Question 1

The strongest associations between an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus occur when

Accepted Answer

A) they are presented at the exact same time. 
B) the unconditioned stimulus is presented slightly before the conditioned stimulus. 
C) the conditioned stimulus is presented slightly before the unconditioned stimulus. 
D) the conditioned response is present at a different time to the conditioned stimulus. 
A) they are presented at the exact same time. 
B) the unconditioned stimulus is presented slightly before the conditioned stimulus. 
C) the conditioned stimulus is presented slightly before the unconditioned stimulus. 
D) the conditioned response is present at a different time to the conditioned stimulus.

Question 2

Why would a dopamine blocker be prescribed to someone with Tourette's syndrome or other involuntary behaviors?

Accepted Answer

A) The dopamine system also facilitates motor control. 
B) The dopamine blocker would block the rewarding aspects of involuntary behavior. 
C) The dopamine blocker would block negative reinforcement feedback loops. 
D) The dopamine system is involved in speech production. 
A) The dopamine system also facilitates motor control. 
B) The dopamine blocker would block the rewarding aspects of involuntary behavior. 
C) The dopamine blocker would block negative reinforcement feedback loops. 
D) The dopamine system is involved in speech production.

Question 3

Studies of the role of dopamine have shown that which of the following pairs are distinct processes?

Accepted Answer

A) liking and wanting 
B) liking and loving 
C) needing and wanting 
D) wanting and loving 
A) liking and wanting 
B) liking and loving 
C) needing and wanting 
D) wanting and loving

Question 4

According to Watson's view, which is not necessarily considered accurate today, what is the only valid indicator of psychological activity, and why?

Accepted Answer

A) overt behavior, because it alone can be studied using the scientific method 
B) self-report, because it is the most accurate measurement of subjective states 
C) psychoanalysis, because individuals do not know the drives of their own subconscious 
D) classical conditioning, because it demonstrates innate learning abilities 
A) overt behavior, because it alone can be studied using the scientific method 
B) self-report, because it is the most accurate measurement of subjective states 
C) psychoanalysis, because individuals do not know the drives of their own subconscious 
D) classical conditioning, because it demonstrates innate learning abilities

Question 5

What is the process whereby the conditioned response is weakened when it is no longer presented with the unconditioned stimulus?

Accepted Answer

A) extinction 
B) reward 
C) second-order conditioning 
D) acquisition 
A) extinction 
B) reward 
C) second-order conditioning 
D) acquisition

Question 6

Positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement are similar in that both

Accepted Answer

A) produce an increase in the probability of a behavior. 
B) produce a decrease in the probability of a behavior. 
C) involve the administration of a stimulus. 
D) involve the removal of a stimulus. 
A) produce an increase in the probability of a behavior. 
B) produce a decrease in the probability of a behavior. 
C) involve the administration of a stimulus. 
D) involve the removal of a stimulus.

Question 7

Which of the following is a potential limitation of studies that have suggested links between observing violence in the media and a later likelihood of showing aggression?

Accepted Answer

A) We have not been able to conduct longitudinal studies on this topic. 
B) There is not enough variation in children's media use. 
C) Behaviors categorized as "aggressive" might actually be playful. 
D) Cartoons do not contain much aggression. 
A) We have not been able to conduct longitudinal studies on this topic. 
B) There is not enough variation in children's media use. 
C) Behaviors categorized as "aggressive" might actually be playful. 
D) Cartoons do not contain much aggression.

Question 8

Which of the following behavioral terms is used to describe something that will increase the likelihood of a behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) positive 
B) negative 
C) reinforcement 
D) punishment 
A) positive 
B) negative 
C) reinforcement 
D) punishment

Question 9

What anxiety disorder is seen as an acquired fear that is out of proportion to the real threat?

Accepted Answer

A) generalized anxiety disorder 
B) a phobia 
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder 
D) panic disorder 
A) generalized anxiety disorder 
B) a phobia 
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder 
D) panic disorder

Question 10

Billy has watched many movies in which the hero smokes cigarettes.When Billy identifies with these heroes and begins to smoke, what psychological term might be used to describe his behavior?

