Question 1

In which two alternative ways can pyruvate and NADH be metabolized?

Accepted Answer

A) fermentation; hydrolysis of PGAL 
B) condensation of PGAL; fermentation 
C) aerobic processes using the Krebs cycle; fermentation 
D) anaerobic processes using the Krebs cycle; fermentation 
E) aerobic processes using the Krebs cycle; hydrolysis of PGAL 
A) fermentation; hydrolysis of PGAL 
B) condensation of PGAL; fermentation 
C) aerobic processes using the Krebs cycle; fermentation 
D) anaerobic processes using the Krebs cycle; fermentation 
E) aerobic processes using the Krebs cycle; hydrolysis of PGAL

Question 2

Where are most of the enzymes of the Krebs cycle located?

Accepted Answer

A) in the intercristal space 
B) on the cristae 
C) on the ribosomes 
D) in the soluble phase of the mitochondrial matrix 
E) in the intermembrane space 
A) in the intercristal space 
B) on the cristae 
C) on the ribosomes 
D) in the soluble phase of the mitochondrial matrix 
E) in the intermembrane space

Question 3

Which complex found in the electron-transport chain (ETC)consists of just four polypeptides, and which high energy electron carrier shuttles its electrons into the ETC via the complex?

Accepted Answer

A) complex I; NADH 
B) complex II; NADH 
C) complex III; NADH 
D) complex II; FADH2 
E) complex III; FADH2 
A) complex I; NADH 
B) complex II; NADH 
C) complex III; NADH 
D) complex II; FADH2 
E) complex III; FADH2

Question 4

Which plant is likely to have the most active glyoxylate cycle enzymes during germination?

Accepted Answer

A) potato 
B) rose 
C) peanut 
D) wheat 
A) potato 
B) rose 
C) peanut 
D) wheat

Question 5

The balance between fusion and fission is likely a major determinant of which properties of mitochondria? (Select all correct choices)

Accepted Answer

A) number 
B) length 
C) color 
D) degree of interconnection 
A) number 
B) length 
C) color 
D) degree of interconnection

Question 6

What happens to the carbons of pyruvate that do not enter the Krebs cycle?

Accepted Answer

A) They are converted to carbohydrates. 
B) They are converted to CO2. 
C) They are converted to glucose. 
D) They are converted to ATP. 
E) They are converted to carbon monoxide (CO). 
A) They are converted to carbohydrates. 
B) They are converted to CO2. 
C) They are converted to glucose. 
D) They are converted to ATP. 
E) They are converted to carbon monoxide (CO).

Question 7

The L conformation of an ATP synthase catalytic site ________.

Accepted Answer

A) has a very low affinity for nucleotides 
B) loosely binds AMP and an inorganic phosphate group 
C) has a very low affinity for proteins 
D) binds ATP, ADP and inorganic phosphate groups tightly 
E) loosely binds ADP and an inorganic phosphate group 
A) has a very low affinity for nucleotides 
B) loosely binds AMP and an inorganic phosphate group 
C) has a very low affinity for proteins 
D) binds ATP, ADP and inorganic phosphate groups tightly 
E) loosely binds ADP and an inorganic phosphate group

Question 8

Electrochemical gradients have both _________ and __________ component.

Accepted Answer

A) a concentration, an acidic 
B) an acidic, an electrical 
C) a concentration, a basic 
D) a concentration, an electrical 
E) an acidic, a basic 
A) a concentration, an acidic 
B) an acidic, an electrical 
C) a concentration, a basic 
D) a concentration, an electrical 
E) an acidic, a basic

Question 9

What is the final electron acceptor in the electron-transport chain of aerobic respiration?

Accepted Answer

A) water 
B) carbon dioxide 
C) carbon monoxide 
D) hydrogen 
E) oxygen 
A) water 
B) carbon dioxide 
C) carbon monoxide 
D) hydrogen 
E) oxygen

Question 10

___________ exhibit lower electron affinity.

Accepted Answer

A) Strong oxidizing agents 
B) Strong elucidating agents 
C) Strong reducing agents 
D) Weak reducing agents 
E) Weak eliminating agents 
A) Strong oxidizing agents 
B) Strong elucidating agents 
C) Strong reducing agents 
D) Weak reducing agents 
E) Weak eliminating agents

Question 11

What is the name of the process by which the electron-transport chain generates the electrochemical gradient that drives ATP production in the mitochondrion?

