Question 1

The interrelationships between the endocrine and the nervous systems are especially apparent in

Accepted Answer

A)  a neuron in the spinal cord. 
B)  a steroid-producing cell in the adrenal cortex. 
C)  a neurosecretory cell in the hypothalamus. 
D)  a brain cell in the cerebral cortex. 
E)  a cell in the pancreas that produces digestive enzymes. 
A)  a neuron in the spinal cord. 
B)  a steroid-producing cell in the adrenal cortex. 
C)  a neurosecretory cell in the hypothalamus. 
D)  a brain cell in the cerebral cortex. 
E)  a cell in the pancreas that produces digestive enzymes.

Question 2

When a steroid hormone and a peptide hormone exert similar effects on a population of target cells, then

Accepted Answer

A)  the steroid and peptide hormones must use the same biochemical mechanisms. 
B)  the steroid and peptide hormones must bind to the same receptor protein. 
C)  the steroid hormones affect the synthesis of effector proteins, whereas peptide hormones activate effector proteins already present in the cell. 
D)  the steroid hormones affect the activity of certain proteins within the cell, whereas peptide hormones directly affect the processing of mRNA. 
E)  the steroid hormones affect only the release of proteins from the target cell, whereas peptide hormones affect only the synthesis of proteins that remain in the target cell. 
A)  the steroid and peptide hormones must use the same biochemical mechanisms. 
B)  the steroid and peptide hormones must bind to the same receptor protein. 
C)  the steroid hormones affect the synthesis of effector proteins, whereas peptide hormones activate effector proteins already present in the cell. 
D)  the steroid hormones affect the activity of certain proteins within the cell, whereas peptide hormones directly affect the processing of mRNA. 
E)  the steroid hormones affect only the release of proteins from the target cell, whereas peptide hormones affect only the synthesis of proteins that remain in the target cell.

Question 3

Abnormally reduced somatic growth (dwarfism)can be a consequence of decreased hormone secretion from the

Accepted Answer

A)  kidneys. 
B)  pancreas. 
C)  adrenal gland. 
D)  posterior pituitary gland. 
E)  anterior pituitary gland. 
A)  kidneys. 
B)  pancreas. 
C)  adrenal gland. 
D)  posterior pituitary gland. 
E)  anterior pituitary gland.

Question 4

One reason a person might be severely overweight is due to

Accepted Answer

A)  an undersecretion of thyroxine. 
B)  a defect in hormone release from the posterior pituitary. 
C)  a lower than normal level of insulin-like growth factors. 
D)  hyposecretion of oxytocin. 
E)  a higher than normal level of melatonin. 
A)  an undersecretion of thyroxine. 
B)  a defect in hormone release from the posterior pituitary. 
C)  a lower than normal level of insulin-like growth factors. 
D)  hyposecretion of oxytocin. 
E)  a higher than normal level of melatonin.

Question 5

Hormone X activates the cAMP second messenger system in its target cells. The greatest response by a cell would come from

Accepted Answer

A)  applying a molecule of hormone X to the extracellular fluid surrounding the cell. 
B)  injecting a molecule of hormone X into the cytoplasm of the cell. 
C)  applying a molecule of cAMP to the extracellular fluid surrounding the cell. 
D)  injecting a molecule of cAMP into the cytoplasm of the cell. 
E)  injecting a molecule of activated, cAMP-dependent protein kinase into the cytoplasm of the cell. 
A)  applying a molecule of hormone X to the extracellular fluid surrounding the cell. 
B)  injecting a molecule of hormone X into the cytoplasm of the cell. 
C)  applying a molecule of cAMP to the extracellular fluid surrounding the cell. 
D)  injecting a molecule of cAMP into the cytoplasm of the cell. 
E)  injecting a molecule of activated, cAMP-dependent protein kinase into the cytoplasm of the cell.

Question 6

Ecdysone is a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  peptide hormone. 
B)  amine derivative. 
C)  steroid hormone. 
D)  iodinated protein hormone made by the thyroid gland. 
E)  gaseous neurotransmitter. 
A)  peptide hormone. 
B)  amine derivative. 
C)  steroid hormone. 
D)  iodinated protein hormone made by the thyroid gland. 
E)  gaseous neurotransmitter.

