Question 1

P680⁺ is said to be the strongest biological oxidizing agent. Why?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is the receptor for the most excited electron in either photosystem. 
B)  It is the molecule that transfers electrons to plastoquinone (Pq) of the electron transfer system. 
C)  It transfers its electrons to reduce NADP⁺ to NADPH. 
D)  This molecule has a stronger attraction for electrons than oxygen, to obtain electrons from water. 
E)  It has a positive charge. 
A)  It is the receptor for the most excited electron in either photosystem. 
B)  It is the molecule that transfers electrons to plastoquinone (Pq) of the electron transfer system. 
C)  It transfers its electrons to reduce NADP⁺ to NADPH. 
D)  This molecule has a stronger attraction for electrons than oxygen, to obtain electrons from water. 
E)  It has a positive charge.

Question 2

A flask containing photosynthetic green algae and a control flask containing water with no algae are both placed under a bank of lights, which are set to cycle between 12 hours of light and 12 hours of dark. The dissolved oxygen concentrations in both flasks are monitored. Predict what the relative dissolved oxygen concentrations will be in the flask with algae compared to the control flask.

Accepted Answer

A)  The dissolved oxygen in the flask with algae will always be higher. 
B)  The dissolved oxygen in the flask with algae will always be lower. 
C)  The dissolved oxygen in the flask with algae will be higher in the light, but the same in the dark. 
D)  The dissolved oxygen in the flask with algae will be higher in the light, but lower in the dark. 
E)  The dissolved oxygen in the flask with algae will not be different from the control flask at any time. 
A)  The dissolved oxygen in the flask with algae will always be higher. 
B)  The dissolved oxygen in the flask with algae will always be lower. 
C)  The dissolved oxygen in the flask with algae will be higher in the light, but the same in the dark. 
D)  The dissolved oxygen in the flask with algae will be higher in the light, but lower in the dark. 
E)  The dissolved oxygen in the flask with algae will not be different from the control flask at any time.

Question 3

Carotenoids are often found in foods that are considered to have antioxidant properties in human nutrition. What related function do they have in plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  They serve as accessory pigments to increase light absorption. 
B)  They protect against oxidative damage from excessive light energy. 
C)  They shield the sensitive chromosomes of the plant from harmful ultraviolet radiation. 
D)  They reflect orange light and enhance red light absorption by chlorophyll. 
E)  They take up and remove toxins from the groundwater. 
A)  They serve as accessory pigments to increase light absorption. 
B)  They protect against oxidative damage from excessive light energy. 
C)  They shield the sensitive chromosomes of the plant from harmful ultraviolet radiation. 
D)  They reflect orange light and enhance red light absorption by chlorophyll. 
E)  They take up and remove toxins from the groundwater.

Question 4

Photorespiration lowers the efficiency of photosynthesis by

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon dioxide molecules. 
B)  3-phosphoglycerate molecules. 
C)  ATP molecules. 
D)  ribulose bisphosphate molecules. 
E)  RuBP carboxylase molecules. 
A)  carbon dioxide molecules. 
B)  3-phosphoglycerate molecules. 
C)  ATP molecules. 
D)  ribulose bisphosphate molecules. 
E)  RuBP carboxylase molecules.

Question 5

Use the following figure and the compounds labeled A, B, C, D, and E to answer the following questions.
   
Figure 10.2
-To identify the molecule that accepts CO₂, Calvin and Benson manipulated the carbon-fixation cycle by either cutting off CO₂ or cutting off light from cultures of photosynthetic algae. They then measured the concentrations of various metabolites immediately following the manipulation. How would these experiments help identify the CO₂ acceptor? Study Figure 10.2 to help you in determining the correct answer.

