Exam 6: Learning

What observation by Pavlov led to the development of classical conditioning as a model of learning?

The idea that the consequences of our actions determine the likelihood they will be performed in the future underlies

You are conducting an informal study in which, for a month, you play a particular song just before you serve dinner to your best friend.Eventually, you play just the song to see what will happen, and your friend begins to salivate and says that she has hunger pains.In this scenario, what is the unconditioned response?

You want your dog to stop barking unnecessarily so you take him to a dog trainer.The trainer, who is well versed in associative learning theory, tells you that the key to good training is figuring out how to increase the desired behavior.According to the trainer, which of the following is the best approach?

What is an example of a token economy that a fourth-grade teacher might use for her students?

Thorndike's rule that actions resulting in bad outcomes are less likely to be repeated is known as the

The first time you pick up your pet hamster it recoils in fear, but after a week of handling, your hamster is not bothered anymore.What change came over your hamster through the simple act of repetitive handling?

Ian, age 2, was watching his father hammer a nail.His father hit his own thumb and then used several expletives.As his father went in the house for a Band-Aid, Ian went over to the nail, picked up the hammer, pretended to hit his finger, and repeated the expletives.This scenario is an example of what kind of learning?

When one learns the consequences of an action by watching another person perform the action, this type of learning is called learning.

Token economies are widely used in , an area that involves the application of operant-conditioning procedures to help people engage in better behaviors.

How might behavioral techniques help treat phobias?

What term is used to describe a decrease in a behavioral response after repeated exposure to nonthreatening stimuli?

What is an unconditioned stimulus?

Allie is afraid of her neighbor's large dog.She then becomes afraid of any dog she sees on the street, and eventually she fears even pictures of dogs or toy dogs.This change in her fear of dogs represents

According to Skinner, what is most conducive to learning?

You know that genetics has given your new baby sister innate traits, such as how to suckle and cry.Yet some people tell you that she is born knowing nothing.These people believe in , which says that the environment teaches infants everything.

You wish to train your dog to come when you ring a bell, but you want the dog to quickly learn to stop coming once you run out of treats.What reinforcement schedule would most rapidly reduce the dogs learned behavior once there is no food to reward him?

John wants to teach his pet to do a trick.Based on the partial-reinforcement extinction effect, what types) of reinforcement should he use if he wants to ensure enduring, stable behavior?

Based on his work, Pavlov believed that was the critical element needed for acquisition to occur during conditioning.

Which of the following could be classified as a reinforcer?