Question 1

Age is the greatest of all risk factors for cancer because ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)  older people have weaker immune systems 
B)  tumor suppressors do not work as well in older people 
C)  germline mutations accumulate with age 
D)  somatic mutations accumulate with age 
E)  cell division is rare in older people 
A)  older people have weaker immune systems 
B)  tumor suppressors do not work as well in older people 
C)  germline mutations accumulate with age 
D)  somatic mutations accumulate with age 
E)  cell division is rare in older people

Question 2

The loss of genetic diversity at linked neutral loci near a selected site is evidence of what?

Accepted Answer

A)  migration 
B)  inbreeding 
C)  genetic drift 
D)  hitchhiking 
E)  a haplotype 
A)  migration 
B)  inbreeding 
C)  genetic drift 
D)  hitchhiking 
E)  a haplotype

Question 3

Karyotyping is used to detect which type of genetic variation?

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic conditions 
B)  triplet repeat expansions 
C)  translocations 
D)  SNPs and translocations 
E)  single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) 
A)  metabolic conditions 
B)  triplet repeat expansions 
C)  translocations 
D)  SNPs and translocations 
E)  single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)

Question 4

On what continent did hominids evolve?

Accepted Answer

A)  South America 
B)  Africa 
C)  Asia 
D)  Europe 
E)  North America 
A)  South America 
B)  Africa 
C)  Asia 
D)  Europe 
E)  North America

Question 5

Sporadic retinoblastoma is often confined to one eye, not both eyes, because homozygous RB1 mutations________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  affect only one eye 
B)  are embryonic- lethal 
C)  are rare 
D)  prevent cell division 
E)  require one other mutation, a 'second- hit' to cause cancer 
A)  affect only one eye 
B)  are embryonic- lethal 
C)  are rare 
D)  prevent cell division 
E)  require one other mutation, a 'second- hit' to cause cancer

Question 6

An allele that is shared by both chimpanzees and humans is said to be__________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  conserved 
B)  derived 
C)  ancestral 
D)  a human- specific gene 
E)  both conserved and ancestral 
A)  conserved 
B)  derived 
C)  ancestral 
D)  a human- specific gene 
E)  both conserved and ancestral

Question 7

The only form of genetic testing that is mandated in the United States is______ .

Accepted Answer

A)  paternity testing 
B)  newborn testing 
C)  community- based testing 
D)  prenatal testing 
E)  carrier testing 
A)  paternity testing 
B)  newborn testing 
C)  community- based testing 
D)  prenatal testing 
E)  carrier testing

Question 8

Direct- to- consumer testing offers clients the chance to________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  have genetic testing performed on people without their consent 
B)  assess their risk of several genetic conditions 
C)  determine their chances of having a miscarriage 
D)  have their results evaluated by a medical professional 
E)  none of these options is available by direct- to- consumer testing 
A)  have genetic testing performed on people without their consent 
B)  assess their risk of several genetic conditions 
C)  determine their chances of having a miscarriage 
D)  have their results evaluated by a medical professional 
E)  none of these options is available by direct- to- consumer testing

Question 9

Mutation in the DNA repair checkpoint gene TP53 underlie Li- Fraumeni syndrome which can be diagnosed based on _ ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)  lack of mutations over many generations 
B)  many different types of cancer in multiple members of the same family 
C)  inherited breast cancer 
D)  recurrence of cancer in the same organ in multiple family members 
E)  melanoma 
A)  lack of mutations over many generations 
B)  many different types of cancer in multiple members of the same family 
C)  inherited breast cancer 
D)  recurrence of cancer in the same organ in multiple family members 
E)  melanoma

Question 10

Human- specific traits are found by comparing humans to what?

Accepted Answer

A)  other humans 
B)  whales 
C)  apes 
D)  Denisovans 
E)  plants 
A)  other humans 
B)  whales 
C)  apes 
D)  Denisovans 
E)  plants

Question 11

A maternal serum screen can be performed to detect _________which provide information about the genotype of a fetus.

Accepted Answer

A)  circulating compounds 
B)  precancerous cells 
C)  maternal DNA 
D)  RNA fragments 
E)  blood cells 
A)  circulating compounds 
B)  precancerous cells 
C)  maternal DNA 
D)  RNA fragments 
E)  blood cells

Question 12

Genetic association between a genetic variant and a trait means _______.

Accepted Answer

A)  that the genetic variant is not relevant to the trait 
B)  that the associated genetic variant causes the trait/condition 
C)  that individuals with an associated allele are certain to have the trait 
D)  that the trait/condition is caused by a single allele 
E)  that individuals with an associated allele are more likely than those without the allele to have the trait 
A)  that the genetic variant is not relevant to the trait 
B)  that the associated genetic variant causes the trait/condition 
C)  that individuals with an associated allele are certain to have the trait 
D)  that the trait/condition is caused by a single allele 
E)  that individuals with an associated allele are more likely than those without the allele to have the trait

Question 13

Which of the following could not be used for paternity testing?

Accepted Answer

A)  The child's DNA 
B)  CODIS markers 
C)  DNA from the Y- chromosome 
D)  mitochondrial DNA 
E)  DNA from hair 
A)  The child's DNA 
B)  CODIS markers 
C)  DNA from the Y- chromosome 
D)  mitochondrial DNA 
E)  DNA from hair

Question 14

A couple has just been informed that one of them has Huntington's disease, and that the other spouse does not have a disease allele. With this information, what is the chance that at least one of their two young children has a disease allele?

