Exam 27: Bacteria and Archaea

Figure 27.2 depicts changes to the amount of DNA present in a recipient cell that is engaged in conjugation with an Hfr cell. Hfr cell DNA begins entering the recipient cell at Time A. Assume that reciprocal crossing over occurs (in other words, a fragment of the recipient's chromosome is exchanged for a homologous fragment from the Hfr cell's DNA). Use Figure 27.2 to answer the following questions. Figure 27.2 -Which two processes are responsible for the shape of the curve at Time B? 1)transduction 2)entry of single-stranded Hfr DNA 3)rolling circle replication of single-stranded Hfr DNA 4)activation of DNA pumps in plasma membrane

Use the information in the following paragraph to answer the next few questions. A hypothetical bacterium swims among human intestinal contents until it finds a suitable location on the intestinal lining. It adheres to the intestinal lining using a feature that also protects it from phagocytes, bacteriophages, and dehydration. Fecal matter from a human in whose intestine this bacterium lives can spread the bacterium, even after being mixed with water and boiled. The bacterium is not susceptible to the penicillin family of antibiotics. It contains no plasmids and relatively little peptidoglycan. -This bacterium derives nutrition by digesting human intestinal contents (in other words, food). Thus, this bacterium should be an

Prokaryotes' essential genetic information is located in the

The following table depicts characteristics of five prokaryotic species (A-E). Use the information in the table to answer the following questions. -Which species is probably an important contributor to the base of aquatic food chains as a primary producer?

The following table depicts characteristics of five prokaryotic species (A-E). Use the information in the table to answer the following questions. -How many of these species probably have a cell wall that partly consists of an outer membrane of lipopolysaccharide?

Mitochondria are thought to be the descendants of certain alpha proteobacteria. They are, however, no longer able to lead independent lives because most genes originally present on their chromosome have moved to the nuclear genome. Which phenomenon accounts for the movement of these genes?

The typical prokaryotic flagellum features

Match the numbered terms to the description that follows. Choose all appropriate terms. 1)autotroph 2)heterotroph 3)phototroph 4)chemotroph An organism that relies on photons to excite electrons within its membranes

Photoautotrophs use

The following table depicts characteristics of five prokaryotic species (A-E). Use the information in the table to answer the following questions. -Gram-variable prokaryotes are, sometimes, those without any peptidoglycan. Which two species are most likely to be archaeans?

In general, what is the primary ecological role of prokaryotes?

Use the information in the following paragraph to answer the next few questions. A hypothetical bacterium swims among human intestinal contents until it finds a suitable location on the intestinal lining. It adheres to the intestinal lining using a feature that also protects it from phagocytes, bacteriophages, and dehydration. Fecal matter from a human in whose intestine this bacterium lives can spread the bacterium, even after being mixed with water and boiled. The bacterium is not susceptible to the penicillin family of antibiotics. It contains no plasmids and relatively little peptidoglycan. -Adherence to the intestinal lining by this bacterium is due to its possession of

In a hypothetical situation, the genes for sex pilus construction and for tetracycline resistance are located together on the same plasmid within a particular bacterium. If this bacterium readily performs conjugation involving a copy of this plasmid, then the result should be

Use the information in the following paragraph to answer the next few questions. A hypothetical bacterium swims among human intestinal contents until it finds a suitable location on the intestinal lining. It adheres to the intestinal lining using a feature that also protects it from phagocytes, bacteriophages, and dehydration. Fecal matter from a human in whose intestine this bacterium lives can spread the bacterium, even after being mixed with water and boiled. The bacterium is not susceptible to the penicillin family of antibiotics. It contains no plasmids and relatively little peptidoglycan. -What should be true of the cell wall of this bacterium?

Consider the thermoacidophile, Sulfolobus acidocaldarius. Which of the following graphs most accurately depicts the expected temperature and pH profiles of its enzymes? (Note: The horizontal axes of these graphs are double, with pH above and temperature below.)

Use the information in the following paragraph to answer the next few questions. A hypothetical bacterium swims among human intestinal contents until it finds a suitable location on the intestinal lining. It adheres to the intestinal lining using a feature that also protects it from phagocytes, bacteriophages, and dehydration. Fecal matter from a human in whose intestine this bacterium lives can spread the bacterium, even after being mixed with water and boiled. The bacterium is not susceptible to the penicillin family of antibiotics. It contains no plasmids and relatively little peptidoglycan. -This bacterium derives nutrition by digesting human intestinal contents (in other words, food). Humans lacking this bacterium have no measurable reproductive advantage or disadvantage relative to humans who harbor this bacterium. Consequently, the bacterium can be properly described as which of the following? 1)symbiont 2)endosymbiont 3)mutualist 4)commensal

Use the information in the following paragraph to answer the next few questions. A hypothetical bacterium swims among human intestinal contents until it finds a suitable location on the intestinal lining. It adheres to the intestinal lining using a feature that also protects it from phagocytes, bacteriophages, and dehydration. Fecal matter from a human in whose intestine this bacterium lives can spread the bacterium, even after being mixed with water and boiled. The bacterium is not susceptible to the penicillin family of antibiotics. It contains no plasmids and relatively little peptidoglycan. -Some of the proteins that allow this bacterium to swim are related (in an evolutionary sense)to proteins that

The following table depicts characteristics of five prokaryotic species (A-E). Use the information in the table to answer the following questions. -Which species is most likely to be found both in sewage treatment plants and in the guts of cattle?

Bacteria perform each of the following ecological roles. Which role typically does not involve a symbiosis?

Match the numbered terms to the description that follows. Choose all appropriate terms. 1)autotroph 2)heterotroph 3)phototroph 4)chemotroph An organism that obtains both carbon and energy by ingesting prey