Question 1

Taste signals from the ventral posterior medial nucleus of thalamus travel first to the:

Accepted Answer

A)  orbitofrontal cortex. 
B)  hypothalamus. 
C)  amygdala. 
D)  primary taste cortex. 
A)  orbitofrontal cortex. 
B)  hypothalamus. 
C)  amygdala. 
D)  primary taste cortex.

Question 2

In the context of perception of flavor, headonics refers to the degree to which:

Accepted Answer

A)  chemothesis signals the presence of irritants. 
B)  flavorful food makes an appealing sound while biting. 
C)  flavorful food looks appetizing. 
D)  a taste is pleasant or unpleasant. 
A)  chemothesis signals the presence of irritants. 
B)  flavorful food makes an appealing sound while biting. 
C)  flavorful food looks appetizing. 
D)  a taste is pleasant or unpleasant.

Question 3

Which statement is NOT true of artificial sweeteners?

Accepted Answer

A)  They help people reduce their caloric intake. 
B)  They lower blood glucose levels. 
C)  They are not as effective as sucrose in satisfying the desire for ingesting sweet substances. 
D)  They signal the presence of protein in food. 
A)  They help people reduce their caloric intake. 
B)  They lower blood glucose levels. 
C)  They are not as effective as sucrose in satisfying the desire for ingesting sweet substances. 
D)  They signal the presence of protein in food.

Question 4

Individuals who have the PAV version of the gene that codes for a specific receptor (T2R38) and can detect propylthiouracil (PROP) at low concentrations are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  nontasters. 
B)  tasters. 
C)  supertasters. 
D)  cross-adaptors. 
A)  nontasters. 
B)  tasters. 
C)  supertasters. 
D)  cross-adaptors.

Question 5

A study was conducted by Brochet and Morrot (1999) in which knowledgeable wine students were asked to describe the flavor of wines poured from two different bottles. One bottle was labeled as a basic table wine and the other as a high-end grand cru wine. The two wines were identical and only the bottles differed. During this study, the students:

Accepted Answer

A)  preferred the basic table wine. 
B)  preferred the high-end wine. 
C)  had no specific preferences. 
D)  realized that the wines were identical. 
A)  preferred the basic table wine. 
B)  preferred the high-end wine. 
C)  had no specific preferences. 
D)  realized that the wines were identical.

Question 6

_____ could have the beneficial effect of ensuring that one's diet contains a variety of foods that would help avoid nutritional deficiencies associated with a limited diet.

Accepted Answer

A)  Filiform papillae 
B)  Cell-to-cell signaling 
C)  Sensory-specific satiety 
D)  Labeled-line modeling 
A)  Filiform papillae 
B)  Cell-to-cell signaling 
C)  Sensory-specific satiety 
D)  Labeled-line modeling

Question 7

_____ tastants are transduced by receptor cells containing a category of GPCRs known as the T2Rs.

Accepted Answer

A)  Sweet 
B)  Sour 
C)  Umami 
D)  Bitter 
A)  Sweet 
B)  Sour 
C)  Umami 
D)  Bitter

Question 8

Which statement about taste receptor cells is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  They are elongated neurons, packed within taste buds. 
B)  They last for about a week and are then replaced. 
C)  They transduce odorants into neural signals. 
D)  They are of two types. 
A)  They are elongated neurons, packed within taste buds. 
B)  They last for about a week and are then replaced. 
C)  They transduce odorants into neural signals. 
D)  They are of two types.

Question 9

The epithelial sodium channel is used as a mechanism for the transduction of:

Accepted Answer

A)  sodium ions in relatively low concentrations. 
B)  a wide variety of sodium ions in aversively high concentrations. 
C)  molecules from amino acids and proteins. 
D)  citric acid and acetic acid containing hydrogen ions. 
A)  sodium ions in relatively low concentrations. 
B)  a wide variety of sodium ions in aversively high concentrations. 
C)  molecules from amino acids and proteins. 
D)  citric acid and acetic acid containing hydrogen ions.

Question 10

The tingling sensation produced by _____ contributes to flavor via the trigeminal sense.

