Question 1

The total sensory experience evoked by ingesting something is called:

Accepted Answer

A)  taste. 
B)  flavor. 
C)  olfaction. 
D)  audition. 
A)  taste. 
B)  flavor. 
C)  olfaction. 
D)  audition. B

Question 2

Tastants are transduced into neural signals by the:

Accepted Answer

A)  amygdala. 
B)  taste receptor cells. 
C)  orbitofrontal cortex. 
D)  hypothalamus. 
A)  amygdala. 
B)  taste receptor cells. 
C)  orbitofrontal cortex. 
D)  hypothalamus. B

Question 3

Do you think that an eMouth, a robotic mouth, could be invented that would be capable of experiencing flavors as people do? What problems would have to be addressed in creating eMouth?

Accepted Answer

Students' responses may vary. There are multiple ways to address this question. However, they should reflect a student's knowledge of the mechanisms behind flavor and taste. For example, one could envision a system of sensors, one corresponding to each of the five basic tastes: sweet, salty, sour, umami, and bitter. These sensors could produce a combined code for each food's overall taste profile. In addition, eMouth would have to be able to process the other components of flavor, including odor and mouth feel. This means that eMouth would possibly need to have its own eNose. Mouth feel is highly tactile, so eMouth would require some form of haptic feedback as well as temperature detection, and even if the flavor components could be adequately analyzed, the more vexing problem would be for eMouth to indicate the affective value of a food.

Question 4

In the context of trigeminal sense, "mouth feel" of food does NOT include factors such as:

Accepted Answer

A)  temperature (cold to hot). 
B)  sweetness (as from sucrose). 
C)  spiciness (as from chili peppers). 
D)  coolness (as from mint). 
A)  temperature (cold to hot). 
B)  sweetness (as from sucrose). 
C)  spiciness (as from chili peppers). 
D)  coolness (as from mint).

Question 5

_____ papillae are small ridge like folds located on the sides of the tongue near the back.

Accepted Answer

A)  Fungiform 
B)  Foliate 
C)  Circumvallate 
D)  Filiform 
A)  Fungiform 
B)  Foliate 
C)  Circumvallate 
D)  Filiform

Question 6

The _____ taste quality warns an individual of toxic or inedible substances.

Accepted Answer

A)  mildly sweet 
B)  strongly bitter 
C)  salty 
D)  umami 
A)  mildly sweet 
B)  strongly bitter 
C)  salty 
D)  umami

Question 7

Differentiate between tasters, supertasters, and nontasters.

Accepted Answer

Tasters have the PAV version of the gene

Question 8

The orbitofrontal cortex represents:

Accepted Answer

A)  hunger. 
B)  emotion. 
C)  the taste quality of food. 
D)  the reward value of food. 
A)  hunger. 
B)  emotion. 
C)  the taste quality of food. 
D)  the reward value of food.

Question 9

The trigeminal sense:

Accepted Answer

A)  signals the presence of irritants in the mouth. 
B)  regulates blood pressure and blood volume. 
C)  facilitates normal functioning of the brain. 
D)  signals the presence of protein in food. 
A)  signals the presence of irritants in the mouth. 
B)  regulates blood pressure and blood volume. 
C)  facilitates normal functioning of the brain. 
D)  signals the presence of protein in food.

Question 10

Artificial sweeteners:

Accepted Answer

A)  help people lose weight. 
B)  lower blood glucose levels. 
C)  signal the presence of protein in food. 
D)  activate the primary taste cortex and orbitofrontal cortex more than sugar does. 
A)  help people lose weight. 
B)  lower blood glucose levels. 
C)  signal the presence of protein in food. 
D)  activate the primary taste cortex and orbitofrontal cortex more than sugar does.

Question 11

According to the study conducted by Plasssman et al. (2008), a group of participants sipped wine while their brain activity was being recorded using fMRI. In one condition, they were told that the wine cost $10 a bottle; in another condition, they were told it cost $90. The same wine was served in both conditions. According to the results, brain activity in the:

Accepted Answer

A)  orbitofrontal cortex increased more quickly in response to the $90 wine. 
B)  orbitofrontal cortex did not differ between the two wines. 
C)  primary taste cortex increased more quickly in response to the $90 wine. 
D)  primary taste cortex decreased in response to the $90 wine. 
A)  orbitofrontal cortex increased more quickly in response to the $90 wine. 
B)  orbitofrontal cortex did not differ between the two wines. 
C)  primary taste cortex increased more quickly in response to the $90 wine. 
D)  primary taste cortex decreased in response to the $90 wine.

Question 12

Describe how the neural signals originating in taste receptor cells in taste buds are transmitted to the brain.

Accepted Answer

Neural signals originating in taste rece

Question 13

Supertasters would MOST likely enjoy:

Accepted Answer

A)  kale. 
B)  brussels sprouts. 
C)  carrots. 
D)  spinach. 
A)  kale. 
B)  brussels sprouts. 
C)  carrots. 
D)  spinach.

Question 14

Which statement about supertasters is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have twice as many fungiform papillae as nontasters. 
B)  An estimated 75% of people worldwide are supertasters. 
C)  They are more sensitive to certain bitter tastants than nontasters are. 
D)  Women are more likely to be supertasters than men. 
A)  They have twice as many fungiform papillae as nontasters. 
B)  An estimated 75% of people worldwide are supertasters. 
C)  They are more sensitive to certain bitter tastants than nontasters are. 
D)  Women are more likely to be supertasters than men.

