Question 1

Axons of _____-order neurons cross over to the other side in the brain or spinal cord before ascending to the thalamus.

Accepted Answer

A)  first 
B)  second 
C)  third 
D)  upper 
A)  first 
B)  second 
C)  third 
D)  upper

Question 2

Select the best description for the function of the lateral corticospinal tract:

Accepted Answer

A)  impulses for coordination of movements of the trunk and proximal parts of the limbs 
B)  impulses that move the head and eyes in response to visual stimuli 
C)  conveys nerve impulses from motor cortex to skeletal muscles of head and neck to coordinate precise, voluntary movements 
D)  impulses for subconscious proprioception 
E)  impulses for precise voluntary movements of the hands and feet 
A)  impulses for coordination of movements of the trunk and proximal parts of the limbs 
B)  impulses that move the head and eyes in response to visual stimuli 
C)  conveys nerve impulses from motor cortex to skeletal muscles of head and neck to coordinate precise, voluntary movements 
D)  impulses for subconscious proprioception 
E)  impulses for precise voluntary movements of the hands and feet

Question 3

Incoming sensory information is integrated; that is, it is processed and interpreted and a course of action is taken. At which of the following locations does the integration process occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  spinal cord and brain stem 
B)  cerebellum 
C)  cerebral cortex 
D)  All of these choices are correct 
A)  spinal cord and brain stem 
B)  cerebellum 
C)  cerebral cortex 
D)  All of these choices are correct

Question 4

Ascending somatic sensory pathways to the cerebral cortex consist of thousands of sets of three neurons: first-order neurons, second-order neurons, and third-order neurons.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

The receptors for pain:

Accepted Answer

A)  are free nerve endings called nociceptors. 
B)  may be stimulated by chemicals released by injured tissues. 
C)  respond to any type of stimulus if it is of sufficient intensity. 
D)  all of these choices 
A)  are free nerve endings called nociceptors. 
B)  may be stimulated by chemicals released by injured tissues. 
C)  respond to any type of stimulus if it is of sufficient intensity. 
D)  all of these choices

Question 6

Select the best description for the function of the corticobulbar tract:

Accepted Answer

A)  impulses for coordination of movements of the trunk and proximal parts of the limbs 
B)  impulses that move the head and eyes in response to visual stimuli 
C)  conveys nerve impulses from motor cortex to skeletal muscles of head and neck to coordinate precise, voluntary movements 
D)  impulses for subconscious proprioception 
E)  impulses for precise voluntary movements of the hands and feet 
A)  impulses for coordination of movements of the trunk and proximal parts of the limbs 
B)  impulses that move the head and eyes in response to visual stimuli 
C)  conveys nerve impulses from motor cortex to skeletal muscles of head and neck to coordinate precise, voluntary movements 
D)  impulses for subconscious proprioception 
E)  impulses for precise voluntary movements of the hands and feet

Question 7

_____ are proprioceptors located at the junction of a tendon and a muscle.

Accepted Answer

A)  Muscle spindles 
B)  lamellated corpuscles (pacinian corpuscles) 
C)  Tendon organs 
D)  Extrafusal fibers 
A)  Muscle spindles 
B)  lamellated corpuscles (pacinian corpuscles) 
C)  Tendon organs 
D)  Extrafusal fibers

Question 8

Pyramidal pathways:

Accepted Answer

A)  innervate skeletal muscles only. 
B)  contain upper motor neurons and lower motor neurons. 
C)  extend from the cerebral cortex, through the medulla, and then to their destination, either through cranial nerves or through spinal cord tracts and spinal nerves. 
D)  all of these choices 
A)  innervate skeletal muscles only. 
B)  contain upper motor neurons and lower motor neurons. 
C)  extend from the cerebral cortex, through the medulla, and then to their destination, either through cranial nerves or through spinal cord tracts and spinal nerves. 
D)  all of these choices

Question 9

Name three spinal tracts that carry conscious sensory information. For each tract, describe the location and the types of sensations transmitted.

Accepted Answer

1. Posterior column-medial lem

Question 10

Which of the following is NOT a proprioceptor?

