Question 1

The type of religious practitioners found in a culture is related to the degree of cultural complexity. So in a society with only one practitioner you would typically see a

Accepted Answer

A)  shaman. 
B)  priest. 
C)  sorcerer. 
D)  none of the above. 
A)  shaman. 
B)  priest. 
C)  sorcerer. 
D)  none of the above.

Question 2

A polytheistic religion recognizes __________ gods, not one of which is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  many important / supreme 
B)  two / unimportant 
C)  three / important 
D)  potential / important 
A)  many important / supreme 
B)  two / unimportant 
C)  three / important 
D)  potential / important

Question 3

People tend to be punished by gods for immoral behavior

Accepted Answer

A)  in most societies. 
B)  in only some rare societies. 
C)  when there are considerable differences in wealth in a society. 
D)  when the rulers of a society receive their power from the gods. 
A)  in most societies. 
B)  in only some rare societies. 
C)  when there are considerable differences in wealth in a society. 
D)  when the rulers of a society receive their power from the gods.

Question 4

Anthony Wallace distinguishes taboo from mana by pointing out that

Accepted Answer

A)  things containing taboo can be touched. 
B)  things containing taboo cannot be touched. 
C)  taboo is an evil, hideous force quite able to destroy all people who touch it. 
D)  taboo is a premeditated form of evil. 
A)  things containing taboo can be touched. 
B)  things containing taboo cannot be touched. 
C)  taboo is an evil, hideous force quite able to destroy all people who touch it. 
D)  taboo is a premeditated form of evil.

Question 5

For anthropologists, the term mana refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  a supernatural force residing in some people and objects. 
B)  polluting and dangerous qualities that reside in certain activities such as menstruation. 
C)  the souls of living things as they are exhibited in dreams, trances, and apparitions of the dead. 
D)  food given by gods to humans. 
A)  a supernatural force residing in some people and objects. 
B)  polluting and dangerous qualities that reside in certain activities such as menstruation. 
C)  the souls of living things as they are exhibited in dreams, trances, and apparitions of the dead. 
D)  food given by gods to humans.

Question 6

Monotheistic religions generally have beliefs in

Accepted Answer

A)  a supreme supernatural being together with lower ranked supernatural. 
B)  only one supernatural being. 
C)  a dual existence for all living things. 
D)  forces of nature, rather than anthropomorphized gods. 
A)  a supreme supernatural being together with lower ranked supernatural. 
B)  only one supernatural being. 
C)  a dual existence for all living things. 
D)  forces of nature, rather than anthropomorphized gods.

Question 7

The gods or spirits in a particular culture exhibit certain character traits because

Accepted Answer

A)  they are developed over a very short time. 
B)  it might be related to the nature of child training. 
C)  they reflect the character traits of neighboring cultures. 
D)  they are all similar between cultures. 
A)  they are developed over a very short time. 
B)  it might be related to the nature of child training. 
C)  they reflect the character traits of neighboring cultures. 
D)  they are all similar between cultures.

Question 8

The anthropologist Clifford Geertz thought that as people face ignorance, pain, and unjustness in life they

Accepted Answer

A)  would turn inward, thus creating psychological problems for themselves. 
B)  would explain the events as intervention by the gods. 
C)  would find no explanation for these events. 
D)  turn on each other, causing a great deal of conflict. 
A)  would turn inward, thus creating psychological problems for themselves. 
B)  would explain the events as intervention by the gods. 
C)  would find no explanation for these events. 
D)  turn on each other, causing a great deal of conflict.

Question 9

Cargo cults generally occurred in Melanesian societies

Accepted Answer

A)  that had never seen Western goods. 
B)  that had recently come into contact with Western powers. 
C)  that had traditionally been mostly at war with each other. 
D)  that had experienced decreasing contact with Western goods one year prior to the movement. 
A)  that had never seen Western goods. 
B)  that had recently come into contact with Western powers. 
C)  that had traditionally been mostly at war with each other. 
D)  that had experienced decreasing contact with Western goods one year prior to the movement.

Question 10

When an individual compels the gods to act on his or her behalf

Accepted Answer

A)  divination is being performed. 
B)  sorcery is being performed. 
C)  witchcraft is being performed. 
D)  magic is being performed. 
A)  divination is being performed. 
B)  sorcery is being performed. 
C)  witchcraft is being performed. 
D)  magic is being performed.

Question 11

Religion may satisfy psychological needs, but some social scientists, like Durkheim, believed it serves social needs because

Accepted Answer

A)  basically society is the object of worship in religion. 
B)  it helps in personality development. 
C)  it helps with the natural process of growth and development. 
D)  none of the above. 
A)  basically society is the object of worship in religion. 
B)  it helps in personality development. 
C)  it helps with the natural process of growth and development. 
D)  none of the above.