Accepted Answer

A)  The CO₂ acceptor concentration would decrease when either the CO₂ or light are cut off. 
B)  The CO₂ acceptor concentration would increase when either the CO₂ or light are cut off. 
C)  The CO₂ acceptor concentration would increase when the CO₂ is cut off, but decrease when the light is cut off. 
D)  The CO₂ acceptor concentration would decrease when the CO₂ is cut off, but increase when the light is cut off. 
E)  The CO₂ acceptor concentration would stay the same regardless of the CO₂ or light. 
A)  The CO₂ acceptor concentration would decrease when either the CO₂ or light are cut off. 
B)  The CO₂ acceptor concentration would increase when either the CO₂ or light are cut off. 
C)  The CO₂ acceptor concentration would increase when the CO₂ is cut off, but decrease when the light is cut off. 
D)  The CO₂ acceptor concentration would decrease when the CO₂ is cut off, but increase when the light is cut off. 
E)  The CO₂ acceptor concentration would stay the same regardless of the CO₂ or light.

Question 6

What does the chemiosmotic process in chloroplasts involve?

Accepted Answer

A)  establishment of a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane 
B)  diffusion of electrons through the thylakoid membrane 
C)  reduction of water to produce ATP energy 
D)  movement of water by osmosis into the thylakoid space from the stroma 
E)  formation of glucose, using carbon dioxide, NADPH, and ATP 
A)  establishment of a proton gradient across the thylakoid membrane 
B)  diffusion of electrons through the thylakoid membrane 
C)  reduction of water to produce ATP energy 
D)  movement of water by osmosis into the thylakoid space from the stroma 
E)  formation of glucose, using carbon dioxide, NADPH, and ATP

Question 7

Which of the following are products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are utilized in the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  CO₂ and glucose 
B)  H₂O and O₂ 
C)  ADP,   ᵢ, and NADP⁺ 
D)  electrons and H⁺ 
E)  ATP and NADPH 
A)  CO₂ and glucose 
B)  H₂O and O₂ 
C)  ADP,   ᵢ, and NADP⁺ 
D)  electrons and H⁺ 
E)  ATP and NADPH

Question 8

Some photosynthetic organisms contain chloroplasts that lack photosystem II, yet are able to survive. The best way to detect the lack of photosystem II in these organisms would be

Accepted Answer

A)  to determine if they have thylakoids in the chloroplasts. 
B)  to test for liberation of O₂ in the light. 
C)  to test for CO₂ fixation in the dark. 
D)  to do experiments to generate an action spectrum. 
E)  to test for production of either sucrose or starch. 
A)  to determine if they have thylakoids in the chloroplasts. 
B)  to test for liberation of O₂ in the light. 
C)  to test for CO₂ fixation in the dark. 
D)  to do experiments to generate an action spectrum. 
E)  to test for production of either sucrose or starch.

Question 9

A spaceship is designed to support animal life for a multiyear voyage to the outer planets of the solar system. Plants will be grown to provide oxygen and to recycle carbon dioxide.
-Since the spaceship will be too far from the sun for photosynthesis, an artificial light source will be needed. What wavelengths of light should be used to maximize plant growth with a minimum of energy expenditure?

Accepted Answer

A)  full-spectrum white light 
B)  green light 
C)  a mixture of blue and red light 
D)  yellow light 
E)  UV light 
A)  full-spectrum white light 
B)  green light 
C)  a mixture of blue and red light 
D)  yellow light 
E)  UV light

Question 10

Which of the following does not occur during the Calvin cycle?

Accepted Answer

A)  carbon fixation 
B)  oxidation of NADPH 
C)  release of oxygen 
D)  regeneration of the CO₂ acceptor 
E)  consumption of ATP 
A)  carbon fixation 
B)  oxidation of NADPH 
C)  release of oxygen 
D)  regeneration of the CO₂ acceptor 
E)  consumption of ATP

Question 11

Reduction of oxygen to form water occurs during

Accepted Answer

A)  photosynthesis only. 
B)  respiration only. 
C)  both photosynthesis and respiration. 
D)  neither photosynthesis nor respiration. 
E)  photorespiration only. 
A)  photosynthesis only. 
B)  respiration only. 
C)  both photosynthesis and respiration. 
D)  neither photosynthesis nor respiration. 
E)  photorespiration only.

