Question 1

When we shop at malls, anthropologists say we are engaging in

Accepted Answer

A)  market or commercial exchange. 
B)  bartering, where goods are traded. 
C)  a non-monetary form of economic exchange. 
D)  a social contract which requires us to buy something. 
A)  market or commercial exchange. 
B)  bartering, where goods are traded. 
C)  a non-monetary form of economic exchange. 
D)  a social contract which requires us to buy something. A

Question 2

In general, which type of economic activity provides the most leisure time?

Accepted Answer

A)  food-collecting 
B)  pastoralism 
C)  intensive agriculture 
D)  industrial agriculture 
A)  food-collecting 
B)  pastoralism 
C)  intensive agriculture 
D)  industrial agriculture A

Question 3

Define market exchange. What are the factors that lead to it?

Accepted Answer

Market exchange refers to the buying and selling of goods and services between individuals, businesses, or countries. It is the process by which goods and services are traded in a market economy, where prices are determined by supply and demand.

Several factors lead to market exchange, including:

1. Demand and supply: The interaction of demand and supply for goods and services creates the conditions for market exchange. When there is a demand for a particular product or service, and there is a corresponding supply available, market exchange occurs.

2. Competition: Competition among producers and sellers encourages market exchange by driving prices down and increasing the quality of goods and services. This competition creates an environment where buyers have choices and can negotiate prices.

3. Property rights: Clear and enforceable property rights are essential for market exchange to occur. Property rights provide individuals and businesses with the security and confidence to invest in and trade goods and services.

4. Rule of law: A stable legal and regulatory framework is necessary for market exchange to thrive. This includes contract enforcement, protection of property rights, and a fair and transparent legal system.

5. Information and communication: Access to information and effective communication channels are crucial for market exchange. Buyers and sellers need to be able to gather and disseminate information about prices, quality, and availability of goods and services.

6. Economic freedom: Market exchange is facilitated by economic freedom, which allows individuals and businesses to make their own choices about production, consumption, and investment. This includes the freedom to enter and exit markets, and the ability to engage in voluntary transactions.

Overall, market exchange is driven by the interaction of demand and supply, competition, property rights, the rule of law, information and communication, and economic freedom. These factors create the conditions for individuals and businesses to engage in the buying and selling of goods and services in a market economy.

Question 4

Once taxes are taken into consideration, how many months out of the year does the average person in the United States work for the various levels of government?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 month 
B)  2 months 
C)  3 months 
D)  4 months 
A)  1 month 
B)  2 months 
C)  3 months 
D)  4 months

Question 5

In all of the societies studied by anthropologists, people are assigned different tasks based on their

Accepted Answer

A)  kinship affiliation. 
B)  social status. 
C)  age/gender. 
D)  capabilities. 
A)  kinship affiliation. 
B)  social status. 
C)  age/gender. 
D)  capabilities.

Question 6

Every society has access to natural resources and cultural rules for determining who has access to particular resources and what can be done with them. These include

Accepted Answer

A)  land division into measurable units. 
B)  only verbal rules. 
C)  no private ownership of resources anywhere is the world. 
D)  guarantees that resources will be kept pure and clean. 
A)  land division into measurable units. 
B)  only verbal rules. 
C)  no private ownership of resources anywhere is the world. 
D)  guarantees that resources will be kept pure and clean.

Question 7

Under the Homestead Act of 1862, how long did a person need to farm a 160-acre piece of land before the federal government would consider that person the owner of that land?

Accepted Answer

A)  5 months 
B)  5 years 
C)  10 months 
D)  10 years 
A)  5 months 
B)  5 years 
C)  10 months 
D)  10 years

Question 8

Reciprocity is practiced widely in the world and it's central characteristic is that

Accepted Answer

A)  those who practice it don't like it much. 
B)  it doesn't rely on the use of money. 
C)  it is not as effective as market exchange. 
D)  it hasn't been studied much. 
A)  those who practice it don't like it much. 
B)  it doesn't rely on the use of money. 
C)  it is not as effective as market exchange. 
D)  it hasn't been studied much.

Question 9

When goods or services are given to another without any apparent expectation of a returned gift, we call it

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reciprocity. 
B)  redistribution. 
C)  generalized reciprocity. 
D)  balanced reciprocity. 
A)  negative reciprocity. 
B)  redistribution. 
C)  generalized reciprocity. 
D)  balanced reciprocity.

Question 10

Describe the three forms of reciprocity. Which one would most likely be used by a used car salesperson? Why?

Accepted Answer

The three forms of reciprocity are gener

Question 11

The giving of gifts without any immediate return or conscious thought of return is most common in

Accepted Answer

A)  wealthier societies. 
B)  industrialized societies. 
C)  societies with intensive agriculture. 
D)  societies of food collectors and horticulturalists. 
A)  wealthier societies. 
B)  industrialized societies. 
C)  societies with intensive agriculture. 
D)  societies of food collectors and horticulturalists.