Question 12

In the ranked society of Palau, the gods

Accepted Answer

A)  are associated with different clans and are ranked like the clans. 
B)  have little to do with human actions. 
C)  are not thought to be permanent, but may die and be born again, just as the clans. 
D)  are all considered of equal power. 
A)  are associated with different clans and are ranked like the clans. 
B)  have little to do with human actions. 
C)  are not thought to be permanent, but may die and be born again, just as the clans. 
D)  are all considered of equal power.

Question 13

In which type of society are the gods most likely to take an active interest in the moral behavior of humans?

Accepted Answer

A)  a food-collecting society 
B)  pastoral society 
C)  a society with inequality of wealth 
D)  an egalitarian society 
A)  a food-collecting society 
B)  pastoral society 
C)  a society with inequality of wealth 
D)  an egalitarian society

Question 14

"Animatism" may best be defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  the worship of living beings. 
B)  a belief in impersonal supernatural forces. 
C)  a belief in the ultimate oneness of things. 
D)  the worship of inanimate objects. 
A)  the worship of living beings. 
B)  a belief in impersonal supernatural forces. 
C)  a belief in the ultimate oneness of things. 
D)  the worship of inanimate objects.

Question 15

According to Durkheim, when Australian Aborigines worship totems they are really venerating

Accepted Answer

A)  the natural laws of the universe. 
B)  their parents. 
C)  Mother Nature. 
D)  their clans. 
A)  the natural laws of the universe. 
B)  their parents. 
C)  Mother Nature. 
D)  their clans.

Question 16

A "revitalization movement" is

Accepted Answer

A)  the process of resurrection in tribal eschatologist. 
B)  the return from the dead on ritual occasions, such as the Ghost Dance. 
C)  an effort to save a culture by infusing it with new purpose and life. 
D)  a religious movement characterized by miracles. 
A)  the process of resurrection in tribal eschatologist. 
B)  the return from the dead on ritual occasions, such as the Ghost Dance. 
C)  an effort to save a culture by infusing it with new purpose and life. 
D)  a religious movement characterized by miracles.

Question 17

How does magic differ from sorcery? What is the purpose of witchcraft and witchhunts according to Beatrice Whiting?

Accepted Answer

Magic and sorcery are often used interch

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a revitalization movement?

Accepted Answer

A)  a messianic movement 
B)  a cargo cult 
C)  the witchcraft accusations of Salem, Massachusetts 
D)  the religious movement of Handsome Lake, which convinced the Seneca to stop drinking 
A)  a messianic movement 
B)  a cargo cult 
C)  the witchcraft accusations of Salem, Massachusetts 
D)  the religious movement of Handsome Lake, which convinced the Seneca to stop drinking

Question 19

__________ are generally full-time male specialists who officiate at public events.

Accepted Answer

A)  Shamans 
B)  Mediums 
C)  Sorcerers 
D)  Priests 
A)  Shamans 
B)  Mediums 
C)  Sorcerers 
D)  Priests

Question 20

One explanation of the witchcraft phenomenon in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692 was that

Accepted Answer

A)  many women were involved in a coven. 
B)  the men wanted the unusual women of the community removed. 
C)  ergot poisoning was causing the effects. 
D)  the women who were accused were unfit mothers. 
A)  many women were involved in a coven. 
B)  the men wanted the unusual women of the community removed. 
C)  ergot poisoning was causing the effects. 
D)  the women who were accused were unfit mothers.

Exam 25: Religion and Magic

The type of religious practitioners found in a culture is related to the degree of cultural complexity. So in a society with only one practitioner you would typically see a

A polytheistic religion recognizes __________ gods, not one of which is __________.

People tend to be punished by gods for immoral behavior

Anthony Wallace distinguishes taboo from mana by pointing out that

For anthropologists, the term mana refers to

Monotheistic religions generally have beliefs in

The gods or spirits in a particular culture exhibit certain character traits because

The anthropologist Clifford Geertz thought that as people face ignorance, pain, and unjustness in life they

Cargo cults generally occurred in Melanesian societies

When an individual compels the gods to act on his or her behalf

Religion may satisfy psychological needs, but some social scientists, like Durkheim, believed it serves social needs because

In the ranked society of Palau, the gods

In which type of society are the gods most likely to take an active interest in the moral behavior of humans?

"Animatism" may best be defined as

According to Durkheim, when Australian Aborigines worship totems they are really venerating

A "revitalization movement" is

How does magic differ from sorcery? What is the purpose of witchcraft and witchhunts according to Beatrice Whiting?

Which of the following is NOT a revitalization movement?

__________ are generally full-time male specialists who officiate at public events.

One explanation of the witchcraft phenomenon in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692 was that

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A polytheistic religion recognizes gods, not one of which is .