Question 1

Which of the following does not occur during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  condensation of the chromosomes 
B)  replication of the DNA 
C)  separation of sister chromatids 
D)  spindle formation 
E)  separation of the spindle poles 
A)  condensation of the chromosomes 
B)  replication of the DNA 
C)  separation of sister chromatids 
D)  spindle formation 
E)  separation of the spindle poles

Question 2

Movement of the chromosomes during anaphase would be most affected by a drug that

Accepted Answer

A)  reduces cyclin concentrations. 
B)  increases cyclin concentrations. 
C)  prevents elongation of microtubules. 
D)  prevents shortening of microtubules. 
E)  prevents attachment of the microtubules to the kinetochore. 
A)  reduces cyclin concentrations. 
B)  increases cyclin concentrations. 
C)  prevents elongation of microtubules. 
D)  prevents shortening of microtubules. 
E)  prevents attachment of the microtubules to the kinetochore.

Question 3

Besides the ability of some cancer cells to overproliferate, what else could logically result in a tumor?

Accepted Answer

A)  metastasis 
B)  changes in the order of cell cycle stages 
C)  lack of appropriate cell death 
D)  inability to form spindles 
E)  inability of chromosomes to meet at the metaphase plate 
A)  metastasis 
B)  changes in the order of cell cycle stages 
C)  lack of appropriate cell death 
D)  inability to form spindles 
E)  inability of chromosomes to meet at the metaphase plate

Question 4

A mutation results in a cell that no longer produces a normal protein kinase for the M phase checkpoint. Which of the following would likely be the immediate result of this mutation?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cell would prematurely enter anaphase. 
B)  The cell would never leave metaphase. 
C)  The cell would never enter metaphase. 
D)  The cell would never enter prophase. 
E)  The cell would undergo normal mitosis, but fail to enter the next G₁ phase. 
A)  The cell would prematurely enter anaphase. 
B)  The cell would never leave metaphase. 
C)  The cell would never enter metaphase. 
D)  The cell would never enter prophase. 
E)  The cell would undergo normal mitosis, but fail to enter the next G₁ phase.

Question 5

A group of cells is assayed for DNA content immediately following mitosis and is found to have an average of 8 picograms of DNA per nucleus. How many picograms would be found at the end of S and the end of G₂?

Accepted Answer

A)  8; 8 
B)  8; 16 
C)  16; 8 
D)  16; 16 
E)  12; 16 
A)  8; 8 
B)  8; 16 
C)  16; 8 
D)  16; 16 
E)  12; 16

Question 6

One difference between cancer cells and normal cells is that cancer cells

Accepted Answer

A)  are unable to synthesize DNA. 
B)  are arrested at the S phase of the cell cycle. 
C)  continue to divide even when they are tightly packed together. 
D)  cannot function properly because they are affected by density-dependent inhibition. 
E)  are always in the M phase of the cell cycle. 
A)  are unable to synthesize DNA. 
B)  are arrested at the S phase of the cell cycle. 
C)  continue to divide even when they are tightly packed together. 
D)  cannot function properly because they are affected by density-dependent inhibition. 
E)  are always in the M phase of the cell cycle.

Question 7

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
The lettered circle in Figure 12.1 shows a diploid nucleus with four chromosomes. There are two pairs of homologous chromosomes, one long and the other short. One haploid set is symbolized as black and the other haploid set is gray. The chromosomes in the unlettered circle have not yet replicated. Choose the correct chromosomal conditions for the following stages.
   
Figure 12.1
-What is the correct chromosomal condition at the prometaphase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 8

A research team began a study of a cultured cell line. Their preliminary observations showed them that the cell line did not exhibit either density-dependent inhibition or anchorage dependence. What could they conclude right away?

Accepted Answer

A)  The cells originated in the nervous system. 
B)  The cells are unable to form spindle microtubules. 
C)  They have altered series of cell cycle phases. 
D)  The cells show characteristics of tumors. 
E)  They were originally derived from an elderly organism. 
A)  The cells originated in the nervous system. 
B)  The cells are unable to form spindle microtubules. 
C)  They have altered series of cell cycle phases. 
D)  The cells show characteristics of tumors. 
E)  They were originally derived from an elderly organism.