Accepted Answer

A)  the chance that at least one of the unaffected children has a disease allele is 75% 
B)  the chance that at least one of the unaffected children has a disease allele is 100% 
C)  the chance that at least one of the unaffected children has a disease allele is 50% 
D)  the chance that at least one of the unaffected children has a disease allele is 25% 
E)  the chance that at least one of the unaffected children has a disease allele is 0% 
A)  the chance that at least one of the unaffected children has a disease allele is 75% 
B)  the chance that at least one of the unaffected children has a disease allele is 100% 
C)  the chance that at least one of the unaffected children has a disease allele is 50% 
D)  the chance that at least one of the unaffected children has a disease allele is 25% 
E)  the chance that at least one of the unaffected children has a disease allele is 0%

Question 15

A patient with monosomy is most easily diagnosed using what technique?

Accepted Answer

A)  a pedigree 
B)  PCR 
C)  the expression of recessive traits 
D)  a karyotype 
E)  questioning the parents of that patient 
A)  a pedigree 
B)  PCR 
C)  the expression of recessive traits 
D)  a karyotype 
E)  questioning the parents of that patient

Question 16

Two unaffected parents each have a parent with the same recessive condition and they want to know the chances that they will have a child who has the condition. What do you tell them?

Accepted Answer

A)  the chance that their child will be affected is 0% 
B)  the chance that their child will be affected is 100% 
C)  the chance that their child will be affected is 25% 
D)  the chance that their child will be affected is 75% 
E)  the chance that their child will be affected is 50% 
A)  the chance that their child will be affected is 0% 
B)  the chance that their child will be affected is 100% 
C)  the chance that their child will be affected is 25% 
D)  the chance that their child will be affected is 75% 
E)  the chance that their child will be affected is 50%

Question 17

Genetic markers used for forensic analysis are usually__________ .

Accepted Answer

A)  codominant, where only the recessive allele can be detected 
B)  dominant, so the presence of one of the two alleles is obvious 
C)  codominant, where only the dominant allele can be detected 
D)  recessive, where an individual is positive if they are homozygous 
E)  codominant, where each allele can be detected separately 
A)  codominant, where only the recessive allele can be detected 
B)  dominant, so the presence of one of the two alleles is obvious 
C)  codominant, where only the dominant allele can be detected 
D)  recessive, where an individual is positive if they are homozygous 
E)  codominant, where each allele can be detected separately

Question 18

The child of a normal parent and a parent who develops Huntington disease has a _________ chance having a disease allele.

Accepted Answer

A)  75% 
B)  100% 
C)  25% 
D)  0% 
E)  50% 
A)  75% 
B)  100% 
C)  25% 
D)  0% 
E)  50%

Question 19

Familial cancer often includes the inheritance of ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)  predisposition to cancer 
B)  homozygous mutations 
C)  developmental abnormalities 
D)  somatic mutations 
E)  missing chromosomes 
A)  predisposition to cancer 
B)  homozygous mutations 
C)  developmental abnormalities 
D)  somatic mutations 
E)  missing chromosomes

Question 20

Inflammation can aide tumor growth by promoting which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  altered metabolism 
B)  mutagenesis 
C)  drug resistance 
D)  genome stability 
E)  angiogenesis 
A)  altered metabolism 
B)  mutagenesis 
C)  drug resistance 
D)  genome stability 
E)  angiogenesis

Exam 21: Population Genetics and Evolution at the Population, Species, and Molecular Levels

Age is the greatest of all risk factors for cancer because ___________.

The loss of genetic diversity at linked neutral loci near a selected site is evidence of what?

Karyotyping is used to detect which type of genetic variation?

On what continent did hominids evolve?

Sporadic retinoblastoma is often confined to one eye, not both eyes, because homozygous RB1 mutations________ .

An allele that is shared by both chimpanzees and humans is said to be__________ .

The only form of genetic testing that is mandated in the United States is______ .

Direct- to- consumer testing offers clients the chance to________ .

Mutation in the DNA repair checkpoint gene TP53 underlie Li- Fraumeni syndrome which can be diagnosed based on _ ___________.

Human- specific traits are found by comparing humans to what?

A maternal serum screen can be performed to detect _________which provide information about the genotype of a fetus.

Genetic association between a genetic variant and a trait means _______.

Which of the following could not be used for paternity testing?

A couple has just been informed that one of them has Huntington's disease, and that the other spouse does not have a disease allele. With this information, what is the chance that at least one of their two young children has a disease allele?

A patient with monosomy is most easily diagnosed using what technique?

Two unaffected parents each have a parent with the same recessive condition and they want to know the chances that they will have a child who has the condition. What do you tell them?

Genetic markers used for forensic analysis are usually__________ .

The child of a normal parent and a parent who develops Huntington disease has a _________ chance having a disease allele.

Familial cancer often includes the inheritance of ___________.

Inflammation can aide tumor growth by promoting which of the following?

The Molecular Basis of Heredity, Variation, and Evolution

Transmission Genetics

Cell Division and Chromosome Heredity

Inheritance Patterns of Single Genes and Gene Interaction

Genetic Linkage and Mapping in Eukaryotes

Genetic Analysis and Mapping in Bacteria and Bacteriophage

Dna Structure and Replication

Molecular Biology of Transcription and Rna Processing

The Molecular Biology of Translation

Chromosome Chapter Title Tbd

Gene Mutation, Dna Repair, and Homologous Recombination

Chromosome Chapter Title Tbd

Regulation of Gene Expression in Bacteria and Bacteriophage

Regulation of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Analysis of Gene Function by Forward Genetics and Reverse Genetics

Recombinant Dna Technology and Its Applications

Genomics: Genetics From a Whole-Genome Perspective

Organelle Inheritance and the Evolution of Organelle Genomes

Developmental Genetics

Genetic Analysis of Quantitative Traits

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