Accepted Answer

A)  candies 
B)  brussels sprouts 
C)  potato chips 
D)  carbonated beverages 
A)  candies 
B)  brussels sprouts 
C)  potato chips 
D)  carbonated beverages

Question 11

Signals from receptor cells to presynaptic cells cause the release of neurotransmitters in a way that carries information about sweet, umami, and bitter tastants. This is termed as:

Accepted Answer

A)  labeled-line modeling. 
B)  across-fiber pattern modeling. 
C)  cell-to-cell signaling. 
D)  metabolic signaling. 
A)  labeled-line modeling. 
B)  across-fiber pattern modeling. 
C)  cell-to-cell signaling. 
D)  metabolic signaling.

Question 12

James was having spaghetti for dinner. After a while, he told his mother that he was too full and could not eat anymore. However, he ate a piece of cake. This illustrates:

Accepted Answer

A)  cross-adaptation. 
B)  adaptation. 
C)  metabolic signaling. 
D)  sensory-specific satiety. 
A)  cross-adaptation. 
B)  adaptation. 
C)  metabolic signaling. 
D)  sensory-specific satiety.

Question 13

_____ papillae are tiny mushroom-shaped structures located along the edges and top of the front two-thirds of the tongue.

Accepted Answer

A)  Fungiform 
B)  Foliate 
C)  Circumvallate 
D)  Filiform 
A)  Fungiform 
B)  Foliate 
C)  Circumvallate 
D)  Filiform

Question 14

The basic taste qualities that are associated with nutritive needs are:

Accepted Answer

A)  sweet, sour, and bitter. 
B)  sour, umami, and bitter. 
C)  salty, sweet, and umami. 
D)  bitter and sour. 
A)  sweet, sour, and bitter. 
B)  sour, umami, and bitter. 
C)  salty, sweet, and umami. 
D)  bitter and sour.

Question 15

_____ proposes that each cranial nerve fiber carries signals from multiple taste receptor types and that the cortical neurons receiving these signals are broadly tuned to respond to signals carrying information about multiple types of tastants.

Accepted Answer

A)  Labeled-line modeling 
B)  Across-fiber pattern modeling 
C)  Cell-to-cell signaling 
D)  Metabolic signaling 
A)  Labeled-line modeling 
B)  Across-fiber pattern modeling 
C)  Cell-to-cell signaling 
D)  Metabolic signaling

Question 16

_____ tastant molecules are transduced by receptor cells that contain T1R1-T1R3 receptor pairs.

Accepted Answer

A)  Sweet 
B)  Sour 
C)  Umami 
D)  Bitter 
A)  Sweet 
B)  Sour 
C)  Umami 
D)  Bitter

Question 17

The FIRST step in cell-to-cell signaling is the:

Accepted Answer

A)  reception of taste signals by the cortical neurons. 
B)  stimulation of cranial nerve fibers within the taste bud. 
C)  release of adenosine triphosphate by the receptor cells. 
D)  release of serotonin by the presynaptic cells. 
A)  reception of taste signals by the cortical neurons. 
B)  stimulation of cranial nerve fibers within the taste bud. 
C)  release of adenosine triphosphate by the receptor cells. 
D)  release of serotonin by the presynaptic cells.

Question 18

The diversity of T2Rs reflects that the mammalian taste system has evolved in such a manner that:

Accepted Answer

A)  an audible crunch makes food taste crisper and fresher. 
B)  food that looks appetizing seems especially flavorful. 
C)  all toxic substances taste bitter. 
D)  the trigeminal sense signals the presence of irritants in the mouth. 
A)  an audible crunch makes food taste crisper and fresher. 
B)  food that looks appetizing seems especially flavorful. 
C)  all toxic substances taste bitter. 
D)  the trigeminal sense signals the presence of irritants in the mouth.

Question 19

In the context of individual differences in taste and flavor perception, phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) and propylthiouracil (PROP) taste:

Accepted Answer

A)  sweet. 
B)  salty. 
C)  bitter. 
D)  sour. 
A)  sweet. 
B)  salty. 
C)  bitter. 
D)  sour.

Question 20

Explain the difference between the labeled-line model and the across-fiber pattern model. Which model seems to have more support based on studies?

Accepted Answer

The labeled-line model proposes that eac

Taste signals from the ventral posterior medial nucleus of thalamus travel first to the:

In the context of perception of flavor, headonics refers to the degree to which:

Which statement is NOT true of artificial sweeteners?

