Exam 2: Middle Passage

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African women caught in the Atlantic slave trade were worth twice the price of African men in Caribbean markets; as a result,captains took large numbers of women on board their vessels.

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Examine the eighteenth-century print of Luanda that appears in Chapter 2.What aspects of the Atlantic slave trade surface in the image?

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Explain the technology of a slave ship in terms transporting African slaves.How did Europeans use technology to outfit slave ships for transporting Africans across the Atlantic to the colonies of the Americas?

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The ideal answer should:
1.Define that slave ships (called slavers)varied in size but grew larger over the centuries.A ship's tonnage determined how many slaves it could carry,with the formula being two slaves per ton.A ship of 200 tons might therefore carry 400 slaves.
2.Note that captains often ignored the formula and kept their human cargo light,calculating that smaller loads lowered mortality and made revolt less likely.
3.Point out that most captains were "tight packers" who squeezed human beings together hoping that large numbers would offset increased deaths.
4.Explain that the slavers' cargo space was generally only five feet high.Ships' carpenters halved this vertical space by building shelves,so slaves might be packed above and below on planks that measured only 5.5 feet long and 1.3 feet wide.Consequently,slaves had only about 20 to 25 inches of headroom.
5.Conclude that to add to the discomfort,the crews chained male slaves together in pairs to help prevent rebellion and lodged them away from women and children.Crewmen often strung nets along the sides of the ship to prevent African suicide attempts.

Which of the following diseases vied with dysentery to kill the most slaves while aboard slave ships?

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What was a common characteristic of a typical slave ship?

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How did the Atlantic slave trade end? What major political figures were involved in the process? Why did slavery continue in the Americas into the mid-1800s?

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Who was the first known Portuguese merchant to begin to formally trade for slaves with the Africans?

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Prior to the early-sixteenth century,Portuguese seafarers conducted the Atlantic slave trade on an enormous scale to satisfy a limitless market for domestic servants.

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Why did Africans enslave other Africans and sell them to Europeans?

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The account of Dr.Alexander Falconbridge in the second Voices section of the textbook discusses which of the following diseases as the primary problem for African slaves aboard slave ships?

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Grog,the favorite drink of European sailors in the Atlantic slave trade,was a mixture of which of the following items?

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What is the relationship between bathroom facilities and slave ships?

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Take a closer look at the plan of the British slave ship Brookes shown in Chapter 2.Which of the following statements best demonstrates the use of control by the ship's crew as revealed in the image of the Brookes?

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Which statement about the nature of the Islamic slave trade prior to European entry is true?

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Which European country took the lead in the exploration and colonization of Africa,Asia,and the Americas in the early 1400s?

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Explain the connection between African slave levels of resistance and African attitudes toward enslavement.What does the level of resistance tell you about Africans' attitudes toward enslavement?

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Slavery and slave trading have historically existed in all cultures for thousands of years.

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How was work divided among slaves during the seasoning process in the West Indies?

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How would an African most likely become a slave?

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Which of the following was a common way for slaves to rebel or resist their imprisonment while at sea?

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