Question 1

Which of the following categorical propositions is in standard form?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some nerve cells are not susceptible of being regenerated. 
B)  Not all incumbents are candidates who will be reelected. 
C)  No recessions are times of economic expansion. 
D)  Some allergic reactions last several hours. 
E)  All surfers are opposed to coastal pollution. 
A)  Some nerve cells are not susceptible of being regenerated. 
B)  Not all incumbents are candidates who will be reelected. 
C)  No recessions are times of economic expansion. 
D)  Some allergic reactions last several hours. 
E)  All surfers are opposed to coastal pollution.

Question 2

There is a hotel in the village.

Accepted Answer

A)  Some hotels are things in the village, and some hotels are not things in the village. 
B)  Some hotels are things in the village. 
C)  Some hotels are not things in the village. 
D)  All hotels are things in the village. 
E)  No hotels are not things in the village. 
A)  Some hotels are things in the village, and some hotels are not things in the village. 
B)  Some hotels are things in the village. 
C)  Some hotels are not things in the village. 
D)  All hotels are things in the village. 
E)  No hotels are not things in the village.

Question 3

It is false that some leprechauns are Englishmen. Therefore, no leprechauns are Englishmen.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid; existential fallacy. 
B)  Valid; no fallacy. 
C)  Invalid; illicit contradiction. 
D)  Invalid; illicit subalternation. 
E)  Invalid; illicit conversion. 
A)  Invalid; existential fallacy. 
B)  Valid; no fallacy. 
C)  Invalid; illicit contradiction. 
D)  Invalid; illicit subalternation. 
E)  Invalid; illicit conversion.

Question 4

No sugar plum fairies are threatening beasts. Therefore, some sugar plum fairies are not threatening beasts.

Accepted Answer

A)  Valid. 
B)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
C)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
D)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
E)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
A)  Valid. 
B)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
C)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
D)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
E)  Invalid, illicit contrary.

Question 5

Some film stars are not Oscar winners. Therefore, some film stars are Oscar winners.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
C)  Invalid, illicit contradictory. 
D)  Valid. 
E)  Invalid, illicit contrary. 
A)  Invalid, illicit subalternation. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
C)  Invalid, illicit contradictory. 
D)  Valid. 
E)  Invalid, illicit contrary.

Question 6

Some B are non-A. (F) All B are non-A.

Accepted Answer

A)  Subalternation. (F) 
B)  Contradictory. (T) 
C)  Subcontrary. (Und.) 
D)  Subalternation. (Und.) 
E)  Subcontrary. (T) 
A)  Subalternation. (F) 
B)  Contradictory. (T) 
C)  Subcontrary. (Und.) 
D)  Subalternation. (Und.) 
E)  Subcontrary. (T)

Question 7

Some reclusive gnomes are not playful sprites. Therefore, some playful sprites are not reclusive gnomes.

Accepted Answer

A)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
C)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
E)  Valid. 
A)  Invalid, existential fallacy. 
B)  Invalid, illicit subcontrary. 
C)  Invalid, illicit conversion. 
D)  Invalid, illicit contraposition. 
E)  Valid.

Question 8

Canaries are chirping in the aviary.

Accepted Answer

A)  All canaries are birds chirping in the aviary. 
B)  Some canaries are birds chirping in the aviary. 
C)  Some birds chirping in the aviary are not canaries. 
D)  Some canaries are chirping in the aviary. 
E)  All birds chirping in the aviary are canaries. 
A)  All canaries are birds chirping in the aviary. 
B)  Some canaries are birds chirping in the aviary. 
C)  Some birds chirping in the aviary are not canaries. 
D)  Some canaries are chirping in the aviary. 
E)  All birds chirping in the aviary are canaries.

Question 9

No A are non-B. (F) Contrary

Accepted Answer

A)  No non-B are A. (F) 
B)  No non-B are A. (T) 
C)  Some A are non-B. (T) 
D)  All A are non-B. (Und.) 
E)  All A are non-B. (T) 
A)  No non-B are A. (F) 
B)  No non-B are A. (T) 
C)  Some A are non-B. (T) 
D)  All A are non-B. (Und.) 
E)  All A are non-B. (T)

Question 10

Categorical Proposition 1A
Given the categorical proposition:
"All wiretaps that are approved without a warrant are surveillance techniques that are not legal."