Question 12

By "market exchange," anthropologists mean

Accepted Answer

A)  money has been set aside for "a rainy day." 
B)  transactions in which prices are subject to supply and demand, whether or not the transaction takes place in the marketplace. 
C)  money is always used in economic transactions. 
D)  food items are being exchanged. 
A)  money has been set aside for "a rainy day." 
B)  transactions in which prices are subject to supply and demand, whether or not the transaction takes place in the marketplace. 
C)  money is always used in economic transactions. 
D)  food items are being exchanged.

Question 13

Among horticulturalists

Accepted Answer

A)  a tool usually requires years to make. 
B)  tools are almost always made by specialists. 
C)  individuals almost always make all their own tools. 
D)  people generally use fewer tools than do food collectors. 
A)  a tool usually requires years to make. 
B)  tools are almost always made by specialists. 
C)  individuals almost always make all their own tools. 
D)  people generally use fewer tools than do food collectors.

Question 14

Anthropologists note that the division of labor is universal. It is divided by

Accepted Answer

A)  gender. 
B)  age. 
C)  specialties. 
D)  all of the above. 
A)  gender. 
B)  age. 
C)  specialties. 
D)  all of the above.

Question 15

An indirect form of __________ is taxation.

Accepted Answer

A)  redistribution 
B)  reciprocity 
C)  forced labor 
D)  voluntary labor 
A)  redistribution 
B)  reciprocity 
C)  forced labor 
D)  voluntary labor

Question 16

Generalized reciprocity is most likely between

Accepted Answer

A)  friendly neighboring groups. 
B)  close kin. 
C)  strangers and enemies. 
D)  friends in modern societies. 
A)  friendly neighboring groups. 
B)  close kin. 
C)  strangers and enemies. 
D)  friends in modern societies.

Question 17

What is a leveling device? How is it practiced in commercial economies? How can
reciprocity be used as a leveling device?

Accepted Answer

A leveling device is a mechanism or prac

Question 18

The concept of private ownership of land is least likely among

Accepted Answer

A)  intensive agriculturalists. 
B)  food collectors. 
C)  horticulturalists. 
D)  pastoralists. 
A)  intensive agriculturalists. 
B)  food collectors. 
C)  horticulturalists. 
D)  pastoralists.

Question 19

Why don't foragers have private ownership of land?

Accepted Answer

A)  the land has great value for foragers. 
B)  when food sources fluctuate it makes sense to change to private ownership. 
C)  it's a collective ownership and allows all people access to the resources. 
D)  none of the above. 
A)  the land has great value for foragers. 
B)  when food sources fluctuate it makes sense to change to private ownership. 
C)  it's a collective ownership and allows all people access to the resources. 
D)  none of the above.

Question 20

Why do children in horticultural and agricultural societies work? Why do you think that children of foragers apparently do not work as much?

Accepted Answer

Children in horticultural and agricultur

Exam 17: Economic Systems

When we shop at malls, anthropologists say we are engaging in

In general, which type of economic activity provides the most leisure time?

Define market exchange. What are the factors that lead to it?

Once taxes are taken into consideration, how many months out of the year does the average person in the United States work for the various levels of government?

In all of the societies studied by anthropologists, people are assigned different tasks based on their

Every society has access to natural resources and cultural rules for determining who has access to particular resources and what can be done with them. These include

Under the Homestead Act of 1862, how long did a person need to farm a 160-acre piece of land before the federal government would consider that person the owner of that land?

Reciprocity is practiced widely in the world and it's central characteristic is that

When goods or services are given to another without any apparent expectation of a returned gift, we call it

Describe the three forms of reciprocity. Which one would most likely be used by a used car salesperson? Why?

The giving of gifts without any immediate return or conscious thought of return is most common in

By "market exchange," anthropologists mean

Among horticulturalists

Anthropologists note that the division of labor is universal. It is divided by

An indirect form of __________ is taxation.

Generalized reciprocity is most likely between

What is a leveling device? How is it practiced in commercial economies? How can reciprocity be used as a leveling device?

The concept of private ownership of land is least likely among

Why don't foragers have private ownership of land?

Why do children in horticultural and agricultural societies work? Why do you think that children of foragers apparently do not work as much?

What Is Anthropology

History of Anthropological Theory

Research Methods in Anthropology

Genetics and Evolution

Human Variation and Adaptation

The Living Primates

Primate Evolution: From Early Primates to Hominoids

The First Hominids

The Origins of Culture and the Emergence of Homo

The Emergence of Homo Sapiens

The Upper Paleolithic World

Origins of Food Production and Settled Life

Origins of Cities and States

Culture and Culture Change

Communication and Language

Getting Food

Social Stratification: Class, Ethnicity, and Racism

Culture and the Individual

Sex, Gender, and Culture

Marriage and the Family

Marital Residence and Kinship

Associations and Interest Groups

Political Life: Social Order and Disorder

Religion and Magic

The Arts

Applied, Practicing, and Medical Anthropology

Global Problems

Filters