Accepted Answer

A) vicarious reinforcement 
B) modeling 
C) positive reinforcement 
D) mirroring 
A) vicarious reinforcement 
B) modeling 
C) positive reinforcement 
D) mirroring

Question 11

Evidence for observational learning in nonhumans is present in all of the following examples EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) lab-raised monkeys becoming fearful of a snake after watching a wild monkey's reactions. 
B) a puppy learning to get into the cupboard with the dog food after watching an older dog open the door. 
C) animals that injure rather than kill their prey in order to teach their young how to hunt. 
D) a cat learning to come at the sound of a can opener because the sound predicts food. 
A) lab-raised monkeys becoming fearful of a snake after watching a wild monkey's reactions. 
B) a puppy learning to get into the cupboard with the dog food after watching an older dog open the door. 
C) animals that injure rather than kill their prey in order to teach their young how to hunt. 
D) a cat learning to come at the sound of a can opener because the sound predicts food.

Question 12

In the fear conditioning of Little Albert, John B.Watson used the following stimuli: unconditioned stimulus- ; conditioned stimulus- .

Accepted Answer

A) loud sound; rat 
B) rat; loud sound 
C) fear; rat 
D) loud sound; fear 
A) loud sound; rat 
B) rat; loud sound 
C) fear; rat 
D) loud sound; fear

Question 13

Receiving a reduced jail sentence for good behavior is a form of

Accepted Answer

A) positive reinforcement. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) positive punishment. 
D) negative punishment. 
A) positive reinforcement. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) positive punishment. 
D) negative punishment.

Question 14

Reinforcement is to punishment as is to .

Accepted Answer

A) increase; decrease 
B) decrease; increase 
C) before; after 
D) awareness; wariness 
A) increase; decrease 
B) decrease; increase 
C) before; after 
D) awareness; wariness

Question 15

Your friend Carlos tells you that his favorite sports team always wins when he wears red.Carlos developed this association by

Accepted Answer

A) associating unrelated events in time. 
B) becoming sensitized to his team winning. 
C) observational learning. 
D) social learning. 
A) associating unrelated events in time. 
B) becoming sensitized to his team winning. 
C) observational learning. 
D) social learning.

Question 16

Which sentence below best defines the concept of tabula rasa?

Accepted Answer

A) An infant comes into the world with a genetic blueprint of knowledge.All the knowledge the infant subsequently acquires is determined by the infant's genetic code. 
B) An infant comes into the world with a genetic blueprint of knowledge.However, his or her knowledge can be shaped through sensory experiences in the world. 
C) An infant comes into the world knowing nothing.The infant's genetic blueprint largely overrides the knowledge acquired through his or her sensory experiences in the world. 
D) An infant comes into the world knowing nothing.The infant then acquires all of his or her knowledge through sensory experiences in the world. 
A) An infant comes into the world with a genetic blueprint of knowledge.All the knowledge the infant subsequently acquires is determined by the infant's genetic code. 
B) An infant comes into the world with a genetic blueprint of knowledge.However, his or her knowledge can be shaped through sensory experiences in the world. 
C) An infant comes into the world knowing nothing.The infant's genetic blueprint largely overrides the knowledge acquired through his or her sensory experiences in the world. 
D) An infant comes into the world knowing nothing.The infant then acquires all of his or her knowledge through sensory experiences in the world.

Question 17

Negative reinforcement and negative punishment are similar in that both

Accepted Answer

A) produce an increase in the probability of a behavior. 
B) produce a decrease in the probability of a behavior. 
C) involve the administration of a stimulus. 
D) involve the removal of a stimulus. 
A) produce an increase in the probability of a behavior. 
B) produce a decrease in the probability of a behavior. 
C) involve the administration of a stimulus. 
D) involve the removal of a stimulus.

Question 18

Imitation learning is facilitated by special cells in the brain known as

Accepted Answer

A) motor neurons. 
B) sensory neurons. 
C) mirror neurons. 
D) NMDA receptors. 
A) motor neurons. 
B) sensory neurons. 
C) mirror neurons. 
D) NMDA receptors.

Question 19

What psychological principle did Pavlov's experiments teach us?

