Question 1

What stimulus triggered by the binding of acetylcholine then activates nitric oxide synthase?

Accepted Answer

A) a rise in cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration 
B) a drop in cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration 
C) an action potential 
D) cellular hyperpolarization 
E) release of cGMP 
A) a rise in cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration 
B) a drop in cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration 
C) an action potential 
D) cellular hyperpolarization 
E) release of cGMP

Question 2

Most protein kinases commonly transfer phosphate groups to which amino acid(s)? (Select all correct choices)

Accepted Answer

A) glutamate 
B) threonine 
C) serine 
D) tryptophan 
A) glutamate 
B) threonine 
C) serine 
D) tryptophan

Question 3

What is the reason for the withdrawal of cells from the cell cycle after exposure to stressful stimuli, like X-rays and damaging chemicals?

Accepted Answer

A) It gives the cell time to repair damage resulting from such adverse conditions. 
B) It allows the cell to initiate programmed cell death. 
C) It allows cells to initiate sodium transport. 
D) It allows the cell to secrete defensive chemicals. 
E) It gives the cell time to switch its developmental pathways. 
A) It gives the cell time to repair damage resulting from such adverse conditions. 
B) It allows the cell to initiate programmed cell death. 
C) It allows cells to initiate sodium transport. 
D) It allows the cell to secrete defensive chemicals. 
E) It gives the cell time to switch its developmental pathways.

Question 4

In which organism below has calmodulin not been found?

Accepted Answer

A) plants 
B) animals 
C) bacteria 
D) yeasts 
E) humans 
A) plants 
B) animals 
C) bacteria 
D) yeasts 
E) humans

Question 5

To which amino acid is nitric oxide added, altering the activity, turnover and/or interactions of proteins like hemoglobin, Ras, ryanodine channels and caspases?

Accepted Answer

A) alanine 
B) cysteine 
C) methionine 
D) asparagine 
E) phenylalanine 
A) alanine 
B) cysteine 
C) methionine 
D) asparagine 
E) phenylalanine

Question 6

What kind of enzyme activity does the Ras protein display?

Accepted Answer

A) ATPase 
B) kinase 
C) phosphodiesterase 
D) GTPase 
E) phosphatase 
A) ATPase 
B) kinase 
C) phosphodiesterase 
D) GTPase 
E) phosphatase

Question 7

Among the agents that can cause ryanodine receptors to open are _______ ions, in a phenomenon called _______.

Accepted Answer

A) calcium, calcium-integrated calcium release 
B) calcium, calcium-induced calcium release 
C) potassium, potassium-induced calcium release 
D) chlorine, chlorine-induced calcium release 
E) copper, copper-induced calcium release 
A) calcium, calcium-integrated calcium release 
B) calcium, calcium-induced calcium release 
C) potassium, potassium-induced calcium release 
D) chlorine, chlorine-induced calcium release 
E) copper, copper-induced calcium release

Question 8

What might cause a person to have an inability to detect a particular chemical in the environment that most other members of the population can perceive?

Accepted Answer

A) mutations is a specific gene encoding the odorant receptor for that particular chemical 
B) mutations in the genes for all odorant molecules 
C) mutations in the genes for G proteins 
D) mutations in the genes for neurotransmitters 
E) mutations in the gene for one neurotransmitter 
A) mutations is a specific gene encoding the odorant receptor for that particular chemical 
B) mutations in the genes for all odorant molecules 
C) mutations in the genes for G proteins 
D) mutations in the genes for neurotransmitters 
E) mutations in the gene for one neurotransmitter

Question 9

A family of proteins homologous to the products of the CED-3 gene in C. elegans has been discovered in mammals. What is this family of proteins called?

Accepted Answer

A) capsidases 
B) caspases 
C) capsasins 
D) capsulases 
E) apoptases 
A) capsidases 
B) caspases 
C) capsasins 
D) capsulases 
E) apoptases

Question 10

What part of an insulin-receptor substrate binds to tyrosine phosphorylation sites on the activated insulin receptor?

Accepted Answer

A) an N-terminal PH domain 
B) a phosphotyrosine binding domain 
C) a long tail containing tyrosine phosphorylation sites 
D) a C-terminal PH domain 
E) a PKB domain 
A) an N-terminal PH domain 
B) a phosphotyrosine binding domain 
C) a long tail containing tyrosine phosphorylation sites 
D) a C-terminal PH domain 
E) a PKB domain

Question 11

While bound to phosphorylated GPCRs, to what else can arrestins bind?