Question 12

The NADPH required for the Calvin cycle comes from

Accepted Answer

A)  reactions initiated in photosystem I. 
B)  reactions initiated in photosystem II. 
C)  the citric acid cycle. 
D)  glycolysis. 
E)  oxidative phosphorylation. 
A)  reactions initiated in photosystem I. 
B)  reactions initiated in photosystem II. 
C)  the citric acid cycle. 
D)  glycolysis. 
E)  oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 13

What is the relationship between wavelength of light and the quantity of energy per photon?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have a direct, linear relationship. 
B)  They are inversely related. 
C)  They are logarithmically related. 
D)  They are separate phenomena. 
E)  They are only related in certain parts of the spectrum. 
A)  They have a direct, linear relationship. 
B)  They are inversely related. 
C)  They are logarithmically related. 
D)  They are separate phenomena. 
E)  They are only related in certain parts of the spectrum.

Question 14

Halobacterium has a photosynthetic membrane that is colored purple. Its photosynthetic action spectrum is exactly complementary (opposite to)the action spectrum for green plants. What wavelengths of light do the Halobacterium photosynthetic pigments absorb?

Accepted Answer

A)  red and yellow 
B)  blue, green, and red 
C)  green and yellow 
D)  red and green 
E)  blue and red 
A)  red and yellow 
B)  blue, green, and red 
C)  green and yellow 
D)  red and green 
E)  blue and red

Question 15

Three "turns" of the Calvin cycle generate a "surplus" molecule of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P). Which of the following is a consequence of this?

Accepted Answer

A)  Formation of a molecule of glucose would require nine "turns." 
B)  G3P more readily forms sucrose and other disaccharides than it does monosaccharides. 
C)  Some plants would not taste sweet to us. 
D)  The formation of sucrose and starch in plants involves assembling G3P molecules, with or without further rearrangements. 
E)  Plants accumulate and store G3P. 
A)  Formation of a molecule of glucose would require nine "turns." 
B)  G3P more readily forms sucrose and other disaccharides than it does monosaccharides. 
C)  Some plants would not taste sweet to us. 
D)  The formation of sucrose and starch in plants involves assembling G3P molecules, with or without further rearrangements. 
E)  Plants accumulate and store G3P.

Question 16

In metabolic processes of cell respiration and photosynthesis, prosthetic groups such as heme and iron-sulfur complexes are encountered in components of the electron transport chain. What do they do?

Accepted Answer

A)  donate electrons 
B)  act as reducing agents 
C)  act as oxidizing agents 
D)  transport protons within the mitochondria and chloroplasts 
E)  both oxidize and reduce during electron transport 
A)  donate electrons 
B)  act as reducing agents 
C)  act as oxidizing agents 
D)  transport protons within the mitochondria and chloroplasts 
E)  both oxidize and reduce during electron transport

Question 17

A plant has a unique photosynthetic pigment. The leaves of this plant appear to be reddish yellow. What wavelengths of visible light are being absorbed by this pigment?

Accepted Answer

A)  red and yellow 
B)  blue and violet 
C)  green and yellow 
D)  blue, green, and red 
E)  green, blue, and yellow 
A)  red and yellow 
B)  blue and violet 
C)  green and yellow 
D)  blue, green, and red 
E)  green, blue, and yellow

Question 18

The light reactions of photosynthesis supply the Calvin cycle with

Accepted Answer

A)  light energy. 
B)  CO₂ and ATP. 
C)  H₂O and NADPH. 
D)  ATP and NADPH. 
E)  sugar and O₂. 
A)  light energy. 
B)  CO₂ and ATP. 
C)  H₂O and NADPH. 
D)  ATP and NADPH. 
E)  sugar and O₂.

Question 19

Use the following figure and the compounds labeled A, B, C, D, and E to answer the following questions.
   
Figure 10.2
-If ATP used by this plant is labeled with radioactive phosphorus, which molecule or molecules of the Calvin cycle will be radioactively labeled first?

Accepted Answer

A)  B only 
B)  B and C only 
C)  B, C, and D only 
D)  B and E only 
E)  B, C, D, and E 
A)  B only 
B)  B and C only 
C)  B, C, and D only 
D)  B and E only 
E)  B, C, D, and E

Question 20

How is photosynthesis similar in C₄ plants and CAM plants?

