Question 1

Neurons in the primary taste cortex do NOT respond to signals containing information about:

Accepted Answer

A)  temperature. 
B)  fattiness. 
C)  viscosity. 
D)  odorants. 
A)  temperature. 
B)  fattiness. 
C)  viscosity. 
D)  odorants.

Question 2

What are knockout mice? What has been learned about the role of different G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) in taste perception by studying knockout mice?

Accepted Answer

Knockout mice are mice that have been ge

Question 3

The mouth contains only 8-12 _____ papillae that are situated in a row at the back of the tongue.

Accepted Answer

A)  fungiform 
B)  foliate 
C)  circumvallate 
D)  filiform 
A)  fungiform 
B)  foliate 
C)  circumvallate 
D)  filiform

Question 4

How many taste receptor cells are contained in each taste bud?

Accepted Answer

A)  3,000-12,000 
B)  1-4 
C)  40-100 
D)  1-2 million 
A)  3,000-12,000 
B)  1-4 
C)  40-100 
D)  1-2 million

Question 5

Regan is sucking on a piece of strawberry-flavored hard candy. After a minute, its sweetness reduces. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  adaptation. 
B)  cross-adaptation. 
C)  sensory-specific satiety. 
D)  metabolic signaling. 
A)  adaptation. 
B)  cross-adaptation. 
C)  sensory-specific satiety. 
D)  metabolic signaling.

Question 6

Individuals who have the AVI version of the gene that codes for a specific receptor (T2R38) and require much higher concentrations to detect the bitter substances are called:

Accepted Answer

A)  nontasters. 
B)  tasters. 
C)  supertasters. 
D)  cross-adaptors. 
A)  nontasters. 
B)  tasters. 
C)  supertasters. 
D)  cross-adaptors.

Question 7

During a study, researchers used fMRI to record the brain activity of chocolate cravers and noncravers. Explain how the study shows that individual differences are related to taste preferences.

Accepted Answer

Researchers conducted a study to examine

Question 8

Which pairing constitutes the primary taste cortex?

Accepted Answer

A)  the anterior insular cortex and the frontal operculum 
B)  the nucleus of the solitary tract and the hypothalamus 
C)  the ventral posterior medial nucleus of the thalamus and the hypothalamus 
D)  the orbitofrontal cortex and the amygdala 
A)  the anterior insular cortex and the frontal operculum 
B)  the nucleus of the solitary tract and the hypothalamus 
C)  the ventral posterior medial nucleus of the thalamus and the hypothalamus 
D)  the orbitofrontal cortex and the amygdala

Question 9

Quinine stimulates _____ taste.

Accepted Answer

A)  bitter 
B)  sour 
C)  salty 
D)  umami 
A)  bitter 
B)  sour 
C)  salty 
D)  umami

Question 10

Supertasters would MOST likely dislike:

Accepted Answer

A)  beer. 
B)  lemonade. 
C)  milk. 
D)  water. 
A)  beer. 
B)  lemonade. 
C)  milk. 
D)  water.

Question 11

Tina is planning to revise the price list for the cocktails served at her restaurant. Her friend, Thomas, suggests that she should serve the cocktail at $50 instead of $15. This would increase the expectations of the guests and enhance its flavor perception. Explain if the findings on cognitive influences in the OFC support this statement.

Accepted Answer

The research does support the statement.

Question 12

Neural signals that originate in the taste receptor cells and are transmitted via three cranial nerves travel first to the:

Accepted Answer

A)  orbitofrontal cortex. 
B)  nucleus of the solitary tract. 
C)  ventral posterior medial nucleus of the thalamus. 
D)  primary taste cortex. 
A)  orbitofrontal cortex. 
B)  nucleus of the solitary tract. 
C)  ventral posterior medial nucleus of the thalamus. 
D)  primary taste cortex.

Question 13

_____ is a basic taste evoked by tastants such as MSG and certain amino acids found in meats and generally signals the presence of protein in food.

Accepted Answer

A)  Bitter 
B)  Salty 
C)  Sour 
D)  Umami 
A)  Bitter 
B)  Salty 
C)  Sour 
D)  Umami

Question 14

When TV chef Ina Garten prepares a party dip, she usually garnishes it with the main ingredient to improve its appearance. How does this help to make it an effective presentation?

Accepted Answer

Garnishing a dip enhances its visual app

Question 15

Mario eats a chocolate donut and then gulps down a glass of lemonade. The drink tastes somewhat sour. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  adaptation. 
B)  cross-adaptation. 
C)  sensory-specific satiety. 
D)  metabolic signaling. 
A)  adaptation. 
B)  cross-adaptation. 
C)  sensory-specific satiety. 
D)  metabolic signaling.

Question 16

_____ is a reduction in appetite for food.

Accepted Answer

A)  Adaptation 
B)  Satiety 
C)  Cross-adaptation 
D)  Olfaction 
A)  Adaptation 
B)  Satiety 
C)  Cross-adaptation 
D)  Olfaction

Question 17

On St. Patrick's Day, a local bagel shop prepared green-colored bagels. According to the studies based on flavor perception, people will MOST likely:

Accepted Answer

A)  perceive its flavor to be the same as plain bagels that are not dyed green. 
B)  expect an appealing sound when biting into the green-colored bagel. 
C)  incorrectly identify the bagel to have a spinach flavor. 
D)  experience a tingling sensation in the mouth. 
A)  perceive its flavor to be the same as plain bagels that are not dyed green. 
B)  expect an appealing sound when biting into the green-colored bagel. 
C)  incorrectly identify the bagel to have a spinach flavor. 
D)  experience a tingling sensation in the mouth.