Question 7

If a person loses a large amount of water in a short period of time, he or she may die from dehydration. ADH can help reduce water loss through its interaction with its target cells in the

Accepted Answer

A)  anterior pituitary. 
B)  posterior pituitary. 
C)  adrenal gland. 
D)  bladder. 
E)  kidney. 
A)  anterior pituitary. 
B)  posterior pituitary. 
C)  adrenal gland. 
D)  bladder. 
E)  kidney.

Question 8

The body's reaction to PTH (parathyroid hormone), a reduction in plasma levels of calcium, can be opposed by

Accepted Answer

A)  thyroxine. 
B)  epinephrine. 
C)  growth hormone. 
D)  calcitonin. 
E)  glucagon. 
A)  thyroxine. 
B)  epinephrine. 
C)  growth hormone. 
D)  calcitonin. 
E)  glucagon.

Question 9

An example of antagonistic hormones controlling homeostasis is

Accepted Answer

A)  thyroxine and parathyroid hormone in calcium balance. 
B)  insulin and glucagon in glucose metabolism. 
C)  progestins and estrogens in sexual differentiation. 
D)  epinephrine and norepinephrine in fight-or-flight responses. 
E)  oxytocin and prolactin in milk production. 
A)  thyroxine and parathyroid hormone in calcium balance. 
B)  insulin and glucagon in glucose metabolism. 
C)  progestins and estrogens in sexual differentiation. 
D)  epinephrine and norepinephrine in fight-or-flight responses. 
E)  oxytocin and prolactin in milk production.

Question 10

A tropic hormone from the anterior pituitary gland regulates the secretion of

Accepted Answer

A)  parathyroid hormone. 
B)  calcitonin. 
C)  epinephrine. 
D)  thyroxine. 
E)  glucagon. 
A)  parathyroid hormone. 
B)  calcitonin. 
C)  epinephrine. 
D)  thyroxine. 
E)  glucagon.

Question 11

Based on their effects, which pair below would not be expected to be active at the same time and place?

Accepted Answer

A)  prostaglandin F and nitric oxide 
B)  growth hormone and insulin-like growth factors 
C)  endocrine and exocrine glands 
D)  hormones and target cells 
E)  neurosecretory cells and neurotransmitters 
A)  prostaglandin F and nitric oxide 
B)  growth hormone and insulin-like growth factors 
C)  endocrine and exocrine glands 
D)  hormones and target cells 
E)  neurosecretory cells and neurotransmitters

Question 12

-In an experiment, rats' ovaries were removed immediately after impregnation and then the rats were divided into two groups. Treatments and results are summarized in the table. The results most likely occurred because progesterone exerts an effect on the

Accepted Answer

A)  general health of the rat. 
B)  size of the fetus. 
C)  metabolism of the uterus. 
D)  gestation period of rats. 
E)  number of eggs fertilized. 
A)  general health of the rat. 
B)  size of the fetus. 
C)  metabolism of the uterus. 
D)  gestation period of rats. 
E)  number of eggs fertilized.

Question 13

Which hormone is incorrectly paired with its action?

Accepted Answer

A)  oxytocin-stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth 
B)  thyroxine-stimulates metabolic processes 
C)  insulin-stimulates glycogen breakdown in the liver 
D)  ACTH-stimulates the release of glucocorticoids by the adrenal cortex 
E)  melatonin-affects biological rhythms, seasonal reproduction 
A)  oxytocin-stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth 
B)  thyroxine-stimulates metabolic processes 
C)  insulin-stimulates glycogen breakdown in the liver 
D)  ACTH-stimulates the release of glucocorticoids by the adrenal cortex 
E)  melatonin-affects biological rhythms, seasonal reproduction

Question 14

Prolactin stimulates mammary gland growth and development in mammals and regulates salt and water balance in freshwater fish. Many scientists think that this wide range of functions indicates that prolactin

Accepted Answer

A)  is a nonspecific hormone. 
B)  has a unique mechanism for eliciting its effects. 
C)  is an evolutionarily conserved hormone. 
D)  is derived from two separate sources. 
E)  interacts with many different receptor molecules. 
A)  is a nonspecific hormone. 
B)  has a unique mechanism for eliciting its effects. 
C)  is an evolutionarily conserved hormone. 
D)  is derived from two separate sources. 
E)  interacts with many different receptor molecules.

Question 15

All hormones

Accepted Answer

A)  are produced by endocrine glands. 
B)  are lipid-soluble molecules. 
C)  are carried to target cells in the blood. 
D)  are protein molecules. 
E)  elicit the same biological response from all of their target cells. 
A)  are produced by endocrine glands. 
B)  are lipid-soluble molecules. 
C)  are carried to target cells in the blood. 
D)  are protein molecules. 
E)  elicit the same biological response from all of their target cells.

