Exam 6: Strategies of Research Design

The idea that a hypothesis can never be proven, but it can be disproven, is a central tenet of

Professor Redears examined the following types of marital status: married, never married, widowed, separated and divorced. The types of marital status are called

Refer to the following paragraph to answer the questions below. Joyce James tested whether the "military effort of modern industrial nations" is caused by the "electoral success by the right-wing parties" or the "popularity of nationalist beliefs" in a society. She tested the theory by looking at data on 22 large industrial nations during 1969-1999. She measured military effort as the "share of the gross national product" for military e.g. weapons, training, stationing troops), right-wing party success by the percent of votes going to right-wing political parties in both national and local elections, and nationalist beliefs by attitude data from each nation. Data for the share of the gross national product came from the International Labor Organization, data for right-wing party power and nationalist attitudes came from previous studies by other researchers. -When making statements of causality, one has to be careful of not making the error of ecological fallacy. Ecological fallacy is

Write a double-barreled hypothesis, then rewrite it as two separate hypotheses; finally, write it as a hypothesis that contains a combination with an interaction effect that is not double-barreled.

Refer to the following paragraph to answer the questions below. Mary Rodale studied discrimination against women plumbers. She hypothesized that individuals who believe strongly in traditional sex roles would be more discriminatory than individuals who showed strong non-traditional sex roles. She contacted 100 individual home owners who planned to hire a plumber. She offered each subject six possible plumbers to choose from. The plumbers had varying levels of experience and training and charged different rates. One of the six was a woman and the other five were men. Every single home owner who believed strongly in traditional sex roles chose a male. All those who believed in non-traditional sex roles ignored gender and chose on the basis of skill and price alone. -The Lord of the Rings movies are a trilogy because there are three movies to the series. This statement makes what kind of error of causality?

What is the dependent variable in the following statement? "Absence of a father leads to low educational attainment among offspring in single-parent families."

Which of the following is a characteristic of causal hypotheses?

Refer to the following paragraph to answer the questions below. Joyce James tested whether the "military effort of modern industrial nations" is caused by the "electoral success by the right-wing parties" or the "popularity of nationalist beliefs" in a society. She tested the theory by looking at data on 22 large industrial nations during 1969-1999. She measured military effort as the "share of the gross national product" for military e.g. weapons, training, stationing troops), right-wing party success by the percent of votes going to right-wing political parties in both national and local elections, and nationalist beliefs by attitude data from each nation. Data for the share of the gross national product came from the International Labor Organization, data for right-wing party power and nationalist attitudes came from previous studies by other researchers. -When conducting social research, it is more accurate to look at a social phenomenon from multiple perspectives. This is called

Refer to the following paragraph to answer the questions below. Joyce James tested whether the "military effort of modern industrial nations" is caused by the "electoral success by the right-wing parties" or the "popularity of nationalist beliefs" in a society. She tested the theory by looking at data on 22 large industrial nations during 1969-1999. She measured military effort as the "share of the gross national product" for military e.g. weapons, training, stationing troops), right-wing party success by the percent of votes going to right-wing political parties in both national and local elections, and nationalist beliefs by attitude data from each nation. Data for the share of the gross national product came from the International Labor Organization, data for right-wing party power and nationalist attitudes came from previous studies by other researchers. -Bricolage is

Refer to the following paragraph to answer the questions below. Mary Rodale studied discrimination against women plumbers. She hypothesized that individuals who believe strongly in traditional sex roles would be more discriminatory than individuals who showed strong non-traditional sex roles. She contacted 100 individual home owners who planned to hire a plumber. She offered each subject six possible plumbers to choose from. The plumbers had varying levels of experience and training and charged different rates. One of the six was a woman and the other five were men. Every single home owner who believed strongly in traditional sex roles chose a male. All those who believed in non-traditional sex roles ignored gender and chose on the basis of skill and price alone. -What is the dependent variable in the study?

Explain what tautology and teleology are. How are tautologies and teleologies considered errors in causal explanations? Give an example of each.

What is the independent variable in the following hypothesis? "Persons who experience economic deprivation during socialization will place a higher priority on economic self-interest later in life than will people who did not experience economic deprivation during socialization."

What is triangulation and why is it recommended for all research?

Harry Angstrom studied the admissions practices and sports records of 300 colleges to see whether colleges with more lax admissions standards won more games than colleges with high admissions standards. What are the units of analysis in this study?

Dr. Dunham hypothesizes that an individual's political orientation has an effect on that individual's stand on the abortion issue. "Political orientation" was used as his

Refer to the following paragraph to answer the questions below. Mary Rodale studied discrimination against women plumbers. She hypothesized that individuals who believe strongly in traditional sex roles would be more discriminatory than individuals who showed strong non-traditional sex roles. She contacted 100 individual home owners who planned to hire a plumber. She offered each subject six possible plumbers to choose from. The plumbers had varying levels of experience and training and charged different rates. One of the six was a woman and the other five were men. Every single home owner who believed strongly in traditional sex roles chose a male. All those who believed in non-traditional sex roles ignored gender and chose on the basis of skill and price alone. -What is the independent variable in the study?

Dr. Rogers studies environmental illness. He interviews individuals about suspected causes of environmental sensitivity and suggests that people who claim environmental sensitivity are more likely to have a prior history of anxiety or depressive disorder than the average American. Dr Roger's interpretation is called

Refer to the following paragraph to answer the questions below. Joyce James tested whether the "military effort of modern industrial nations" is caused by the "electoral success by the right-wing parties" or the "popularity of nationalist beliefs" in a society. She tested the theory by looking at data on 22 large industrial nations during 1969-1999. She measured military effort as the "share of the gross national product" for military e.g. weapons, training, stationing troops), right-wing party success by the percent of votes going to right-wing political parties in both national and local elections, and nationalist beliefs by attitude data from each nation. Data for the share of the gross national product came from the International Labor Organization, data for right-wing party power and nationalist attitudes came from previous studies by other researchers. -In this study, the dependent variable is