Question 18

The primary taste cortex represents:

Accepted Answer

A)  hunger. 
B)  emotion. 
C)  the taste quality of food. 
D)  the reward value of food. 
A)  hunger. 
B)  emotion. 
C)  the taste quality of food. 
D)  the reward value of food.

Question 19

In an experiment, knockout mice without the ability to taste sweetness were conditioned over a period of six days. On the first day, they were allowed to sip from a sugar-water spout placed on one side of the chamber. On the second day, they were allowed to sip from a plain-water spout placed on the other side of the chamber. After the six days of conditioning, both spouts were made available again. The spouts delivered only plain water. The mice exhibited a strong preference for the spout that had previously delivered the sugar water. This implies that the mice had:

Accepted Answer

A)  learned to recognize and prefer the nutritious sugar water. 
B)  developed the PAV version of a gene used to code for a specific taste receptor. 
C)  developed the AVI version of a gene used to code for a specific taste receptor. 
D)  regained their ability to detect sweet flavors. 
A)  learned to recognize and prefer the nutritious sugar water. 
B)  developed the PAV version of a gene used to code for a specific taste receptor. 
C)  developed the AVI version of a gene used to code for a specific taste receptor. 
D)  regained their ability to detect sweet flavors.

Question 20

What is sensory-specific satiety, and how does it help in avoiding nutritional deficiencies associated with a limited diet?

Accepted Answer

Sensory-specific satiety refers to a red

Neurons in the primary taste cortex do NOT respond to signals containing information about:

What are knockout mice? What has been learned about the role of different G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) in taste perception by studying knockout mice?

The mouth contains only 8-12 _____ papillae that are situated in a row at the back of the tongue.

How many taste receptor cells are contained in each taste bud?

Regan is sucking on a piece of strawberry-flavored hard candy. After a minute, its sweetness reduces. This is an example of:

Individuals who have the AVI version of the gene that codes for a specific receptor (T2R38) and require much higher concentrations to detect the bitter substances are called:

During a study, researchers used fMRI to record the brain activity of chocolate cravers and noncravers. Explain how the study shows that individual differences are related to taste preferences.

Which pairing constitutes the primary taste cortex?

Quinine stimulates _____ taste.

Supertasters would MOST likely dislike:

Neural signals that originate in the taste receptor cells and are transmitted via three cranial nerves travel first to the:

_____ is a basic taste evoked by tastants such as MSG and certain amino acids found in meats and generally signals the presence of protein in food.

When TV chef Ina Garten prepares a party dip, she usually garnishes it with the main ingredient to improve its appearance. How does this help to make it an effective presentation?

Mario eats a chocolate donut and then gulps down a glass of lemonade. The drink tastes somewhat sour. This is an example of:

_____ is a reduction in appetite for food.

On St. Patrick's Day, a local bagel shop prepared green-colored bagels. According to the studies based on flavor perception, people will MOST likely:

The primary taste cortex represents:

What is sensory-specific satiety, and how does it help in avoiding nutritional deficiencies associated with a limited diet?

Foundations

Light and the Eyes

The Visual Brain

Recognizing Visual Objects

Perceiving Color

Perceiving Depth

Perceiving Motion

Perception for Action

Attention and Awareness

Sound and the Ears

The Auditory Brain and Perceiving Auditory Scenes

Perceiving Speech and Music

The Body Senses

Olfaction: Perceiving Odors

Filters

Exam 15: Gustation: Perceiving Tastes and Flavors

Neurons in the primary taste cortex do NOT respond to signals containing information about:

What are knockout mice? What has been learned about the role of different G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) in taste perception by studying knockout mice?

The mouth contains only 8-12 _____ papillae that are situated in a row at the back of the tongue.

How many taste receptor cells are contained in each taste bud?

Regan is sucking on a piece of strawberry-flavored hard candy. After a minute, its sweetness reduces. This is an example of:

Individuals who have the AVI version of the gene that codes for a specific receptor (T2R38) and require much higher concentrations to detect the bitter substances are called:

During a study, researchers used fMRI to record the brain activity of chocolate cravers and noncravers. Explain how the study shows that individual differences are related to taste preferences.

Which pairing constitutes the primary taste cortex?

Quinine stimulates _____ taste.

Supertasters would MOST likely dislike:

Neural signals that originate in the taste receptor cells and are transmitted via three cranial nerves travel first to the:

_____ is a basic taste evoked by tastants such as MSG and certain amino acids found in meats and generally signals the presence of protein in food.

When TV chef Ina Garten prepares a party dip, she usually garnishes it with the main ingredient to improve its appearance. How does this help to make it an effective presentation?

Mario eats a chocolate donut and then gulps down a glass of lemonade. The drink tastes somewhat sour. This is an example of:

_____ is a reduction in appetite for food.

On St. Patrick's Day, a local bagel shop prepared green-colored bagels. According to the studies based on flavor perception, people will MOST likely:

The primary taste cortex represents:

What is sensory-specific satiety, and how does it help in avoiding nutritional deficiencies associated with a limited diet?

Foundations

Light and the Eyes

The Visual Brain

Recognizing Visual Objects

Perceiving Color

Perceiving Depth

Perceiving Motion

Perception for Action

Attention and Awareness

Sound and the Ears

The Auditory Brain and Perceiving Auditory Scenes

Perceiving Speech and Music

The Body Senses

Olfaction: Perceiving Odors

Filters