Question 16

Iodine is added to table salt to help prevent deficiencies of an essential mineral needed for the proper function of the

Accepted Answer

A)  parathyroid glands. 
B)  adrenal glands. 
C)  thyroid glands. 
D)  the endocrine pancreas. 
E)  the exocrine pancreas. 
A)  parathyroid glands. 
B)  adrenal glands. 
C)  thyroid glands. 
D)  the endocrine pancreas. 
E)  the exocrine pancreas.

Question 17

Fight-or-flight reactions include activation of

Accepted Answer

A)  the parathyroid glands, leading to increased metabolic rate. 
B)  the thyroid gland, leading to an increase in the blood calcium concentration. 
C)  the anterior pituitary gland, leading to cessation of gonadal function. 
D)  the adrenal medulla, leading to increased secretion of epinephrine. 
E)  the pancreas, leading to a reduction in the blood sugar concentration. 
A)  the parathyroid glands, leading to increased metabolic rate. 
B)  the thyroid gland, leading to an increase in the blood calcium concentration. 
C)  the anterior pituitary gland, leading to cessation of gonadal function. 
D)  the adrenal medulla, leading to increased secretion of epinephrine. 
E)  the pancreas, leading to a reduction in the blood sugar concentration.

Question 18

Which category of signal exerts its effects on target cells by binding to membrane-bound receptor proteins?

Accepted Answer

A)  neurohormones 
B)  estrogens 
C)  androgens 
D)  vitamin D 
E)  neurohormones, estrogens, androgens, and vitamin D 
A)  neurohormones 
B)  estrogens 
C)  androgens 
D)  vitamin D 
E)  neurohormones, estrogens, androgens, and vitamin D

Question 19

A cell with membrane-bound proteins that selectively bind a specific hormone is called that hormone's

Accepted Answer

A)  secretory cell. 
B)  plasma cell. 
C)  endocrine cell. 
D)  target cell. 
E)  regulatory cell. 
A)  secretory cell. 
B)  plasma cell. 
C)  endocrine cell. 
D)  target cell. 
E)  regulatory cell.

Question 20

Insect hormones and their receptors

Accepted Answer

A)  act independently of each other. 
B)  are a focus in pest-control research. 
C)  utilize cell-surface receptors only. 
D)  are active independently of environmental cues. 
E)  are not relevant to the study of steroid hormones. 
A)  act independently of each other. 
B)  are a focus in pest-control research. 
C)  utilize cell-surface receptors only. 
D)  are active independently of environmental cues. 
E)  are not relevant to the study of steroid hormones.

Exam 45: Hormones and the Endocrine System

The interrelationships between the endocrine and the nervous systems are especially apparent in

When a steroid hormone and a peptide hormone exert similar effects on a population of target cells, then

Abnormally reduced somatic growth (dwarfism)can be a consequence of decreased hormone secretion from the

One reason a person might be severely overweight is due to

Hormone X activates the cAMP second messenger system in its target cells. The greatest response by a cell would come from

Ecdysone is a(n)

If a person loses a large amount of water in a short period of time, he or she may die from dehydration. ADH can help reduce water loss through its interaction with its target cells in the

The body's reaction to PTH (parathyroid hormone), a reduction in plasma levels of calcium, can be opposed by

An example of antagonistic hormones controlling homeostasis is

A tropic hormone from the anterior pituitary gland regulates the secretion of

Based on their effects, which pair below would not be expected to be active at the same time and place?

-In an experiment, rats' ovaries were removed immediately after impregnation and then the rats were divided into two groups. Treatments and results are summarized in the table. The results most likely occurred because progesterone exerts an effect on the

Which hormone is incorrectly paired with its action?

Prolactin stimulates mammary gland growth and development in mammals and regulates salt and water balance in freshwater fish. Many scientists think that this wide range of functions indicates that prolactin

All hormones

Iodine is added to table salt to help prevent deficiencies of an essential mineral needed for the proper function of the

Fight-or-flight reactions include activation of

Which category of signal exerts its effects on target cells by binding to membrane-bound receptor proteins?

A cell with membrane-bound proteins that selectively bind a specific hormone is called that hormone's

Insect hormones and their receptors

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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