Accepted Answer

A) G proteins 
B) clathrin molecules in clathrin-coated pits 
C) other arrestins 
D) hormones 
E) GRKs 
A) G proteins 
B) clathrin molecules in clathrin-coated pits 
C) other arrestins 
D) hormones 
E) GRKs

Question 12

The process that blocks active receptors from turning on additional G proteins is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A) hypersensitization 
B) desensitization 
C) hyposensitization 
D) deactivation 
E) sensitivitization 
A) hypersensitization 
B) desensitization 
C) hyposensitization 
D) deactivation 
E) sensitivitization

Question 13

The concentration of calcium ions in the ER lumen, the plant cell vacuole and the extracellular space are on average more than _______ times higher than in the cytosol.

Accepted Answer

A) 10 
B) 100 
C) 1,000 
D) 10,000 
E) 1,000,000 
A) 10 
B) 100 
C) 1,000 
D) 10,000 
E) 1,000,000

Question 14

In order to begin desensitization, the ________ domain of the activated G protein-coupled receptor is phosphorylated by a specific enzyme called a ________.

Accepted Answer

A) extracellular, G protein-coupled receptor kinase 
B) extracellular, G protein-coupled receptor phosphatase 
C) cytoplasmic, G protein-coupled receptor kinase 
D) cytoplasmic, G protein-coupled receptor phosphatase 
E) extracellular, GRK 
A) extracellular, G protein-coupled receptor kinase 
B) extracellular, G protein-coupled receptor phosphatase 
C) cytoplasmic, G protein-coupled receptor kinase 
D) cytoplasmic, G protein-coupled receptor phosphatase 
E) extracellular, GRK

Question 15

Which characteristic below is essential for a biosensor to function effectively?

Accepted Answer

A) ability to detect a wide range of similar chemicals as a single input 
B) fluctuation of accuracy as environmental conditions vary 
C) stability in the face of environmental factors such as temperature fluctuations 
D) ability to detect chemicals only when they are present in large concentrations 
A) ability to detect a wide range of similar chemicals as a single input 
B) fluctuation of accuracy as environmental conditions vary 
C) stability in the face of environmental factors such as temperature fluctuations 
D) ability to detect chemicals only when they are present in large concentrations

Question 16

Which of the following are NOT natural ligands that bind to G protein-coupled receptors?

Accepted Answer

A) hormones 
B) neurotransmitters 
C) chemoattractants 
D) opium derivatives 
E) steroid hormones 
A) hormones 
B) neurotransmitters 
C) chemoattractants 
D) opium derivatives 
E) steroid hormones

Question 17

What agent made by endothelial cells makes blood vessel smooth muscle cells relax?

Accepted Answer

A) nitrous oxide 
B) acetylcholine 
C) nitric oxide 
D) cAMP 
E) cGMP 
A) nitrous oxide 
B) acetylcholine 
C) nitric oxide 
D) cAMP 
E) cGMP

Question 18

What is activated by calcium ions entering an egg cell just after fertilization?

Accepted Answer

A) protein kinase A 
B) insulin 
C) cyclin-dependent kinases that drive the zygote toward its first mitotic division 
D) cyclin-dependent kinases that drive the zygote toward its first meiotic division 
E) glucagon-dependent kinases that drive the zygote toward its first mitotic division 
A) protein kinase A 
B) insulin 
C) cyclin-dependent kinases that drive the zygote toward its first mitotic division 
D) cyclin-dependent kinases that drive the zygote toward its first meiotic division 
E) glucagon-dependent kinases that drive the zygote toward its first mitotic division

Question 19

Evidence suggests that TNFR1 is present in the plasma membrane as __________.

Accepted Answer

A) a preassembled trimer 
B) a preasembled dimer 
C) a disassembled trimer 
D) a disassembled dimer 
E) a tetrameric trimer 
A) a preassembled trimer 
B) a preasembled dimer 
C) a disassembled trimer 
D) a disassembled dimer 
E) a tetrameric trimer

Question 20

When a signal is initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand, what is the immediate outcome of that signal?

Accepted Answer

A) A protein in the middle of an intracellular signaling pathway is activated. 
B) A protein at the top of an intracellular signaling pathway is activated. 
C) A protein at the top of an extracellular signaling pathway is activated. 
D) A protein at the top of an intracellular signaling pathway is deactivated. 
E) A protein at the bottom of an intracellular signaling pathway is activated. 
A) A protein in the middle of an intracellular signaling pathway is activated. 
B) A protein at the top of an intracellular signaling pathway is activated. 
C) A protein at the top of an extracellular signaling pathway is activated. 
D) A protein at the top of an intracellular signaling pathway is deactivated. 
E) A protein at the bottom of an intracellular signaling pathway is activated.