-In Categorical Proposition 1A, the copula is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Are. 
B)  Are not. 
C)  All. 
D)  Affirmative. 
E)  Are not legal. 
A)  Are. 
B)  Are not. 
C)  All. 
D)  Affirmative. 
E)  Are not legal.

Question 11

Some A are non-B. (T) All A are non-B.

Accepted Answer

A)  Subalternation. (T) 
B)  Subcontrary. (Und.) 
C)  Contraposition. (Und.) 
D)  Subalternation. (Und.) 
E)  Contradictory. (F) 
A)  Subalternation. (T) 
B)  Subcontrary. (Und.) 
C)  Contraposition. (Und.) 
D)  Subalternation. (Und.) 
E)  Contradictory. (F)

Question 12

Categorical Proposition 1A
Given the categorical proposition:
"All wiretaps that are approved without a warrant are surveillance techniques that are not legal."

-In Categorical Proposition 1A, the quantifier is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Are. 
B)  Particular. 
C)  All. 
D)  Universal. 
E)  Are not. 
A)  Are. 
B)  Particular. 
C)  All. 
D)  Universal. 
E)  Are not.

Question 13

Some A are not non-B. (F) All A are non-B.

Accepted Answer

A)  Contrary. (T) 
B)  Subalternation. (F) 
C)  Obversion. (F) 
D)  Contradictory. (T) 
E)  Subalternation. (Und.) 
A)  Contrary. (T) 
B)  Subalternation. (F) 
C)  Obversion. (F) 
D)  Contradictory. (T) 
E)  Subalternation. (Und.)

Question 14

Elms are not evergreens.

Accepted Answer

A)  Some evergreens are not elms. 
B)  No things identical to elms are things identical to evergreens. 
C)  No non-evergreens are elms. 
D)  All elms are not evergreens. 
E)  No elms are evergreens. 
A)  Some evergreens are not elms. 
B)  No things identical to elms are things identical to evergreens. 
C)  No non-evergreens are elms. 
D)  All elms are not evergreens. 
E)  No elms are evergreens.

Question 15

No non-A are B. (T) Obversion.

Accepted Answer

A)  No B are non-A. (T) 
B)  Some non-A are not B. (T) 
C)  All non-A are non-B. (T) 
D)  All A are non-B. (Und.) 
E)  Some non-A are B. (F) 
A)  No B are non-A. (T) 
B)  Some non-A are not B. (T) 
C)  All non-A are non-B. (T) 
D)  All A are non-B. (Und.) 
E)  Some non-A are B. (F)

Question 16

She sings whenever she is happy.

Accepted Answer

A)  All times she sings are times she is happy. 
B)  Some times she is happy are times she sings. 
C)  All times she is happy are times she sings. 
D)  All times she is not happy are times she does not sing. 
E)  All times she is happy she sings. 
A)  All times she sings are times she is happy. 
B)  Some times she is happy are times she sings. 
C)  All times she is happy are times she sings. 
D)  All times she is not happy are times she does not sing. 
E)  All times she is happy she sings.

Question 17

All A are non-B. (F) Conversion

Accepted Answer

A)  All non-B are A. (F) 
B)  All B are non-A. (Und.) 
C)  All non-B are A. (Und.) 
D)  No A are non-B. (Und.) 
E)  All B are non-A. (F) 
A)  All non-B are A. (F) 
B)  All B are non-A. (Und.) 
C)  All non-B are A. (Und.) 
D)  No A are non-B. (Und.) 
E)  All B are non-A. (F)

Question 18

President Kennedy was assassinated.

Accepted Answer

A)  All persons identical to President Kennedy are persons who were assassinated. 
B)  All persons identical to President Kennedy were assassinated persons. 
C)  No persons who were not assassinated are persons not identical to President Kennedy. 
D)  Some persons identical to President Kennedy are persons who were assassinated. 
E)  All persons like president Kennedy are persons who were assassinated. 
A)  All persons identical to President Kennedy are persons who were assassinated. 
B)  All persons identical to President Kennedy were assassinated persons. 
C)  No persons who were not assassinated are persons not identical to President Kennedy. 
D)  Some persons identical to President Kennedy are persons who were assassinated. 
E)  All persons like president Kennedy are persons who were assassinated.

