Question 1

All of the following are "costs" of bipedalism except

Accepted Answer

A)  it is harder to overcome gravity to supply the brain with sufficient blood. 
B)  the weight of the body above the pelvis and lower limbs puts greater stress on the hips, lower back, knees, and feet. 
C)  the hands were freed for other tasks. 
D)  pregnant women had greater stress placed on the lower limbs. 
A)  it is harder to overcome gravity to supply the brain with sufficient blood. 
B)  the weight of the body above the pelvis and lower limbs puts greater stress on the hips, lower back, knees, and feet. 
C)  the hands were freed for other tasks. 
D)  pregnant women had greater stress placed on the lower limbs.

Question 2

The genus Australopithecus were definitely hominid based on the fact

Accepted Answer

A)  their teeth show the basic hominid characteristics. 
B)  they were fully bipedal. 
C)  they had a parabolic dental arch. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  their teeth show the basic hominid characteristics. 
B)  they were fully bipedal. 
C)  they had a parabolic dental arch. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 3

Bipedalism freed the hands, which allowed tools to be carried. This was an advantage because

Accepted Answer

A)  it built up the primates' arms for more strength. 
B)  it caused a preoccupation with tools so the primate did not have to worry about anything else. 
C)  the tools could be used as weapons against predators, if necessary. 
D)  there was no real advantage, as it made it harder to run from danger. 
A)  it built up the primates' arms for more strength. 
B)  it caused a preoccupation with tools so the primate did not have to worry about anything else. 
C)  the tools could be used as weapons against predators, if necessary. 
D)  there was no real advantage, as it made it harder to run from danger.

Question 4

Which of the following hominid characteristics came first?

Accepted Answer

A)  bipedalism 
B)  modification of the female pelvis 
C)  expansion of the brain 
D)  reduction of the face 
A)  bipedalism 
B)  modification of the female pelvis 
C)  expansion of the brain 
D)  reduction of the face

Question 5

The Leakey family made a significant find in 1959 with the discovery of Australopithecus boisei. Why was this discovery so important?

Accepted Answer

A)  it demonstrated that the earliest hominids were living in Europe 
B)  it demonstrated that early hominids were present in East Africa, not just South Africa 
C)  because it only took two years to find 
D)  it proved South Africa was the only place in Africa to find evidence of early hominids 
A)  it demonstrated that the earliest hominids were living in Europe 
B)  it demonstrated that early hominids were present in East Africa, not just South Africa 
C)  because it only took two years to find 
D)  it proved South Africa was the only place in Africa to find evidence of early hominids

Question 6

Bipedalism does have its downside, including:

Accepted Answer

A)  it's harder to overcome gravity to supply brain with sufficient blood. 
B)  the weight on the body above the pelvis and lower limbs causes stress on the hips, lower back, knees, and feet. 
C)  females even have more stress during pregnancy. 
D)  all the above. 
A)  it's harder to overcome gravity to supply brain with sufficient blood. 
B)  the weight on the body above the pelvis and lower limbs causes stress on the hips, lower back, knees, and feet. 
C)  females even have more stress during pregnancy. 
D)  all the above.

Question 7

The first clear evidence of stone tools appears more than _______ million years after the appearance of bipedalism.

Accepted Answer

A)  12 
B)  10 
C)  5 
D)  2 
A)  12 
B)  10 
C)  5 
D)  2

Question 8

Raymond Dart found Australopithecus africanus in

Accepted Answer

A)  1992. 
B)  1998. 
C)  1925. 
D)  1945. 
A)  1992. 
B)  1998. 
C)  1925. 
D)  1945.

Question 9

The earliest Australopithecine species, anamensis, is dated to about ______ million years ago.

Accepted Answer

A)  3.9-4.2 
B)  5.8-4.4 
C)  8.8-10.3 
D)  11-12 
A)  3.9-4.2 
B)  5.8-4.4 
C)  8.8-10.3 
D)  11-12

Question 10

Explain why cladograms of human evolution are important.

Accepted Answer

Cladograms of human evolution are import

Question 11

Sahelanthropus tchadensis was an unusual find because

Accepted Answer

A)  it was found in Australia. 
B)  it was found outside Eastern and Southern Africa. 
C)  it was the most expensive find ever. 
D)  no one seemed interested in this find at the time. 
A)  it was found in Australia. 
B)  it was found outside Eastern and Southern Africa. 
C)  it was the most expensive find ever. 
D)  no one seemed interested in this find at the time.