Accepted Answer

A)  In both cases, only photosystem I is used. 
B)  Both types of plants make sugar without the Calvin cycle. 
C)  In both cases, rubisco is not used to fix carbon initially. 
D)  Both types of plants make most of their sugar in the dark. 
E)  In both cases, thylakoids are not involved in photosynthesis. 
A)  In both cases, only photosystem I is used. 
B)  Both types of plants make sugar without the Calvin cycle. 
C)  In both cases, rubisco is not used to fix carbon initially. 
D)  Both types of plants make most of their sugar in the dark. 
E)  In both cases, thylakoids are not involved in photosynthesis.

Exam 10: Photosynthesis

P680⁺ is said to be the strongest biological oxidizing agent. Why?

Carotenoids are often found in foods that are considered to have antioxidant properties in human nutrition. What related function do they have in plants?

Photorespiration lowers the efficiency of photosynthesis by

What does the chemiosmotic process in chloroplasts involve?

Which of the following are products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are utilized in the Calvin cycle?

Some photosynthetic organisms contain chloroplasts that lack photosystem II, yet are able to survive. The best way to detect the lack of photosystem II in these organisms would be

Which of the following does not occur during the Calvin cycle?

Reduction of oxygen to form water occurs during

The NADPH required for the Calvin cycle comes from

What is the relationship between wavelength of light and the quantity of energy per photon?

Halobacterium has a photosynthetic membrane that is colored purple. Its photosynthetic action spectrum is exactly complementary (opposite to)the action spectrum for green plants. What wavelengths of light do the Halobacterium photosynthetic pigments absorb?

Three "turns" of the Calvin cycle generate a "surplus" molecule of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate (G3P). Which of the following is a consequence of this?

In metabolic processes of cell respiration and photosynthesis, prosthetic groups such as heme and iron-sulfur complexes are encountered in components of the electron transport chain. What do they do?

A plant has a unique photosynthetic pigment. The leaves of this plant appear to be reddish yellow. What wavelengths of visible light are being absorbed by this pigment?

The light reactions of photosynthesis supply the Calvin cycle with

Use the following figure and the compounds labeled A, B, C, D, and E to answer the following questions. Figure 10.2 -If ATP used by this plant is labeled with radioactive phosphorus, which molecule or molecules of the Calvin cycle will be radioactively labeled first?

How is photosynthesis similar in C₄ plants and CAM plants?

Introduction: Themes in the Study of Life

The Chemical Context of Life

Water and Life

Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

The Structure and Function of Large Biological Molecules

A Tour of the Cell

Membrane Structure and Function

An Introduction to Metabolism

Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

Cell Communication

The Cell Cycle

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles

Mendel and the Gene Idea

The Chromosomal Basis of Inheritance

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

From Gene to Protein

Regulation of Gene Expression

Viruses

Biotechnology

Genomes and Their Evolution

Descent with Modification: A Darwinian View of Life

The Evolution of Populations

The Origin of Species

The History of Life on Earth

Phylogeny and the Tree of Life

Bacteria and Archaea

Protists

Plant Diversity I: How Plants Colonized Land

Plant Diversity II: The Evolution of Seed Plants

Fungi

An Overview of Animal Diversity

An Introduction to Invertebrates

The Origin and Evolution of Vertebrates

Plant Structure, Growth, and Development

Resource Acquisition and Transport in Vascular Plants

Soil and Plant Nutrition

Angiosperm Reproduction and Biotechnology

Plant Responses to Internal and External Signals

Basic Principles of Animal Form and Function

Animal Nutrition

Circulation and Gas Exchange

The Immune System

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Hormones and the Endocrine System

Animal Reproduction

Animal Development

Neurons, Synapses, and Signaling

Nervous Systems

Sensory and Motor Mechanisms

Animal Behavior

An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Population Ecology

Community Ecology

Ecosystems and Restoration Ecology

Conservation Biology and Global Change

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