Question 19

Some S are not P. (Boolean standpoint)   After filling in the diagram,

Accepted Answer

A)  Areas 1 and 3 are shaded. 
B)  Area 2 is shaded, and there is an X in Area 1. 
C)  Area 1 is shaded, and there are no other marks. 
D)  There is an X in Area 1, and there are no other marks. 
E)  Area 3 is shaded, and there is an X in Area 1. 
A)  Areas 1 and 3 are shaded. 
B)  Area 2 is shaded, and there is an X in Area 1. 
C)  Area 1 is shaded, and there are no other marks. 
D)  There is an X in Area 1, and there are no other marks. 
E)  Area 3 is shaded, and there is an X in Area 1.

Question 20

No non-A are B. (T) Conversion

Accepted Answer

A)  No non-B are A. (Und.) 
B)  No A are non-B. (T) 
C)  No B are non-A. (T) 
D)  All non-A are non-B. (T) 
E)  All non-A are B. (F) 
A)  No non-B are A. (Und.) 
B)  No A are non-B. (T) 
C)  No B are non-A. (T) 
D)  All non-A are non-B. (T) 
E)  All non-A are B. (F)

Which of the following categorical propositions is in standard form?

There is a hotel in the village.

It is false that some leprechauns are Englishmen. Therefore, no leprechauns are Englishmen.

No sugar plum fairies are threatening beasts. Therefore, some sugar plum fairies are not threatening beasts.

Some film stars are not Oscar winners. Therefore, some film stars are Oscar winners.

Some B are non-A. (F) All B are non-A.

Some reclusive gnomes are not playful sprites. Therefore, some playful sprites are not reclusive gnomes.

Canaries are chirping in the aviary.

No A are non-B. (F) Contrary

Categorical Proposition 1A Given the categorical proposition: "All wiretaps that are approved without a warrant are surveillance techniques that are not legal." -In Categorical Proposition 1A, the copula is:

Some A are non-B. (T) All A are non-B.

Categorical Proposition 1A Given the categorical proposition: "All wiretaps that are approved without a warrant are surveillance techniques that are not legal." -In Categorical Proposition 1A, the quantifier is:

Some A are not non-B. (F) All A are non-B.

Elms are not evergreens.

No non-A are B. (T) Obversion.

She sings whenever she is happy.

All A are non-B. (F) Conversion

President Kennedy was assassinated.

Some S are not P. (Boolean standpoint) After filling in the diagram,

No non-A are B. (T) Conversion

Basic Concepts

Language: Meaning and Definition

Informal Fallacies

Categorical Syllogisms

Propositional Logic

Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic

Predicate Logic

Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning

Causality and Mills Methods

Probability

Statistical Reasoning

Hypotheticalscientific Reasoning

Science and Superstition

Filters

Exam 4: Categorical Propositions

Which of the following categorical propositions is in standard form?

There is a hotel in the village.

It is false that some leprechauns are Englishmen. Therefore, no leprechauns are Englishmen.

No sugar plum fairies are threatening beasts. Therefore, some sugar plum fairies are not threatening beasts.

Some film stars are not Oscar winners. Therefore, some film stars are Oscar winners.

Some B are non-A. (F) All B are non-A.

Some reclusive gnomes are not playful sprites. Therefore, some playful sprites are not reclusive gnomes.

Canaries are chirping in the aviary.

No A are non-B. (F) Contrary

Categorical Proposition 1A Given the categorical proposition: "All wiretaps that are approved without a warrant are surveillance techniques that are not legal." -In Categorical Proposition 1A, the copula is:

Some A are non-B. (T) All A are non-B.

Categorical Proposition 1A Given the categorical proposition: "All wiretaps that are approved without a warrant are surveillance techniques that are not legal." -In Categorical Proposition 1A, the quantifier is:

Some A are not non-B. (F) All A are non-B.

Elms are not evergreens.

No non-A are B. (T) Obversion.

She sings whenever she is happy.

All A are non-B. (F) Conversion

President Kennedy was assassinated.

Some S are not P. (Boolean standpoint) After filling in the diagram,

No non-A are B. (T) Conversion

Basic Concepts

Language: Meaning and Definition

Informal Fallacies

Categorical Syllogisms

Propositional Logic

Natural Deduction in Propositional Logic

Predicate Logic

Analogy and Legal and Moral Reasoning

Causality and Mills Methods

Probability

Statistical Reasoning

Hypotheticalscientific Reasoning

Science and Superstition

Filters