Question 1

What is the cause of true (primary) microcephaly?

Accepted Answer

A)  Viral infection 
B)  An autosomal recessive gene 
C)  Fetal trauma 
D)  Hydrocephalus 
A)  Viral infection 
B)  An autosomal recessive gene 
C)  Fetal trauma 
D)  Hydrocephalus B

Question 2

Which reflex of infancy will disappear first?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stepping 
B)  Rooting 
C)  Palmar grasp 
D)  Moro reflex 
A)  Stepping 
B)  Rooting 
C)  Palmar grasp 
D)  Moro reflex A

Question 3

The percent of retinoblastomas that are inherited as an autosomal dominant trait is ____%.

Accepted Answer

40

Question 4

What is the most common type of cerebral palsy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Ataxic 
B)  Dystonic 
C)  Spastic 
D)  Mixed 
A)  Ataxic 
B)  Dystonic 
C)  Spastic 
D)  Mixed

Question 5

A nurse is preparing to teach about brain tumors.Which information should the nurse include? The most common type of brain tumor in children is:

Accepted Answer

A)  neuroblastoma. 
B)  astrocytoma. 
C)  meningioma. 
D)  germ cell. 
A)  neuroblastoma. 
B)  astrocytoma. 
C)  meningioma. 
D)  germ cell.

Question 6

What term is used to document a herniation of brain and meninges through a defect in the occipital area of the skull?

Accepted Answer

A)  Encephalocele 
B)  Meningocele 
C)  Myelomeningocele 
D)  Craniosynostosis 
A)  Encephalocele 
B)  Meningocele 
C)  Myelomeningocele 
D)  Craniosynostosis

Question 7

Parents of a 3 month old bring the infant to the emergency room (ER) after a seizure has caused muscle rigidity.Both parents are of Jewish ancestry.For what genetic disease should this infant be screened?

Accepted Answer

A)  Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy 
B)  Congenital encephalopathy 
C)  Tay-Sachs disease 
D)  PKU 
A)  Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy 
B)  Congenital encephalopathy 
C)  Tay-Sachs disease 
D)  PKU

Question 8

A newborn child is diagnosed with a vertebral arch defect, spina bifida.This condition would lead the nurse to suspect the child may have which of the following as well? (Select all that apply.)

Accepted Answer

A)  Type II Chiari malformation 
B)  Myelomeningocele 
C)  Meningocele 
D)  Acrania 
E)  Craniosynostosis 
A)  Type II Chiari malformation 
B)  Myelomeningocele 
C)  Meningocele 
D)  Acrania 
E)  Craniosynostosis

Question 9

An infant is diagnosed with congenital hydrocephalus.Which of the following characteristics would the nurse expect to find?

Accepted Answer

A)  Enlarged ventricles 
B)  Decreased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production 
C)  Increased resorption of CSF 
D)  Smaller than average head circumference 
A)  Enlarged ventricles 
B)  Decreased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production 
C)  Increased resorption of CSF 
D)  Smaller than average head circumference

Question 10

During infancy, what is the fastest growing part of the human body?

Accepted Answer

A)  Spinal cord 
B)  Limb bones 
C)  Head 
D)  Vertebral column 
A)  Spinal cord 
B)  Limb bones 
C)  Head 
D)  Vertebral column

Question 11

What nutrient should the nurse encourage a woman in the early stages of pregnancy to consume to prevent neural tube defects?

Accepted Answer

A)  Protein 
B)  Iron 
C)  Vitamin D 
D)  Folic acid 
A)  Protein 
B)  Iron 
C)  Vitamin D 
D)  Folic acid

Question 12

It is true that viral meningitis:

Accepted Answer

A)  is always sudden in onset. 
B)  often occurs with measles, mumps, or herpes. 
C)  is effectively treated with antibiotics. 
D)  causes increased sugar in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF). 
A)  is always sudden in onset. 
B)  often occurs with measles, mumps, or herpes. 
C)  is effectively treated with antibiotics. 
D)  causes increased sugar in the cerebral spinal fluid (CSF).

Question 13

What term is used to describe a premature closure of one or more of the cranial sutures during the first 18 months of life?

Accepted Answer

A)  Craniosynostosis 
B)  Congential hydrocephalus 
C)  Microcephaly 
D)  Acrania 
A)  Craniosynostosis 
B)  Congential hydrocephalus 
C)  Microcephaly 
D)  Acrania

Question 14

A 10 year old presents with headache and seizures.CT scan reveals a tumor that is located near the pituitary gland.Which of the following is the most likely tumor type?

Accepted Answer

A)  Astrocytoma 
B)  Craniopharyngioma 
C)  Ependymoma 
D)  Medulloblastoma 
A)  Astrocytoma 
B)  Craniopharyngioma 
C)  Ependymoma 
D)  Medulloblastoma

Question 15

A 3 year old has been diagnosed with bacterial meningitis.What should the nurse expect to find on the lab report for the most common cause of this bacterial meningitis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Haemophilus influenzae 
B)  Neisseria meningitidis 
C)  Streptococcus pneumonia 
D)  Escherichia coli 
A)  Haemophilus influenzae 
B)  Neisseria meningitidis 
C)  Streptococcus pneumonia 
D)  Escherichia coli

Question 16

A 3-year-old Black child with a history of sickle cell disease and is now diagnosed with meningitis.Which is the most likely microorganism the nurse will find on the lab report?