Question 9

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
The lettered circle in Figure 12.1 shows a diploid nucleus with four chromosomes. There are two pairs of homologous chromosomes, one long and the other short. One haploid set is symbolized as black and the other haploid set is gray. The chromosomes in the unlettered circle have not yet replicated. Choose the correct chromosomal conditions for the following stages.
   
Figure 12.1
-What is the correct chromosomal condition for one daughter nucleus at telophase of mitosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
E)  E

Question 10

Suppose a biologist can separate one of a dozen pieces of chromatin from a eukaryotic (animal)nucleus. It might consist of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  one-twelfth of the genes of the organism 
B)  two chromosomes, each with six chromatids 
C)  a single circular piece of DNA 
D)  two long strands of DNA plus proteins 
E)  two chromatids attached together at a centromere 
A)  one-twelfth of the genes of the organism 
B)  two chromosomes, each with six chromatids 
C)  a single circular piece of DNA 
D)  two long strands of DNA plus proteins 
E)  two chromatids attached together at a centromere

Question 11

Proteins that are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, and that show fluctuations in concentration during the cell cycle, are called

Accepted Answer

A)  ATPases. 
B)  kinetochores. 
C)  kinases. 
D)  proton pumps. 
E)  cyclins. 
A)  ATPases. 
B)  kinetochores. 
C)  kinases. 
D)  proton pumps. 
E)  cyclins.

Question 12

The following questions are based on Figure 12.3.
   
Figure 12.3
-In the figure above, mitosis is represented by which numbered part(s)of the cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV 
E)  V 
A)  I 
B)  II 
C)  III 
D)  IV 
E)  V

Question 13

Figure 12.2
-If the cell whose nuclear material is shown in Figure 12.2 continues toward completion of mitosis, which of the following events would occur next?

Accepted Answer

A)  cell membrane synthesis 
B)  spindle fiber formation 
C)  nuclear envelope breakdown 
D)  formation of telophase nuclei 
E)  synthesis of chromatids 
A)  cell membrane synthesis 
B)  spindle fiber formation 
C)  nuclear envelope breakdown 
D)  formation of telophase nuclei 
E)  synthesis of chromatids

Question 14

What causes the decrease in the amount of cyclin at a specific point in the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  an increase in production once the restriction point is passed 
B)  the cascade of increased production once its protein is phosphorylated by Cdk 
C)  the changing ratio of cytoplasm to genome 
D)  its destruction by a process initiated by the activity of its complex with a cyclin 
E)  the binding of PDGF to receptors on the cell surface 
A)  an increase in production once the restriction point is passed 
B)  the cascade of increased production once its protein is phosphorylated by Cdk 
C)  the changing ratio of cytoplasm to genome 
D)  its destruction by a process initiated by the activity of its complex with a cyclin 
E)  the binding of PDGF to receptors on the cell surface

Question 15

The following information applies to the questions below.
Several organisms, primarily protists, have what are called intermediate mitotic organization.
-What is the most probable hypothesis about these intermediate forms of cell division?

Accepted Answer

A)  They represent a form of cell reproduction which must have evolved completely separately from those of other organisms. 
B)  They demonstrate that these species are not closely related to any of the other protists and may well be a different kingdom. 
C)  They rely on totally different proteins for the processes they undergo. 
D)  They may be more closely related to plant forms that also have unusual mitosis. 
E)  They show some but not all of the evolutionary steps toward complete mitosis. 
A)  They represent a form of cell reproduction which must have evolved completely separately from those of other organisms. 
B)  They demonstrate that these species are not closely related to any of the other protists and may well be a different kingdom. 
C)  They rely on totally different proteins for the processes they undergo. 
D)  They may be more closely related to plant forms that also have unusual mitosis. 
E)  They show some but not all of the evolutionary steps toward complete mitosis.

Question 16

For a newly evolving protist, what would be the advantage of using eukaryote-like cell division rather than binary fission?

Accepted Answer

A)  Binary fission would not allow for the formation of new organisms. 
B)  Cell division would allow for the orderly and efficient segregation of multiple linear chromosomes. 
C)  Cell division would be faster than binary fission. 
D)  Cell division allows for lower rates of error per chromosome replication. 
E)  Binary fission would not allow the organism to have complex cells. 
A)  Binary fission would not allow for the formation of new organisms. 
B)  Cell division would allow for the orderly and efficient segregation of multiple linear chromosomes. 
C)  Cell division would be faster than binary fission. 
D)  Cell division allows for lower rates of error per chromosome replication. 
E)  Binary fission would not allow the organism to have complex cells.