Individuals who have the PAV version of the gene that codes for a specific receptor (T2R38) and can detect propylthiouracil (PROP) at low concentrations are called:

_____ could have the beneficial effect of ensuring that one's diet contains a variety of foods that would help avoid nutritional deficiencies associated with a limited diet.

_____ tastants are transduced by receptor cells containing a category of GPCRs known as the T2Rs.

Which statement about taste receptor cells is FALSE?

The epithelial sodium channel is used as a mechanism for the transduction of:

The tingling sensation produced by _____ contributes to flavor via the trigeminal sense.

Signals from receptor cells to presynaptic cells cause the release of neurotransmitters in a way that carries information about sweet, umami, and bitter tastants. This is termed as:

James was having spaghetti for dinner. After a while, he told his mother that he was too full and could not eat anymore. However, he ate a piece of cake. This illustrates:

_____ papillae are tiny mushroom-shaped structures located along the edges and top of the front two-thirds of the tongue.

The basic taste qualities that are associated with nutritive needs are:

_____ proposes that each cranial nerve fiber carries signals from multiple taste receptor types and that the cortical neurons receiving these signals are broadly tuned to respond to signals carrying information about multiple types of tastants.

_____ tastant molecules are transduced by receptor cells that contain T1R1-T1R3 receptor pairs.

The FIRST step in cell-to-cell signaling is the:

The diversity of T2Rs reflects that the mammalian taste system has evolved in such a manner that:

In the context of individual differences in taste and flavor perception, phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) and propylthiouracil (PROP) taste:

Explain the difference between the labeled-line model and the across-fiber pattern model. Which model seems to have more support based on studies?

Foundations

Light and the Eyes

The Visual Brain

Recognizing Visual Objects

Perceiving Color

Perceiving Depth

Perceiving Motion

Perception for Action

Attention and Awareness

Sound and the Ears

The Auditory Brain and Perceiving Auditory Scenes

Perceiving Speech and Music

The Body Senses

Olfaction: Perceiving Odors

Filters

Exam 15: Gustation: Perceiving Tastes and Flavors

Taste signals from the ventral posterior medial nucleus of thalamus travel first to the:

In the context of perception of flavor, headonics refers to the degree to which:

Which statement is NOT true of artificial sweeteners?

Individuals who have the PAV version of the gene that codes for a specific receptor (T2R38) and can detect propylthiouracil (PROP) at low concentrations are called:

_____ could have the beneficial effect of ensuring that one's diet contains a variety of foods that would help avoid nutritional deficiencies associated with a limited diet.

_____ tastants are transduced by receptor cells containing a category of GPCRs known as the T2Rs.

Which statement about taste receptor cells is FALSE?

The epithelial sodium channel is used as a mechanism for the transduction of:

The tingling sensation produced by _____ contributes to flavor via the trigeminal sense.

Signals from receptor cells to presynaptic cells cause the release of neurotransmitters in a way that carries information about sweet, umami, and bitter tastants. This is termed as:

James was having spaghetti for dinner. After a while, he told his mother that he was too full and could not eat anymore. However, he ate a piece of cake. This illustrates:

_____ papillae are tiny mushroom-shaped structures located along the edges and top of the front two-thirds of the tongue.

The basic taste qualities that are associated with nutritive needs are:

_____ proposes that each cranial nerve fiber carries signals from multiple taste receptor types and that the cortical neurons receiving these signals are broadly tuned to respond to signals carrying information about multiple types of tastants.

_____ tastant molecules are transduced by receptor cells that contain T1R1-T1R3 receptor pairs.

The FIRST step in cell-to-cell signaling is the:

The diversity of T2Rs reflects that the mammalian taste system has evolved in such a manner that:

In the context of individual differences in taste and flavor perception, phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) and propylthiouracil (PROP) taste:

Explain the difference between the labeled-line model and the across-fiber pattern model. Which model seems to have more support based on studies?

Foundations

Light and the Eyes

The Visual Brain

Recognizing Visual Objects

Perceiving Color

Perceiving Depth

Perceiving Motion

Perception for Action

Attention and Awareness

Sound and the Ears

The Auditory Brain and Perceiving Auditory Scenes

Perceiving Speech and Music

The Body Senses

Olfaction: Perceiving Odors

Filters