Accepted Answer

A)  Virus 
B)  H.influenzae type B 
C)  S.pneumonia 
D)  N.meningitidis 
A)  Virus 
B)  H.influenzae type B 
C)  S.pneumonia 
D)  N.meningitidis

Question 17

Which of the following diseases does the nurse screen for in all newborns?

Accepted Answer

A)  Epilepsy 
B)  Tay-Sachs disease 
C)  Pica 
D)  Phenylketonuria (PKU) 
A)  Epilepsy 
B)  Tay-Sachs disease 
C)  Pica 
D)  Phenylketonuria (PKU)

Question 18

When should the nurse assess for the vomiting and headache that are the classic symptoms of childhood brain tumors?

Accepted Answer

A)  Morning 
B)  Early afternoon 
C)  As the sun goes down and darkness begins 
D)  During the middle of the night 
A)  Morning 
B)  Early afternoon 
C)  As the sun goes down and darkness begins 
D)  During the middle of the night

Question 19

What is the most common location of brain tumors in children?

Accepted Answer

A)  Above the cerebellum 
B)  In the posterior fossa 
C)  In the anterior cerebrum 
D)  In the ventricular lining 
A)  Above the cerebellum 
B)  In the posterior fossa 
C)  In the anterior cerebrum 
D)  In the ventricular lining

Question 20

A baby is stillborn after 6 hours of labor.Autopsy reveals hydrocephalus caused by cystic dilation of the fourth ventricle and aqueductal compression.Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  Congenital hydrocephalus 
B)  Microcephaly 
C)  Dandy-Walker deformity 
D)  Macewen sign 
A)  Congenital hydrocephalus 
B)  Microcephaly 
C)  Dandy-Walker deformity 
D)  Macewen sign

Exam 18: Alterations of Neurologic Function in Children

What is the cause of true (primary) microcephaly?

Which reflex of infancy will disappear first?

The percent of retinoblastomas that are inherited as an autosomal dominant trait is ____%.

What is the most common type of cerebral palsy?

A nurse is preparing to teach about brain tumors.Which information should the nurse include? The most common type of brain tumor in children is:

What term is used to document a herniation of brain and meninges through a defect in the occipital area of the skull?

Parents of a 3 month old bring the infant to the emergency room (ER) after a seizure has caused muscle rigidity.Both parents are of Jewish ancestry.For what genetic disease should this infant be screened?

A newborn child is diagnosed with a vertebral arch defect, spina bifida.This condition would lead the nurse to suspect the child may have which of the following as well? (Select all that apply.)

An infant is diagnosed with congenital hydrocephalus.Which of the following characteristics would the nurse expect to find?

During infancy, what is the fastest growing part of the human body?

What nutrient should the nurse encourage a woman in the early stages of pregnancy to consume to prevent neural tube defects?

It is true that viral meningitis:

What term is used to describe a premature closure of one or more of the cranial sutures during the first 18 months of life?

A 10 year old presents with headache and seizures.CT scan reveals a tumor that is located near the pituitary gland.Which of the following is the most likely tumor type?

A 3 year old has been diagnosed with bacterial meningitis.What should the nurse expect to find on the lab report for the most common cause of this bacterial meningitis?

A 3-year-old Black child with a history of sickle cell disease and is now diagnosed with meningitis.Which is the most likely microorganism the nurse will find on the lab report?

Which of the following diseases does the nurse screen for in all newborns?

When should the nurse assess for the vomiting and headache that are the classic symptoms of childhood brain tumors?

What is the most common location of brain tumors in children?

A baby is stillborn after 6 hours of labor.Autopsy reveals hydrocephalus caused by cystic dilation of the fourth ventricle and aqueductal compression.Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Cellular Biology

Genes and Genetic Diseases

Epigenetics and Disease

Altered Cellular and Tissue Biology

Fluids and Electrolytes, Acids and Bases

Innate Immunity: Inflammation and Wound Healing

Adaptive Immunity

Disorders of the Central and Peripheral Nervous Systems and Neuromuscular Junction

Alterations in Immunity

Infection and Defects in Mechanisms of Defense

Stress and Disease

Biology of Cancer

Cancer Epidemiology

Cancer in Children and Adolescents

Structure and Function of the Neurologic System

Pain, Temperature, Sleep, and Sensory Function

Alterations in Cognitive Systems, Cerebral Hemodynamics, and Motor Function

Mechanisms of Hormonal Regulation

Alterations of Hormonal Regulation

Obesity and Disorders of Nutrition

Structure and Function of the Hematologic System

Alterations of Hematologic Function

Alterations of Hematologic Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Cardiovascular and Lymphatic Systems

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function

Alterations of Cardiovascular Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Pulmonary System

Alterations of Pulmonary Function

Alterations of Pulmonary Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Renal and Urologic Systems

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function

Alterations of Renal and Urinary Tract Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Reproductive Systems

Alterations of the Female Reproductive System

Alterations of the Male Reproductive System

Structure and Function of the Digestive System

Alterations of Digestive Function

Alterations of Digestive Function in Children

Structure and Function of the Musculoskeletal System

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function

Alterations of Musculoskeletal Function in Children

Structure, Function, and Disorders of the Integument

Alterations of the Integument in Children

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