Question 17

What is a cleavage furrow?

Accepted Answer

A)  a ring of vesicles forming a cell plate 
B)  the separation of divided prokaryotes 
C)  a groove in the plasma membrane between daughter nuclei 
D)  the metaphase plate where chromosomes attach to the spindle 
E)  the space that is created between two chromatids during anaphase 
A)  a ring of vesicles forming a cell plate 
B)  the separation of divided prokaryotes 
C)  a groove in the plasma membrane between daughter nuclei 
D)  the metaphase plate where chromosomes attach to the spindle 
E)  the space that is created between two chromatids during anaphase

Question 18

Which of the following most accurately describes a cyclin?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is present in similar concentrations throughout the cell cycle. 
B)  It is activated to phosphorylate by complexing with a Cdk. 
C)  It decreases in concentration when MPF activity increases. 
D)  It activates a Cdk molecule when it is in sufficient concentration. 
E)  It activates a Cdk when its concentration is decreased. 
A)  It is present in similar concentrations throughout the cell cycle. 
B)  It is activated to phosphorylate by complexing with a Cdk. 
C)  It decreases in concentration when MPF activity increases. 
D)  It activates a Cdk molecule when it is in sufficient concentration. 
E)  It activates a Cdk when its concentration is decreased.

Question 19

For a chemotherapeutic drug to be useful for treating cancer cells, which of the following is most desirable?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is safe enough to limit all apoptosis. 
B)  It does not alter metabolically active cells. 
C)  It only attacks cells that are density dependent. 
D)  It interferes with cells entering G₀. 
E)  It interferes with rapidly dividing cells. 
A)  It is safe enough to limit all apoptosis. 
B)  It does not alter metabolically active cells. 
C)  It only attacks cells that are density dependent. 
D)  It interferes with cells entering G₀. 
E)  It interferes with rapidly dividing cells.

Question 20

Use the following information to answer the questions below.
A student is looking through his light microscope (~450 X) at a squashed and stained onion root tip. Some, but not all, of the cells have clearly visible chromosome strands.
-When the cell has just completed telophase, which of the following does he see?

Accepted Answer

A)  a clear area in the center of the cell 
B)  chromosomes clustered at the poles 
C)  individual chromatids separating 
D)  formation of vesicles at the midline 
E)  two small cells with chromatin 
A)  a clear area in the center of the cell 
B)  chromosomes clustered at the poles 
C)  individual chromatids separating 
D)  formation of vesicles at the midline 
E)  two small cells with chromatin

Exam 12: The Cell Cycle

Which of the following does not occur during mitosis?

Movement of the chromosomes during anaphase would be most affected by a drug that

Besides the ability of some cancer cells to overproliferate, what else could logically result in a tumor?

A mutation results in a cell that no longer produces a normal protein kinase for the M phase checkpoint. Which of the following would likely be the immediate result of this mutation?

A group of cells is assayed for DNA content immediately following mitosis and is found to have an average of 8 picograms of DNA per nucleus. How many picograms would be found at the end of S and the end of G₂?

One difference between cancer cells and normal cells is that cancer cells

A research team began a study of a cultured cell line. Their preliminary observations showed them that the cell line did not exhibit either density-dependent inhibition or anchorage dependence. What could they conclude right away?

Suppose a biologist can separate one of a dozen pieces of chromatin from a eukaryotic (animal)nucleus. It might consist of which of the following?

Proteins that are involved in the regulation of the cell cycle, and that show fluctuations in concentration during the cell cycle, are called

The following questions are based on Figure 12.3. Figure 12.3 -In the figure above, mitosis is represented by which numbered part(s)of the cycle?

Figure 12.2 -If the cell whose nuclear material is shown in Figure 12.2 continues toward completion of mitosis, which of the following events would occur next?

What causes the decrease in the amount of cyclin at a specific point in the cell cycle?

The following information applies to the questions below. Several organisms, primarily protists, have what are called intermediate mitotic organization. -What is the most probable hypothesis about these intermediate forms of cell division?

For a newly evolving protist, what would be the advantage of using eukaryote-like cell division rather than binary fission?

What is a cleavage furrow?

Which of the following most accurately describes a cyclin?

For a chemotherapeutic drug to be useful for treating cancer cells, which of the following is most desirable?

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Photosynthesis

Cell Communication

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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