Exam 21: Population Genetics and Evolution at the Population, Species, and Molecular Levels

Phylogenetics, the study of evolutionary relationships between organisms predicts that closely related species will share which of the following when compared to species that diverged longer ago?

Two parents with a dominant trait have a child who shows the normal phenotype. What is the chance that that child is a carrier of the trait?

A couple comes to you for genetic counseling and the male partner has a rare mitochondrial disease. What do you tell them about the chance that their first child would have the disease?

Selection for two different alleles of the hypoxia inducible factor pathway gene (EPAS1), one in Tibetan and the other in Ethiopian populations suggests that these two population share what?

The only form of genetic testing that is mandated in the United States is__________ .

Cancer susceptibility can run in families due to ___________ .

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is used to detect which type of genetic variation?

Consider a particular hypothetical case in which the Baysian probability that an unaffected parent is heterozygous for a particular recessive allele is 20% and the other parent has the recessive condition; what is the chance that their first child would have the condition?

The male partner has a rare autosomal- recessive trait and the female partner does not, their first child however has the trait. What do you tell them about the chance that their next child will have the trait?

Darker skin pigmentation in the ancestors to all humans may have been an adaptation to increase UV- resistance that followed the loss of fir in early hominids. The subsequent loss of pigmentation in at least two human populations may have conferred what advantage in those populations, both of which inhabited areas with less sun exposure?

A putative father in paternity case is homozygous for allele 23 of the D21S11 gene. The frequency of allele 23 is 0.1. A child is born with a nonmaternal 23 allele at its D21S11 gene. What is the Paternity Index (PI) for this putative father in this case?

Genetic testing includes all of the following except______ .

Which of the following genes is responsible for pausing the cell cycle long enough for radiation- induced DNA damage to be repaired?

On which continent would you expect to find the most human genetic diversity and why?

Genetic testing includes all of the following except _______.

Benign cell masses are known as______ .

Chronic myelogenous leukemia results from a translocation which allows cells to express__________ .

A putative father in paternity case is heterozygous for alleles 20 and 23 of the D21S11 gene. The frequency of allele 20 is 0.1 and the frequency of allele 23 is 0.2. A child is born with a nonmaternal 23 allele at its D21S11 gene. What is the Paternity Index (PI) for this putative father in this case? A) 0.2 / 0.2 = 1 B) 0.5 / 0.2 = 2.5 C) 1 / 0.2 = 5 D) 0.2 / 0.1 = 2 E) 0.2 * 0.1 = 0.02

Portions of the nuclear DNA of many modern humans have similarity to either Denisovan or Neanderthal nuclear DNA, however human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is more similar to Denisovan mtDNA than to Neanderthal mtDNA. Why might this be the case?

Selection for an allele is expected to have what effect on neutral alleles located on the same chromosome as the selected allele?