Exam 2: The History of Labor-Management Relationships

The Homestead Incident:

An employer anti-union weapon was paying employees with company-created currency.This currency was called:

The trend toward multi-year labor agreements after World War II put pressure on union leaders to safeguard wage increases against the possibility of increases in the inflation rate.

Employee Representation Plans (ERPs)were:

The Pullman Strike:

The merger of the AFL and CIO in 1955 has minimized raiding between the two organizations,but has not resulted in an increase in union membership or political influence.

Unions received favorable public opinion after World War II because of their strict adherence to the "no strike pledge" during the war and the rather modest wage requests after the war.

The Byrnes Act of 1936 allowed employers to transport strikebreakers for the purpose of using force or threats against union organizers.

The law which prohibited the interstate transportation of strikebreakers for the purpose of using force or threats against union organizers,negotiators,or peaceful picketers is called:

The American Railway Union's leader who was sentenced to federal prison for failing to abide by a court's labor injunction,and later advocated the election of a government that would be responsive to the working class,based on his beliefs in Socialism was:

The Congress of Industrial Organization's tremendous success in organizing employees after its formation in 1935 was due in part to:

The AFL represented:

The "civil conspiracy" doctrine held that a group involved in concerted activities was unlawful if harm was inflicted on customers or other employees.

Samuel Gompers,AFL president,proclaimed the Clayton Act to be the Magna Charta of U.S.labor;however,the Clayton Act hurt union growth more than it helped. ​

The Great Depression of the 1930s convinced many employees that hard work and loyalty (not unions)insured continued employment and other good working conditions.

In spite of the fact that employers could legally fire employees for virtually any reason under the Employment-At-Will doctrine (EAW),employees were required to sign an agreement stating they would not join or assist in organizing a union.This agreement was called:

The National Labor Relations Board (NLRB),was created to strengthen the power of employers to prevent the formation of unions.

The emphasis on advancing employees' short-term economic and job security interests have remained the focus of organized labor since World War II.

One of Samuel Gompers' ideas which still conveys the political philosophy of organized labor today is:

Member unions of the Change to Win federation are encouraged to devote 50 percent of their annual operating budget toward union organizing activities,compared to a goal of 30 percent for AFL-CIO affiliated unions.