Question 1

The phase of the cell cycle during which the centromeres split and the sister chromatids are pulled apart is referred to as:

Accepted Answer

A)  anaphase. 
B)  telophase. 
C)  prophase. 
D)  metaphase. 
A)  anaphase. 
B)  telophase. 
C)  prophase. 
D)  metaphase. A

Question 2

An athlete runs a marathon, after which his muscles feel fatigued and unable to contract.The athlete asks the nurse why this happened.The nurse's response is based on the knowledge that the problem is result of a deficiency of:

Accepted Answer

A)  GTP. 
B)  AMP. 
C)  ATP. 
D)  GMP. 
A)  GTP. 
B)  AMP. 
C)  ATP. 
D)  GMP. C

Question 3

Which form of cell communication is used to relate to other cells in direct physical contact?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cell junction 
B)  Gap junction 
C)  Desmosome 
D)  Tight junction 
A)  Cell junction 
B)  Gap junction 
C)  Desmosome 
D)  Tight junction A

Question 4

Which description accurately describes electrolytes?

Accepted Answer

A)  Small lipid-soluble molecules 
B)  Large protein molecules 
C)  Micronutrients used to produce ATP 
D)  Electrically charged molecules 
A)  Small lipid-soluble molecules 
B)  Large protein molecules 
C)  Micronutrients used to produce ATP 
D)  Electrically charged molecules

Question 5

A nurse is teaching the staff about the phases of cellular catabolism.Which phases should the nurse include?

Accepted Answer

A)  Digestion, glycolysis, oxidation, and the citric acid cycle 
B)  Diffusion, osmosis, and mediated transport 
C)  S phase, G phase, and M phase 
D)  Metabolic absorption, respiration, and excretion 
A)  Digestion, glycolysis, oxidation, and the citric acid cycle 
B)  Diffusion, osmosis, and mediated transport 
C)  S phase, G phase, and M phase 
D)  Metabolic absorption, respiration, and excretion

Question 6

Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of glucagon from neighboring alpha cells.This action is an example of which of the following signaling types?

Accepted Answer

A)  Paracrine 
B)  Autocrine 
C)  Neurohormonal 
D)  Hormonal 
A)  Paracrine 
B)  Autocrine 
C)  Neurohormonal 
D)  Hormonal

Question 7

A patient has a body fluid of 300 mOsm/kg.This lab result is measuring:

Accepted Answer

A)  osmolality. 
B)  osmolarity. 
C)  osmotic pressure. 
D)  oncotic pressure. 
A)  osmolality. 
B)  osmolarity. 
C)  osmotic pressure. 
D)  oncotic pressure.

Question 8

How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes?

Accepted Answer

A)  By passive electrolyte channels 
B)  By coupled channels 
C)  By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase) 
D)  By diffusion 
A)  By passive electrolyte channels 
B)  By coupled channels 
C)  By adenosine triphosphate enzyme (ATPase) 
D)  By diffusion

Question 9

A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions.Which cellular function is the nurse describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to energy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Metabolic absorption 
B)  Communication 
C)  Secretion 
D)  Respiration 
A)  Metabolic absorption 
B)  Communication 
C)  Secretion 
D)  Respiration

Question 10

A cell is isolated, and electrophysiology studies reveal that the resting membrane potential is -70 mV.The predominant intracellular ion is Na+, and the predominant extracellular ion is K+.With voltage change, which of the following would result in an action potential?

Accepted Answer

A)  K+ rushing into the cell 
B)  Na+ rushing into the cell 
C)  Na+ rushing out of the cell 
D)  K+ rushing out of the cell 
A)  K+ rushing into the cell 
B)  Na+ rushing into the cell 
C)  Na+ rushing out of the cell 
D)  K+ rushing out of the cell

Question 11

Which phase of catabolism produces the most ATP?

Accepted Answer

A)  Digestion 
B)  Glycolysis 
C)  Oxidation 
D)  Citric acid cycle 
A)  Digestion 
B)  Glycolysis 
C)  Oxidation 
D)  Citric acid cycle

Question 12

In cellular metabolism, each enzyme has a high affinity for a:

Accepted Answer

A)  solute. 
B)  substrate. 
C)  receptor. 
D)  ribosome. 
A)  solute. 
B)  substrate. 
C)  receptor. 
D)  ribosome.

Question 13

Which causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action potential?

Accepted Answer

A)  Potassium gates open, and potassium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to positive. 
B)  Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to positive. 
C)  Sodium gates close, allowing potassium into the cell to change the membrane potential from positive to negative. 
D)  Potassium gates close, allowing sodium into the cell to change the membrane potential from positive to negative. 
A)  Potassium gates open, and potassium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to positive. 
B)  Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to positive. 
C)  Sodium gates close, allowing potassium into the cell to change the membrane potential from positive to negative. 
D)  Potassium gates close, allowing sodium into the cell to change the membrane potential from positive to negative.

