Exam 18: An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere

Water moves from land to the atmosphere through ________.

In the oceans, global warming has ________.

Scenario Salmon eggs hatch in freshwater streams and, during their first year of life, the young salmon migrate distances up to 1,000 km in order to reach the ocean. Here they spend up to 5 years where they feed and grow, acquiring more than 95% of their biomass. During the summer of their maturing year, they begin the long journey back to their home streams to spawn. Although it is still uncertain how salmon navigate back to their spawning grounds, current hypotheses suggest that they have a highly developed sense of smell that allows them to remember odors they encountered on their migration to the ocean. They then use these odors to help them navigate back to the streams where they were born. At the spawning grounds, females use their tails to form a hollow cavity in the stream gravel where they lay up to 8,000 eggs. The males fertilize the eggs, and both adults typically die soon thereafter. -The physiological response that allows salmon to survive in fresh water, then in salt water, and then fresh water again is an example of ________.

What level of ecology is concerned with groups of individuals of different species?

What level of ecology is concerned with energy flow and the cycling of chemicals among various biotic and abiotic factors?

Scenario Salmon eggs hatch in freshwater streams and, during their first year of life, the young salmon migrate distances up to 1,000 km in order to reach the ocean. Here they spend up to 5 years where they feed and grow, acquiring more than 95% of their biomass. During the summer of their maturing year, they begin the long journey back to their home streams to spawn. Although it is still uncertain how salmon navigate back to their spawning grounds, current hypotheses suggest that they have a highly developed sense of smell that allows them to remember odors they encountered on their migration to the ocean. They then use these odors to help them navigate back to the streams where they were born. At the spawning grounds, females use their tails to form a hollow cavity in the stream gravel where they lay up to 8,000 eggs. The males fertilize the eggs, and both adults typically die soon thereafter. -At different times in their lives, salmon can be found in all but one of these biomes. Choose the EXCEPTION.

If their own solute concentration does not match that of their surroundings, aquatic organisms ________.

Which ecosystems support life in the absence of sunlight?

What name is given to the seafloor?

All but one of these are causes for increasing carbon dioxide levels. Choose the EXCEPTION.

In what part of the ocean are phytoplankton found?

Long, snowy winters as well as evergreen trees such as pine and fir are found in ________.

Water-storing plants and deeply rooted shrubs are plants that characterize ________.

Which of these is a community?

The figure shows regions of an ocean. In what region do phytoplankton live?

What name is given to the region where ocean meets land?