Question 12

Bipedal locomotion, walking on two legs, was not the only change that occurred during early hominid evolution. Included were

Accepted Answer

A)  the expansion of the face. 
B)  the expansion of the jaw. 
C)  the expansion of the brain. 
D)  a smaller pelvis for females. 
A)  the expansion of the face. 
B)  the expansion of the jaw. 
C)  the expansion of the brain. 
D)  a smaller pelvis for females.

Question 13

Compare Orrorin tugenensis and Ardipithecus ramidus. Why are they important in the understanding of hominid evolution?

Accepted Answer

Orrorin tugenensis and Ardipithecus rami

Question 14

Discuss the importance of bipedalism in the evolution of hominids.

Accepted Answer

Bipedalism, or the ability to walk on tw

Question 15

Sahelanthropus tchadensis was found about ______ million years ago.

Accepted Answer

A)  15 
B)  7 
C)  3 
D)  2 
A)  15 
B)  7 
C)  3 
D)  2

Question 16

According to the model of human evolution in Ember and Ember, the presumed common ancestor of apes and modern humans lived about _________ million years ago.

Accepted Answer

A)  30 
B)  15 
C)  10 
D)  6 
A)  30 
B)  15 
C)  10 
D)  6

Question 17

One of the most famous A. afarensis fossils is named Lucy. Why is it so famous?

Accepted Answer

A)  it was one of the most complete skeletons found 
B)  because she was named after the song, "Lucy in the Sky With Diamonds" 
C)  because no other afarensis fossils have been found 
D)  because it was found in Ethiopia 
A)  it was one of the most complete skeletons found 
B)  because she was named after the song, "Lucy in the Sky With Diamonds" 
C)  because no other afarensis fossils have been found 
D)  because it was found in Ethiopia

Question 18

The famous footprints of Australopithecus were found at

Accepted Answer

A)  Laetoli. 
B)  Alexandria. 
C)  Nairobi. 
D)  Addis Ababa. 
A)  Laetoli. 
B)  Alexandria. 
C)  Nairobi. 
D)  Addis Ababa.

Question 19

Which of the following has evidence showing that it may have been a bipedal early hominid?

Accepted Answer

A)  Orrorin tugenensis 
B)  Sahelanthropus tchadensis 
C)  Kenyapithecus 
D)  all of the above 
A)  Orrorin tugenensis 
B)  Sahelanthropus tchadensis 
C)  Kenyapithecus 
D)  all of the above

Question 20

The word garhi means __________ in the Ethiopian language.

Accepted Answer

A)  howdy 
B)  man 
C)  eureka 
D)  surprise 
A)  howdy 
B)  man 
C)  eureka 
D)  surprise

Exam 8: The First Hominids

All of the following are "costs" of bipedalism except

The genus Australopithecus were definitely hominid based on the fact

Bipedalism freed the hands, which allowed tools to be carried. This was an advantage because

Which of the following hominid characteristics came first?

The Leakey family made a significant find in 1959 with the discovery of Australopithecus boisei. Why was this discovery so important?

Bipedalism does have its downside, including:

The first clear evidence of stone tools appears more than _______ million years after the appearance of bipedalism.

Raymond Dart found Australopithecus africanus in

The earliest Australopithecine species, anamensis, is dated to about ______ million years ago.

Explain why cladograms of human evolution are important.

Sahelanthropus tchadensis was an unusual find because

Bipedal locomotion, walking on two legs, was not the only change that occurred during early hominid evolution. Included were

Compare Orrorin tugenensis and Ardipithecus ramidus. Why are they important in the understanding of hominid evolution?

Discuss the importance of bipedalism in the evolution of hominids.

Sahelanthropus tchadensis was found about ______ million years ago.

According to the model of human evolution in Ember and Ember, the presumed common ancestor of apes and modern humans lived about _________ million years ago.

One of the most famous A. afarensis fossils is named Lucy. Why is it so famous?

The famous footprints of Australopithecus were found at

Which of the following has evidence showing that it may have been a bipedal early hominid?

The word garhi means __________ in the Ethiopian language.

What Is Anthropology

History of Anthropological Theory

Research Methods in Anthropology

Genetics and Evolution

Human Variation and Adaptation

The Living Primates

Primate Evolution: From Early Primates to Hominoids

The Origins of Culture and the Emergence of Homo

The Emergence of Homo Sapiens

The Upper Paleolithic World

Origins of Food Production and Settled Life

Origins of Cities and States

Culture and Culture Change

Communication and Language

Getting Food

Economic Systems

Social Stratification: Class, Ethnicity, and Racism

Culture and the Individual

Sex, Gender, and Culture

Marriage and the Family

Marital Residence and Kinship

Associations and Interest Groups

Political Life: Social Order and Disorder

Religion and Magic

The Arts

Applied, Practicing, and Medical Anthropology

Global Problems

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