Question 1

Which of the following categorical propositions is in standard form?

Accepted Answer

A)  No same-sex marriages are supported by evangelical Christians. 
B)  All political donors expect hefty paybacks from politicians. 
C)  Some face lifts are less than successful procedures. 
D)  High-speed chases are accidents waiting to happen. 
E)  Some corporate shake-ups have reverberations affecting all employees. 
A)  No same-sex marriages are supported by evangelical Christians. 
B)  All political donors expect hefty paybacks from politicians. 
C)  Some face lifts are less than successful procedures. 
D)  High-speed chases are accidents waiting to happen. 
E)  Some corporate shake-ups have reverberations affecting all employees.

Question 2

None but students are eligible.

Accepted Answer

A)  All students are eligible persons. 
B)  No students are eligible persons. 
C)  No students are eligible persons, and all non-students are eligible persons. 
D)  All eligible persons are students. 
E)  All ineligible persons are non-students. 
A)  All students are eligible persons. 
B)  No students are eligible persons. 
C)  No students are eligible persons, and all non-students are eligible persons. 
D)  All eligible persons are students. 
E)  All ineligible persons are non-students.

Question 3

All non-A are B. (F) Subalternation

Accepted Answer

A)  All non-B are A. (F) 
B)  No non-A are B. (Und.) 
C)  Some non-A are B. (F) 
D)  Some non-A are not B. (T) 
E)  Some non-A are B. (Und.) 
A)  All non-B are A. (F) 
B)  No non-A are B. (Und.) 
C)  Some non-A are B. (F) 
D)  Some non-A are not B. (T) 
E)  Some non-A are B. (Und.)

Question 4

No cases of bullying are tolerated behaviors. Therefore, some cases of bullying are not tolerated behaviors.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit contradictory. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
C)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
E)  Valid. 
A)  Invalid, illicit contradictory. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
C)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
E)  Valid.

Question 5

Some mistakes are not enduring tragedies. Therefore, no mistakes are enduring tragedies.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
C)  Valid, no fallacy 
D)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
E)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
A)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
C)  Valid, no fallacy 
D)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
E)  Invalid, existential fallacy.

Question 6

Categorical Proposition 1E
Given the categorical proposition:
"Some federal budgets that are bloated by war spending are not burdens that are fair to taxpayers."

-In Categorical Proposition 1E, the quality is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Subjective. 
B)  Universal. 
C)  Affirmative. 
D)  Negative. 
E)  Particular. 
A)  Subjective. 
B)  Universal. 
C)  Affirmative. 
D)  Negative. 
E)  Particular.

Question 7

All non-A are B. (F) Subalternation

Accepted Answer

A)  All non-B are A. (F) 
B)  No non-A are B. (Und.) 
C)  Some non-A are B. (F) 
D)  Some non-A are not B. (T) 
E)  Some non-A are B. (Und.) 
A)  All non-B are A. (F) 
B)  No non-A are B. (Und.) 
C)  Some non-A are B. (F) 
D)  Some non-A are not B. (T) 
E)  Some non-A are B. (Und.)

Question 8

In the categorical proposition "Some art works that are not inflammatory are suitable pieces for large museums":

Accepted Answer

A)  The subject term is universal and the predicate term is particular. 
B)  The subject term is distributed and the predicate term is undistributed. 
C)  Both the subject term and the predicate term are undistributed. 
D)  Both the subject term and the predicate term are distributed. 
E)  The subject term is undistributed and the predicate term is distributed. 
A)  The subject term is universal and the predicate term is particular. 
B)  The subject term is distributed and the predicate term is undistributed. 
C)  Both the subject term and the predicate term are undistributed. 
D)  Both the subject term and the predicate term are distributed. 
E)  The subject term is undistributed and the predicate term is distributed.

Question 9

All A are non-B. (T) Some A are not non-B.

Accepted Answer

A)  Subalternation. (Und.) 
B)  Contrary. (F) 
C)  Contraposition. (T) 
D)  Subalternation. (T) 
E)  Contradictory. (F) 
A)  Subalternation. (Und.) 
B)  Contrary. (F) 
C)  Contraposition. (T) 
D)  Subalternation. (T) 
E)  Contradictory. (F)

Question 10

A Chevrolet is not a Ford.