What stimulus triggered by the binding of acetylcholine then activates nitric oxide synthase?

Most protein kinases commonly transfer phosphate groups to which amino acid(s)? (Select all correct choices)

What is the reason for the withdrawal of cells from the cell cycle after exposure to stressful stimuli, like X-rays and damaging chemicals?

In which organism below has calmodulin not been found?

To which amino acid is nitric oxide added, altering the activity, turnover and/or interactions of proteins like hemoglobin, Ras, ryanodine channels and caspases?

What kind of enzyme activity does the Ras protein display?

Among the agents that can cause ryanodine receptors to open are _ ions, in a phenomenon called _.

What might cause a person to have an inability to detect a particular chemical in the environment that most other members of the population can perceive?

A family of proteins homologous to the products of the CED-3 gene in C. elegans has been discovered in mammals. What is this family of proteins called?

What part of an insulin-receptor substrate binds to tyrosine phosphorylation sites on the activated insulin receptor?

While bound to phosphorylated GPCRs, to what else can arrestins bind?

The process that blocks active receptors from turning on additional G proteins is called ________.

The concentration of calcium ions in the ER lumen, the plant cell vacuole and the extracellular space are on average more than _______ times higher than in the cytosol.

In order to begin desensitization, the domain of the activated G protein-coupled receptor is phosphorylated by a specific enzyme called a .

Which characteristic below is essential for a biosensor to function effectively?

Which of the following are NOT natural ligands that bind to G protein-coupled receptors?

What agent made by endothelial cells makes blood vessel smooth muscle cells relax?

What is activated by calcium ions entering an egg cell just after fertilization?

Evidence suggests that TNFR1 is present in the plasma membrane as __________.

When a signal is initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand, what is the immediate outcome of that signal?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

Exam 15: Cell Signaling and Signal Transduction: Communication Between Cells

What stimulus triggered by the binding of acetylcholine then activates nitric oxide synthase?

Most protein kinases commonly transfer phosphate groups to which amino acid(s)? (Select all correct choices)

What is the reason for the withdrawal of cells from the cell cycle after exposure to stressful stimuli, like X-rays and damaging chemicals?

In which organism below has calmodulin not been found?

To which amino acid is nitric oxide added, altering the activity, turnover and/or interactions of proteins like hemoglobin, Ras, ryanodine channels and caspases?

What kind of enzyme activity does the Ras protein display?

Among the agents that can cause ryanodine receptors to open are _______ ions, in a phenomenon called _______.

What might cause a person to have an inability to detect a particular chemical in the environment that most other members of the population can perceive?

A family of proteins homologous to the products of the CED-3 gene in C. elegans has been discovered in mammals. What is this family of proteins called?

What part of an insulin-receptor substrate binds to tyrosine phosphorylation sites on the activated insulin receptor?

While bound to phosphorylated GPCRs, to what else can arrestins bind?

The process that blocks active receptors from turning on additional G proteins is called ________.

The concentration of calcium ions in the ER lumen, the plant cell vacuole and the extracellular space are on average more than _______ times higher than in the cytosol.

In order to begin desensitization, the ________ domain of the activated G protein-coupled receptor is phosphorylated by a specific enzyme called a ________.

Which characteristic below is essential for a biosensor to function effectively?

Which of the following are NOT natural ligands that bind to G protein-coupled receptors?

What agent made by endothelial cells makes blood vessel smooth muscle cells relax?

What is activated by calcium ions entering an egg cell just after fertilization?

Evidence suggests that TNFR1 is present in the plasma membrane as __________.

When a signal is initiated by the binding of an extracellular ligand, what is the immediate outcome of that signal?

Introduction to the Study of Cell and Molecular Biology

The Chemical Basis of Life

Bioenergetics, Enzymes and Metabolism

The Structure and Function of the Plasma Membrane

Aerobic Respiration and the Mitochondrion

Photosynthesis and the Chloroplast

Interactions Between Cells and Their Environment

Cytoplasmic Membrane Systems: Structure, Function, and Membrane Trafficking

The Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility

The Nature of the Gene and the Genome

Gene Expression: From Transcription to Translation

Control of Gene Expression

Dna Replication and Repair

Cellular Reproduction

Cancer

The Immune Response

Techniques in Cell and Molecular Biology

Filters

Among the agents that can cause ryanodine receptors to open are _ ions, in a phenomenon called _.

In order to begin desensitization, the domain of the activated G protein-coupled receptor is phosphorylated by a specific enzyme called a .