Exam 2: Essential Chemistry for Biology

Scenario While radioactive isotopes are used in medicine to identify tumors and other diseases, they can also be used to treat diseases such as cancer. One method to treat cancerous tumors is to expose them to radiation which can kill the cancerous cells and the tumor. In 2013, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved a new cancer treatment based on the radioactive isotope radium-223; this isotope has a half-life of 11.4 days. The radioactive drug, known as Xofigo®, is injected into the patient's bloodstream and travels to certain regions of the body. Because it emits high-energy radiation over short distances, it can kill cancerous cells in the sites where it localizes. After the drug was injected into a person, the following data were collected regarding the amount of radiation measured in different organs in the person's body. -Which of the following would be the best experiment to determine whether this drug is an effective treatment option for cancer patients?

An atom has 20 protons, 20 neutrons, and 20 electrons. What atom is being described?

What name is given to substances that resist changes in pH?

The way Earth moves about the sun is most like ________.

Sulfur has an atomic number of 16. How many covalent bonds can sulfur form?

Adjacent water molecules interact with one another via ________ bonds.

Which of the following is an acid?

Isotopes of an element have the same number of ________ and different numbers of ________.

Adjacent water molecules interact through the ________.

Which of the following elements is a trace element that is essential to life?

What are the reactant(s)in the following chemical reaction? C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6 H₂O + 6 O₂ → 6 CO₂ + 12 H₂O

________ is an example of an element.

Scenario While radioactive isotopes are used in medicine to identify tumors and other diseases, they can also be used to treat diseases such as cancer. One method to treat cancerous tumors is to expose them to radiation which can kill the cancerous cells and the tumor. In 2013, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved a new cancer treatment based on the radioactive isotope radium-223; this isotope has a half-life of 11.4 days. The radioactive drug, known as Xofigo®, is injected into the patient's bloodstream and travels to certain regions of the body. Because it emits high-energy radiation over short distances, it can kill cancerous cells in the sites where it localizes. After the drug was injected into a person, the following data were collected regarding the amount of radiation measured in different organs in the person's body. -Using the above table, what kind of cancer do you think Xofigo® is used to treat?

What is the outcome of evaporative cooling in the form of sweating?

The lower the pH of a solution, the ________.

An uncharged atom of mercury has an atomic number of 80 and an atomic mass of 200. This atom has ________ protons, ________ neutrons, and ________ electrons.

Why is water considered a polar molecule?

The hydrogen and oxygen atoms of a water molecule are held together by ________ bonds.

All of the following are potential negative impacts of ocean acidification except one. Choose the exception.

Examine the pH scale below. How does grapefruit juice compare to lemon juice?