Accepted Answer

A)  Some Chevrolets are not Fords. 
B)  All Chevrolets are things that are not identical to a Ford. 
C)  No things identical to a Chevrolet are things identical to a Ford. 
D)  All Chevrolets are not Fords. 
E)  No Chevrolets are Fords. 
A)  Some Chevrolets are not Fords. 
B)  All Chevrolets are things that are not identical to a Ford. 
C)  No things identical to a Chevrolet are things identical to a Ford. 
D)  All Chevrolets are not Fords. 
E)  No Chevrolets are Fords.

Question 11

It is false that some veterinarians are not animal lovers. Therefore, some veterinarians are animal lovers.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
C)  Valid, no fallacy. 
D)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
E)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
A)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
C)  Valid, no fallacy. 
D)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
E)  Invalid, existential fallacy.

Question 12

All proponents of globalization are individuals unconcerned with world poverty. Therefore, all individuals concerned with world poverty are opponents of globalization.

Accepted Answer

A)  Valid. 
B)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
C)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
D)  Invalid, illicit obversion. 
E)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
A)  Valid. 
B)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
C)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
D)  Invalid, illicit obversion. 
E)  Invalid, illicit contraposition.

Question 13

No talented actors are unpopular performers. Therefore, no popular performers are untalented actors.

Accepted Answer

A)  Valid; no fallacy. 
B)  Invalid; illicit conversion. 
C)  Invalid; illicit contrary. 
D)  Invalid; illicit contraposition. 
E)  Invalid; illicit obversion. 
A)  Valid; no fallacy. 
B)  Invalid; illicit conversion. 
C)  Invalid; illicit contrary. 
D)  Invalid; illicit contraposition. 
E)  Invalid; illicit obversion.

Question 14

Categorical Proposition 1I
Given the categorical proposition:
"Some houseboats that are leaky are not vessels that are safe dwellings."

-In Categorical Proposition 1I, the copula is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Are not. 
B)  Some. 
C)  Are. 
D)  Negative. 
E)  Vessels that are safe dwellings. 
A)  Are not. 
B)  Some. 
C)  Are. 
D)  Negative. 
E)  Vessels that are safe dwellings.

Question 15

No ballerinas are awkward dancers. Therefore, it is false that all ballerinas are awkward dancers.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
B)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
C)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
D)  Valid, no fallacy. 
E)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
A)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
B)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
C)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
D)  Valid, no fallacy. 
E)  Invalid, existential fallacy.

Question 16

Some non-A are not B. (F) Contraposition

Accepted Answer

A)  Some B are not A. (F) 
B)  Some B are not non-A. (T) 
C)  Some non-B are not A. (F) 
D)  Some A are not non-B. (T) 
E)  Some non-B are non-A. (F) 
A)  Some B are not A. (F) 
B)  Some B are not non-A. (T) 
C)  Some non-B are not A. (F) 
D)  Some A are not non-B. (T) 
E)  Some non-B are non-A. (F)

Question 17

Some restaurants are not high tech operations. Therefore, no restaurants are high tech operations.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid; illicit conversion. 
B)  Invalid; illicit subalternation. 
C)  Valid; existential fallacy. 
D)  Valid; no fallacy. 
E)  Invalid; illicit contrary. 
A)  Invalid; illicit conversion. 
B)  Invalid; illicit subalternation. 
C)  Valid; existential fallacy. 
D)  Valid; no fallacy. 
E)  Invalid; illicit contrary.

Question 18

It is false that no high schools are institutions plagued by drunkenness. Therefore, it is false that some high schools are not institutions plagued by drunkenness.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
C)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
D)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
E)  Valid. 
A)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
C)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
D)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
E)  Valid.

Question 19

All non-A are non-B. (F) Conversion

Accepted Answer

A)  No non-A are non-B. (Und) 
B)  All non-B are non-A. (F) 
C)  All B are A. (F) 
D)  No Non-A are non-B. (T) 
E)  All non-B are non-A. (Und.) 
A)  No non-A are non-B. (Und) 
B)  All non-B are non-A. (F) 
C)  All B are A. (F) 
D)  No Non-A are non-B. (T) 
E)  All non-B are non-A. (Und.)

Question 20

Not every student will graduate.