Accepted Answer

A) How a neutral stimulus could trigger the same response as a natural reflex. 
B) That all biological responses must be elicited by natural reflexes to stimuli. 
C) How learning could take place without the presence of punishment. 
D) That complex behaviors, such as fear of a stimulus, could be learned observationally. 
A) How a neutral stimulus could trigger the same response as a natural reflex. 
B) That all biological responses must be elicited by natural reflexes to stimuli. 
C) How learning could take place without the presence of punishment. 
D) That complex behaviors, such as fear of a stimulus, could be learned observationally.

Question 20

A key concern about violence in media is that it might lead to

Accepted Answer

A) conditioning. 
B) extinction. 
C) partial reinforcement. 
D) desensitization. 
A) conditioning. 
B) extinction. 
C) partial reinforcement. 
D) desensitization.

The strongest associations between an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus occur when

Why would a dopamine blocker be prescribed to someone with Tourette's syndrome or other involuntary behaviors?

Studies of the role of dopamine have shown that which of the following pairs are distinct processes?

According to Watson's view, which is not necessarily considered accurate today, what is the only valid indicator of psychological activity, and why?

What is the process whereby the conditioned response is weakened when it is no longer presented with the unconditioned stimulus?

Positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement are similar in that both

Which of the following is a potential limitation of studies that have suggested links between observing violence in the media and a later likelihood of showing aggression?

Which of the following behavioral terms is used to describe something that will increase the likelihood of a behavior?

What anxiety disorder is seen as an acquired fear that is out of proportion to the real threat?

Billy has watched many movies in which the hero smokes cigarettes.When Billy identifies with these heroes and begins to smoke, what psychological term might be used to describe his behavior?

Evidence for observational learning in nonhumans is present in all of the following examples EXCEPT

In the fear conditioning of Little Albert, John B.Watson used the following stimuli: unconditioned stimulus- ; conditioned stimulus- .

Receiving a reduced jail sentence for good behavior is a form of

Reinforcement is to punishment as is to .

Your friend Carlos tells you that his favorite sports team always wins when he wears red.Carlos developed this association by

Which sentence below best defines the concept of tabula rasa?

Negative reinforcement and negative punishment are similar in that both

Imitation learning is facilitated by special cells in the brain known as

What psychological principle did Pavlov's experiments teach us?

A key concern about violence in media is that it might lead to

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Exam 6: Learning

The strongest associations between an unconditioned stimulus and a conditioned stimulus occur when

Why would a dopamine blocker be prescribed to someone with Tourette's syndrome or other involuntary behaviors?

Studies of the role of dopamine have shown that which of the following pairs are distinct processes?

According to Watson's view, which is not necessarily considered accurate today, what is the only valid indicator of psychological activity, and why?

What is the process whereby the conditioned response is weakened when it is no longer presented with the unconditioned stimulus?

Positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement are similar in that both

Which of the following is a potential limitation of studies that have suggested links between observing violence in the media and a later likelihood of showing aggression?

Which of the following behavioral terms is used to describe something that will increase the likelihood of a behavior?

What anxiety disorder is seen as an acquired fear that is out of proportion to the real threat?

Billy has watched many movies in which the hero smokes cigarettes.When Billy identifies with these heroes and begins to smoke, what psychological term might be used to describe his behavior?

Evidence for observational learning in nonhumans is present in all of the following examples EXCEPT

In the fear conditioning of Little Albert, John B.Watson used the following stimuli: unconditioned stimulus- ; conditioned stimulus- .

Receiving a reduced jail sentence for good behavior is a form of

Reinforcement is to punishment as is to .

Your friend Carlos tells you that his favorite sports team always wins when he wears red.Carlos developed this association by

Which sentence below best defines the concept of tabula rasa?

Negative reinforcement and negative punishment are similar in that both

Imitation learning is facilitated by special cells in the brain known as

What psychological principle did Pavlov's experiments teach us?

A key concern about violence in media is that it might lead to

The Science of Psychology

Research Methodology

Biology and Behaviour

Consciousness

Sensation and Perception

Memory

Thinking, Language and Intelligence

Human Development

Emotion and Motivation

Health and Wellbeing

Social Psychology

Personality

Psychological Disorders

Treatment of Psychological Disorders

Filters