Accepted Answer

A) osmosis 
B) diffusion 
C) facilitated diffusion 
D) chemiosmosis 
A) osmosis 
B) diffusion 
C) facilitated diffusion 
D) chemiosmosis

Question 12

In the electrochemical gradient established in mitochondria:

Accepted Answer

A) 10% of the free energy generated by the proton-motive force is derived from the voltage gradient and 90% is derived from the chemical gradient 
B) 80% of the free energy generated by the proton-motive force is derived from the voltage gradient and 20% is derived from the chemical gradient 
C) 59% of the free energy generated by the proton-motive force is derived from the voltage gradient and 41% is derived from the chemical gradient 
D) 65% of the free energy generated by the proton-motive force is derived from the voltage gradient and 35% is derived from the chemical gradient 
A) 10% of the free energy generated by the proton-motive force is derived from the voltage gradient and 90% is derived from the chemical gradient 
B) 80% of the free energy generated by the proton-motive force is derived from the voltage gradient and 20% is derived from the chemical gradient 
C) 59% of the free energy generated by the proton-motive force is derived from the voltage gradient and 41% is derived from the chemical gradient 
D) 65% of the free energy generated by the proton-motive force is derived from the voltage gradient and 35% is derived from the chemical gradient

Question 13

What properties do mitochondria share with peroxisomes?

Accepted Answer

A) Both form by splitting from preexisting organelles, using some of the same proteins to accomplish the feat. 
B) Both import preformed proteins from the cytosol. 
C) Both engage in similar types of oxidative metabolism. 
D) At least one enzyme is found in the mitochondria of some mammals and the peroxisomes of others. 
E) All of these are correct. 
A) Both form by splitting from preexisting organelles, using some of the same proteins to accomplish the feat. 
B) Both import preformed proteins from the cytosol. 
C) Both engage in similar types of oxidative metabolism. 
D) At least one enzyme is found in the mitochondria of some mammals and the peroxisomes of others. 
E) All of these are correct.

Question 14

Why is mitochondrial DNA more mutation prone than nuclear DNA? (Select all correct choices)

Accepted Answer

A) there are more mitochondrial genomes than nuclear genomes, creating a higher probability of mutation 
B) nuclear DNA is shielded by a double membrane whereas mitochondia are surrounded by a single membrane layer 
C) nuclear DNA is more likely to have error repair than mitochondrial DNA 
D) more reactive oxygen species are generated within mitochondria than within the nucleus 
A) there are more mitochondrial genomes than nuclear genomes, creating a higher probability of mutation 
B) nuclear DNA is shielded by a double membrane whereas mitochondia are surrounded by a single membrane layer 
C) nuclear DNA is more likely to have error repair than mitochondrial DNA 
D) more reactive oxygen species are generated within mitochondria than within the nucleus

Question 15

What advantage do the cristae confer on the mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

A) They allow the mitochondria to shrink. 
B) They greatly increase the surface area for aerobic respiration machinery. 
C) They confer resiliency on the cells. 
D) They allow swelling of mitochondria. 
E) They activate the matrix. 
A) They allow the mitochondria to shrink. 
B) They greatly increase the surface area for aerobic respiration machinery. 
C) They confer resiliency on the cells. 
D) They allow swelling of mitochondria. 
E) They activate the matrix.

Question 16

Of the five types of electron carriers, which accept and donate both protons and electrons? (Select all correct choices)

Accepted Answer

A) flavoproteins 
B) cytochromes 
C) copper atom containing carriers 
D) ubiquinone 
E) iron-sulfur proteins 
A) flavoproteins 
B) cytochromes 
C) copper atom containing carriers 
D) ubiquinone 
E) iron-sulfur proteins

Question 17

The presence of Ca2+ ion transport molecules in the inner mitochondrial membrane is consistent with the mitochondrion's role in _______.