Accepted Answer

A)  Some students will not graduate. 
B)  All students are not persons who will graduate. 
C)  Some students are not persons who will graduate. 
D)  Some persons who will graduate are not students. 
E)  Some persons who will not graduate are persons other than students. 
A)  Some students will not graduate. 
B)  All students are not persons who will graduate. 
C)  Some students are not persons who will graduate. 
D)  Some persons who will graduate are not students. 
E)  Some persons who will not graduate are persons other than students.

Which of the following categorical propositions is in standard form?

None but students are eligible.

All non-A are B. (F) Subalternation

No cases of bullying are tolerated behaviors. Therefore, some cases of bullying are not tolerated behaviors.

Some mistakes are not enduring tragedies. Therefore, no mistakes are enduring tragedies.

Categorical Proposition 1E Given the categorical proposition: "Some federal budgets that are bloated by war spending are not burdens that are fair to taxpayers." -In Categorical Proposition 1E, the quality is:

All non-A are B. (F) Subalternation

In the categorical proposition "Some art works that are not inflammatory are suitable pieces for large museums":

All A are non-B. (T) Some A are not non-B.

A Chevrolet is not a Ford.

It is false that some veterinarians are not animal lovers. Therefore, some veterinarians are animal lovers.

All proponents of globalization are individuals unconcerned with world poverty. Therefore, all individuals concerned with world poverty are opponents of globalization.

No talented actors are unpopular performers. Therefore, no popular performers are untalented actors.

Categorical Proposition 1I Given the categorical proposition: "Some houseboats that are leaky are not vessels that are safe dwellings." -In Categorical Proposition 1I, the copula is:

No ballerinas are awkward dancers. Therefore, it is false that all ballerinas are awkward dancers.

Some non-A are not B. (F) Contraposition

Some restaurants are not high tech operations. Therefore, no restaurants are high tech operations.

It is false that no high schools are institutions plagued by drunkenness. Therefore, it is false that some high schools are not institutions plagued by drunkenness.

All non-A are non-B. (F) Conversion

Not every student will graduate.

Basic Concepts

Language: Meaning and Definition

Informal Fallacies

Categorical Syllogisms

Propositional Logic

Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic

Predicate Logic

Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning

Causality and Mills Methods

Probability

Statistical Reasoning

Hypotheticalscientific Reasoning

Science and Superstition

Filters

Exam 4: Categorical Propositions

Which of the following categorical propositions is in standard form?

None but students are eligible.

All non-A are B. (F) Subalternation

No cases of bullying are tolerated behaviors. Therefore, some cases of bullying are not tolerated behaviors.

Some mistakes are not enduring tragedies. Therefore, no mistakes are enduring tragedies.

Categorical Proposition 1E Given the categorical proposition: "Some federal budgets that are bloated by war spending are not burdens that are fair to taxpayers." -In Categorical Proposition 1E, the quality is:

All non-A are B. (F) Subalternation

In the categorical proposition "Some art works that are not inflammatory are suitable pieces for large museums":

All A are non-B. (T) Some A are not non-B.

A Chevrolet is not a Ford.

It is false that some veterinarians are not animal lovers. Therefore, some veterinarians are animal lovers.

All proponents of globalization are individuals unconcerned with world poverty. Therefore, all individuals concerned with world poverty are opponents of globalization.

No talented actors are unpopular performers. Therefore, no popular performers are untalented actors.

Categorical Proposition 1I Given the categorical proposition: "Some houseboats that are leaky are not vessels that are safe dwellings." -In Categorical Proposition 1I, the copula is:

No ballerinas are awkward dancers. Therefore, it is false that all ballerinas are awkward dancers.

Some non-A are not B. (F) Contraposition

Some restaurants are not high tech operations. Therefore, no restaurants are high tech operations.

It is false that no high schools are institutions plagued by drunkenness. Therefore, it is false that some high schools are not institutions plagued by drunkenness.

All non-A are non-B. (F) Conversion

Not every student will graduate.

Basic Concepts

Language: Meaning and Definition

Informal Fallacies

Categorical Syllogisms

Propositional Logic

Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic

Predicate Logic

Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning

Causality and Mills Methods

Probability

Statistical Reasoning

Hypotheticalscientific Reasoning

Science and Superstition

Filters