Question 14

A student is observing a cell under the microscope.It is observed to have supercoiled DNA with histones.Which of the following would also be observed by the student?

Accepted Answer

A)  A single circular chromosome 
B)  A nucleus 
C)  Free-floating nuclear material 
D)  No organelles 
A)  A single circular chromosome 
B)  A nucleus 
C)  Free-floating nuclear material 
D)  No organelles

Question 15

What is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction?

Accepted Answer

A)  Provide growth factor for tissue growth and development. 
B)  Block progress of cell reproduction through the cell cycle. 
C)  Restrain cell growth and development. 
D)  Provide nutrients for cell growth and development. 
A)  Provide growth factor for tissue growth and development. 
B)  Block progress of cell reproduction through the cell cycle. 
C)  Restrain cell growth and development. 
D)  Provide nutrients for cell growth and development.

Question 16

A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure.The nurse recalls that oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by:

Accepted Answer

A)  the concentration of sodium. 
B)  plasma proteins. 
C)  hydrostatic pressure. 
D)  the availability of membrane transporter proteins. 
A)  the concentration of sodium. 
B)  plasma proteins. 
C)  hydrostatic pressure. 
D)  the availability of membrane transporter proteins.

Question 17

Characteristics of prokaryotes include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  They contain no organelles. 
B)  Their nuclear material is not encased by a nuclear membrane. 
C)  They contain a distinct nucleus. 
D)  They contain histones. 
E)  They contain a cellular membrane. 
A)  They contain no organelles. 
B)  Their nuclear material is not encased by a nuclear membrane. 
C)  They contain a distinct nucleus. 
D)  They contain histones. 
E)  They contain a cellular membrane.

Question 18

Which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oxygen 
B)  Ribosomes 
C)  Amphipathic lipids 
D)  Ligands 
A)  Oxygen 
B)  Ribosomes 
C)  Amphipathic lipids 
D)  Ligands

Question 19

During which process are bacteria engulfed for ingestion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Endocytosis 
B)  Pinocytosis 
C)  Phagocytosis 
D)  Exocytosis 
A)  Endocytosis 
B)  Pinocytosis 
C)  Phagocytosis 
D)  Exocytosis

Question 20

Some cancer drugs work during the cell cycle phase where nuclear and cytoplasmic divisions occur.What is this cell cycle phase called?

Accepted Answer

A)  G1 
B)  S 
C)  M 
D)  G2 
A)  G1 
B)  S 
C)  M 
D)  G2

Exam 1: Cellular Biology

The phase of the cell cycle during which the centromeres split and the sister chromatids are pulled apart is referred to as:

An athlete runs a marathon, after which his muscles feel fatigued and unable to contract.The athlete asks the nurse why this happened.The nurse's response is based on the knowledge that the problem is result of a deficiency of:

Which form of cell communication is used to relate to other cells in direct physical contact?

Which description accurately describes electrolytes?

A nurse is teaching the staff about the phases of cellular catabolism.Which phases should the nurse include?

Pancreatic beta cells secrete insulin, which inhibits secretion of glucagon from neighboring alpha cells.This action is an example of which of the following signaling types?

A patient has a body fluid of 300 mOsm/kg.This lab result is measuring:

How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes?

A nurse is instructing the staff about cellular functions.Which cellular function is the nurse describing when an isolated cell absorbs oxygen and uses it to transform nutrients to energy?

A cell is isolated, and electrophysiology studies reveal that the resting membrane potential is -70 mV.The predominant intracellular ion is Na+, and the predominant extracellular ion is K+.With voltage change, which of the following would result in an action potential?

Which phase of catabolism produces the most ATP?

In cellular metabolism, each enzyme has a high affinity for a:

Which causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action potential?

A student is observing a cell under the microscope.It is observed to have supercoiled DNA with histones.Which of the following would also be observed by the student?

What is the role of cytokines in cell reproduction?

A nurse is reading a chart and sees the term oncotic pressure.The nurse recalls that oncotic pressure (colloid osmotic pressure) is determined by:

Characteristics of prokaryotes include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)

Which of the following can bind to plasma membrane receptors?

During which process are bacteria engulfed for ingestion?

Some cancer drugs work during the cell cycle phase where nuclear and cytoplasmic divisions occur.What is this cell cycle phase called?

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Adaptive Immunity

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and Neuromuscular Junction

Alterations in Immunity

Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defense

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children and Adolescents

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

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Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

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Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

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Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

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Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

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A cell is isolated, and electrophysiology studies reveal that the resting membrane potential is -70 mV.The predominant intracellular ion is Na⁺, and the predominant extracellular ion is K⁺.With voltage change, which of the following would result in an action potential?