Accepted Answer

A)  hair root plexus 
B)  joint kinesthetic receptor within synovial joint capsules 
C)  tendon organ within tendons 
D)  muscle spindle within skeletal muscles 
A)  hair root plexus 
B)  joint kinesthetic receptor within synovial joint capsules 
C)  tendon organ within tendons 
D)  muscle spindle within skeletal muscles

Question 11

First-order neurons transmit signals from somatic receptors along cranial and spinal nerves into the brain stem and spinal cord respectively.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The cell bodies of _____-order sensory neurons are located in the thalamus.

Accepted Answer

A)  first 
B)  second 
C)  third 
D)  fourth 
A)  first 
B)  second 
C)  third 
D)  fourth

Question 13

_____ is defined as the conscious or subconscious awareness of changes in the external or internal conditions of the body.

Accepted Answer

A)  Sensation 
B)  Adaptation 
C)  Perception 
D)  Reception 
A)  Sensation 
B)  Adaptation 
C)  Perception 
D)  Reception

Question 14

From the following list of spinal cord pathways, choose the ones that are together responsible for carrying all conscious sensory information in the spinal cord:
1) spinothalamic
2) gracile fasciculus
3) spinocerebellar
4) posterior column-medial lemniscus
5) cuneate fasciculus

Accepted Answer

A)  1,2, 4, 5 
B)  2, 5 
C)  3, 4 
D)  1, 3 
A)  1,2, 4, 5 
B)  2, 5 
C)  3, 4 
D)  1, 3

Question 15

Decussation of sensory pathways occurs before the pathway reaches the thalamus.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The major control region for planning and initiating voluntary movements is the primary motor area (precentral gyrus) of the cortex.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Referred pain site for the kidneys

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D

Question 18

Referred pain site for the liver and gallbladder

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D 
A)  A 
B)  B 
C)  C 
D)  D

Question 19

Type II cutaneous mechanoreceptors, found deep in the dermis, function as receptors for touch as well as for pressure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

What is referred pain? Using an example, explain how referred pain occurs.

Accepted Answer

Pain impulses from the viscera are often

Exam 20: Somatic Senses and Motor Control

Axons of _____-order neurons cross over to the other side in the brain or spinal cord before ascending to the thalamus.

Select the best description for the function of the lateral corticospinal tract:

Incoming sensory information is integrated; that is, it is processed and interpreted and a course of action is taken. At which of the following locations does the integration process occur?

Ascending somatic sensory pathways to the cerebral cortex consist of thousands of sets of three neurons: first-order neurons, second-order neurons, and third-order neurons.

The receptors for pain:

Select the best description for the function of the corticobulbar tract:

_____ are proprioceptors located at the junction of a tendon and a muscle.

Pyramidal pathways:

Name three spinal tracts that carry conscious sensory information. For each tract, describe the location and the types of sensations transmitted.

Which of the following is NOT a proprioceptor?

First-order neurons transmit signals from somatic receptors along cranial and spinal nerves into the brain stem and spinal cord respectively.

The cell bodies of _____-order sensory neurons are located in the thalamus.

_____ is defined as the conscious or subconscious awareness of changes in the external or internal conditions of the body.

From the following list of spinal cord pathways, choose the ones that are together responsible for carrying all conscious sensory information in the spinal cord: 1) spinothalamic 2) gracile fasciculus 3) spinocerebellar 4) posterior column-medial lemniscus 5) cuneate fasciculus

Decussation of sensory pathways occurs before the pathway reaches the thalamus.

The major control region for planning and initiating voluntary movements is the primary motor area (precentral gyrus) of the cortex.

Referred pain site for the kidneys

Referred pain site for the liver and gallbladder

Type II cutaneous mechanoreceptors, found deep in the dermis, function as receptors for touch as well as for pressure.

What is referred pain? Using an example, explain how referred pain occurs.

An Introduction to the Human Body

Cells

Tissues

Development

The Integumentary System

Bone Tissue

The Skeletal System: the Axial Skeleton

The Skeletal System: the Appendicular Skeleton

Joints

Muscular Tissue

The Muscular System

The Cardiovascular System: Blood

The Cardiovascular System: the Heart

The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels

The Lymphatic Lymphoid System and Immunity

Nervous Tissue

The Spinal Cord and the Spinal Nerves

The Brain and the Cranial Nerves

The Autonomic Nervous System

Special Senses

The Endocrine System

The Respiratory System

The Digestive System

The Urinary System

The Reproductive Systems

Surface Anatomy

Filters