Accepted Answer

A) muscle contraction 
B) regulating cytosolic Ca2+ ion concentration 
C) ATP production 
D) ADP production 
E) control of membrane fusion 
A) muscle contraction 
B) regulating cytosolic Ca2+ ion concentration 
C) ATP production 
D) ADP production 
E) control of membrane fusion

Question 18

How many carbons from one original glucose molecule enters the Krebs cycle in a cell capable of respiration?

Accepted Answer

A) 0 
B) 1 
C) 2 
D) 4 
E) 5 
A) 0 
B) 1 
C) 2 
D) 4 
E) 5

Question 19

Spontaneous oxidation-reduction (redox)reactions are accompanied by ________.

Accepted Answer

A) a gain of heat energy 
B) a loss of free energy 
C) a gain of free energy 
D) a loss of heat energy 
E) a gain of heat loss 
A) a gain of heat energy 
B) a loss of free energy 
C) a gain of free energy 
D) a loss of heat energy 
E) a gain of heat loss

Question 20

How many catalytic sites does ATP synthase possess?

Accepted Answer

A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 6 
E) 4 
A) 1 
B) 2 
C) 3 
D) 6 
E) 4

In which two alternative ways can pyruvate and NADH be metabolized?

Where are most of the enzymes of the Krebs cycle located?

Which complex found in the electron-transport chain (ETC)consists of just four polypeptides, and which high energy electron carrier shuttles its electrons into the ETC via the complex?

Which plant is likely to have the most active glyoxylate cycle enzymes during germination?

The balance between fusion and fission is likely a major determinant of which properties of mitochondria? (Select all correct choices)

What happens to the carbons of pyruvate that do not enter the Krebs cycle?

The L conformation of an ATP synthase catalytic site ________.

Electrochemical gradients have both _ and __ component.

What is the final electron acceptor in the electron-transport chain of aerobic respiration?

___________ exhibit lower electron affinity.

What is the name of the process by which the electron-transport chain generates the electrochemical gradient that drives ATP production in the mitochondrion?

In the electrochemical gradient established in mitochondria:

What properties do mitochondria share with peroxisomes?

Why is mitochondrial DNA more mutation prone than nuclear DNA? (Select all correct choices)

What advantage do the cristae confer on the mitochondria?

Of the five types of electron carriers, which accept and donate both protons and electrons? (Select all correct choices)

The presence of Ca²⁺ ion transport molecules in the inner mitochondrial membrane is consistent with the mitochondrion's role in _______.

How many carbons from one original glucose molecule enters the Krebs cycle in a cell capable of respiration?

Spontaneous oxidation-reduction (redox)reactions are accompanied by ________.

How many catalytic sites does ATP synthase possess?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

Exam 5: Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

In which two alternative ways can pyruvate and NADH be metabolized?

Where are most of the enzymes of the Krebs cycle located?

Which complex found in the electron-transport chain (ETC)consists of just four polypeptides, and which high energy electron carrier shuttles its electrons into the ETC via the complex?

Which plant is likely to have the most active glyoxylate cycle enzymes during germination?

The balance between fusion and fission is likely a major determinant of which properties of mitochondria? (Select all correct choices)

What happens to the carbons of pyruvate that do not enter the Krebs cycle?

The L conformation of an ATP synthase catalytic site ________.

Electrochemical gradients have both _________ and __________ component.

What is the final electron acceptor in the electron-transport chain of aerobic respiration?

___________ exhibit lower electron affinity.

What is the name of the process by which the electron-transport chain generates the electrochemical gradient that drives ATP production in the mitochondrion?

In the electrochemical gradient established in mitochondria:

What properties do mitochondria share with peroxisomes?

Why is mitochondrial DNA more mutation prone than nuclear DNA? (Select all correct choices)

What advantage do the cristae confer on the mitochondria?

Of the five types of electron carriers, which accept and donate both protons and electrons? (Select all correct choices)

The presence of Ca2+ ion transport molecules in the inner mitochondrial membrane is consistent with the mitochondrion's role in _______.

How many carbons from one original glucose molecule enters the Krebs cycle in a cell capable of respiration?

Spontaneous oxidation-reduction (redox)reactions are accompanied by ________.

How many catalytic sites does ATP synthase possess?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

Electrochemical gradients have both _ and __ component.

The presence of Ca²⁺ ion transport molecules in the inner mitochondrial membrane is consistent with the mitochondrion's role in _______.