 
E)  proliferative → luteal → ovulation. 
A)  menstrual → ovulation → luteal. 
B)  follicular → luteal → secretory. 
C)  menstrual → proliferative → secretory. 
D)  follicular → ovulation → luteal. 
E)  proliferative → luteal → ovulation.

Question 16

Peaks of LH and FSH production occur during

Accepted Answer

A)  the menstrual flow phase of the uterine cycle. 
B)  the beginning of the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle. 
C)  the period just before ovulation. 
D)  the end of the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle. 
E)  the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle. 
A)  the menstrual flow phase of the uterine cycle. 
B)  the beginning of the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle. 
C)  the period just before ovulation. 
D)  the end of the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle. 
E)  the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle.

Question 17

In humans, the follicular cells that remain behind in the ovary following ovulation become

Accepted Answer

A)  the ovarian endometrium that is shed at the time of the menses. 
B)  a steroid-hormone synthesizing structure called the corpus luteum. 
C)  the thickened portion of the uterine wall. 
D)  swept into the fallopian tube. 
E)  the placenta, which secretes cervical mucus. 
A)  the ovarian endometrium that is shed at the time of the menses. 
B)  a steroid-hormone synthesizing structure called the corpus luteum. 
C)  the thickened portion of the uterine wall. 
D)  swept into the fallopian tube. 
E)  the placenta, which secretes cervical mucus.

Question 18

For which of the following is the number the same in spermatogenesis and oogenesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  interruptions in meiotic divisions 
B)  functional gametes produced by meiosis 
C)  meiotic divisions required to produce each gamete 
D)  gametes produced in a given time period 
E)  different cell types produced by meiosis 
A)  interruptions in meiotic divisions 
B)  functional gametes produced by meiosis 
C)  meiotic divisions required to produce each gamete 
D)  gametes produced in a given time period 
E)  different cell types produced by meiosis

Question 19

During human heterosexual (mutual)excitement, vasocongestion

Accepted Answer

A)  occurs only in the penis. 
B)  occurs only in the testes. 
C)  occurs only in the clitoris. 
D)  occurs only in the upper vagina. 
E)  occurs in the clitoris, vagina, and penis. 
A)  occurs only in the penis. 
B)  occurs only in the testes. 
C)  occurs only in the clitoris. 
D)  occurs only in the upper vagina. 
E)  occurs in the clitoris, vagina, and penis.

Question 20

Time-release progesterone implants function in contraception by

Accepted Answer

A)  increasing the frequency of ovulation. 
B)  thickening the cervical and uterine mucus to impair sperm movement. 
C)  increasing gonadotropin secretion to abnormally high levels. 
D)  reducing libido. 
E)  activating inflammation responses in the uterus. 
A)  increasing the frequency of ovulation. 
B)  thickening the cervical and uterine mucus to impair sperm movement. 
C)  increasing gonadotropin secretion to abnormally high levels. 
D)  reducing libido. 
E)  activating inflammation responses in the uterus.

Exam 46: Animal Reproduction

Evidence that parthenogenic whiptail lizards are derived from sexually reproducing ancestors includes

For the 10 days following ovulation in a nonpregnant menstrual cycle, the main source of progesterone is the

An advantage of asexual reproduction is that

A primary response by the Leydig cells in the testes to the presence of luteinizing hormone is an increase in the synthesis and secretion of

The hormone progesterone is produced

In close comparisons, external fertilization often yields more offspring than does internal fertilization. However, internal fertilization offers the advantage that

Which of the following characterizes parthenogenesis?

The primary difference between estrous and menstrual cycles is that

Like many other fishes, bluehead wrasses utilize harem mating as they reproduce sexually. However, unlike most fishes,

A high rate of metabolic activity is maintained in the pregnant uterus by

In vertebrate animals, spermatogenesis and oogenesis differ in that

When female fruit flies mate with two different males on the same day,

Increasing the temperature of the human scrotum by 2°C (i.e., near the normal body core temperature)and holding it there would

Internal and external fertilization both

In correct chronological order, the three phases of the human uterine cycle are

Peaks of LH and FSH production occur during

In humans, the follicular cells that remain behind in the ovary following ovulation become

For which of the following is the number the same in spermatogenesis and oogenesis?

During human heterosexual (mutual)excitement, vasocongestion

Time-release progesterone implants function in contraception by

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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