Question 15

How do receptor cells communicate to the brain about the presence of sweet, umami, and bitter tastants they transduce, given that receptor cells do not have synapses with cranial nerve fibers?

Accepted Answer

According to studies, this is partly acc

Question 16

Potassium chloride stimulates _____ taste.

Accepted Answer

A)  sweet 
B)  sour 
C)  salty 
D)  umami 
A)  sweet 
B)  sour 
C)  salty 
D)  umami

Question 17

_____ proposes that each cranial nerve fiber carries signals with information about just one of the five taste qualities, and the cortical neurons on the receiving end of these signals also respond only to information about a single type of tastant.

Accepted Answer

A)  Labeled-line modeling 
B)  Across-fiber pattern modeling 
C)  Cell-to-cell signaling 
D)  Metabolic signaling 
A)  Labeled-line modeling 
B)  Across-fiber pattern modeling 
C)  Cell-to-cell signaling 
D)  Metabolic signaling

Question 18

In the context of taste perception, tastants:

Accepted Answer

A)  are tiny mushroom-shaped structures. 
B)  dissolve in saliva and help in the production of neural signals. 
C)  release serotonin at their synapse with cranial nerve fibers. 
D)  are collectively known as the common chemical sense. 
A)  are tiny mushroom-shaped structures. 
B)  dissolve in saliva and help in the production of neural signals. 
C)  release serotonin at their synapse with cranial nerve fibers. 
D)  are collectively known as the common chemical sense.

Question 19

Experiments with knockout mice confirm that mice lacking the T1R2 receptor CANNOT:

Accepted Answer

A)  taste sweet. 
B)  taste bitter. 
C)  signal the presence of irritants in the mouth. 
D)  signal the presence of protein in food. 
A)  taste sweet. 
B)  taste bitter. 
C)  signal the presence of irritants in the mouth. 
D)  signal the presence of protein in food.

Question 20

In individual humans, the majority of taste buds are found on the:

Accepted Answer

A)  tongue. 
B)  epiglottis. 
C)  upper esophagus. 
D)  soft palate. 
A)  tongue. 
B)  epiglottis. 
C)  upper esophagus. 
D)  soft palate.

The total sensory experience evoked by ingesting something is called:

Tastants are transduced into neural signals by the:

Do you think that an eMouth, a robotic mouth, could be invented that would be capable of experiencing flavors as people do? What problems would have to be addressed in creating eMouth?

In the context of trigeminal sense, "mouth feel" of food does NOT include factors such as:

_____ papillae are small ridge like folds located on the sides of the tongue near the back.

The _____ taste quality warns an individual of toxic or inedible substances.

Differentiate between tasters, supertasters, and nontasters.

The orbitofrontal cortex represents:

The trigeminal sense:

Artificial sweeteners:

Describe how the neural signals originating in taste receptor cells in taste buds are transmitted to the brain.

Supertasters would MOST likely enjoy:

Which statement about supertasters is FALSE?

How do receptor cells communicate to the brain about the presence of sweet, umami, and bitter tastants they transduce, given that receptor cells do not have synapses with cranial nerve fibers?

Potassium chloride stimulates _____ taste.

_____ proposes that each cranial nerve fiber carries signals with information about just one of the five taste qualities, and the cortical neurons on the receiving end of these signals also respond only to information about a single type of tastant.

In the context of taste perception, tastants:

Experiments with knockout mice confirm that mice lacking the T1R2 receptor CANNOT:

In individual humans, the majority of taste buds are found on the:

Foundations

Light and the Eyes

The Visual Brain

Recognizing Visual Objects

Perceiving Color

Perceiving Depth

Perceiving Motion

Perception for Action

Attention and Awareness

Sound and the Ears

The Auditory Brain and Perceiving Auditory Scenes

Perceiving Speech and Music

The Body Senses

Olfaction: Perceiving Odors

Filters

Exam 15: Gustation: Perceiving Tastes and Flavors

The total sensory experience evoked by ingesting something is called:

Tastants are transduced into neural signals by the:

Do you think that an eMouth, a robotic mouth, could be invented that would be capable of experiencing flavors as people do? What problems would have to be addressed in creating eMouth?

In the context of trigeminal sense, "mouth feel" of food does NOT include factors such as:

_____ papillae are small ridge like folds located on the sides of the tongue near the back.

The _____ taste quality warns an individual of toxic or inedible substances.

Differentiate between tasters, supertasters, and nontasters.

The orbitofrontal cortex represents:

The trigeminal sense:

Artificial sweeteners:

Describe how the neural signals originating in taste receptor cells in taste buds are transmitted to the brain.

Supertasters would MOST likely enjoy:

Which statement about supertasters is FALSE?

How do receptor cells communicate to the brain about the presence of sweet, umami, and bitter tastants they transduce, given that receptor cells do not have synapses with cranial nerve fibers?

Potassium chloride stimulates _____ taste.

_____ proposes that each cranial nerve fiber carries signals with information about just one of the five taste qualities, and the cortical neurons on the receiving end of these signals also respond only to information about a single type of tastant.

In the context of taste perception, tastants:

Experiments with knockout mice confirm that mice lacking the T1R2 receptor CANNOT:

In individual humans, the majority of taste buds are found on the:

Foundations

Light and the Eyes

The Visual Brain

Recognizing Visual Objects

Perceiving Color

Perceiving Depth

Perceiving Motion

Perception for Action

Attention and Awareness

Sound and the Ears

The Auditory Brain and Perceiving Auditory Scenes

Perceiving Speech and Music

The Body Senses

Olfaction: Perceiving Odors

Filters