Exam 23: Circulation and Respiration

The figure below is from an experiment on athletes. The "live high, train low" group lived for 18 days in rooms with a simulated altitude of 3,000 m, while training (exercising)at 1,200 m. Use this information and this figure to answer the following questions. -The scientists who conducted this experiment were testing the hypothesis that living at high altitudes will boost red blood cell production, which can then affect stamina when training and competing at lower altitudes. What group of athletes is an appropriate control treatment for this experiment?

Which group of people is most likely to have an iron deficiency?

In humans, oxygen is delivered from the environment to the cells of the body by ________.

Which of these animals has a double circulatory system?

Scenario In sickle cell disease (SCD), a mutation in hemoglobin causes deoxygenated hemoglobin to stick together in long chains, which in turn distorts red blood cells into an elongated, sickle (crescent) shape. -In a person with SCD, where would red blood cells with a sickle shape be LEAST likely to be found?

Red blood cells lack nuclei and other organelles which allows them to ________.

The cardiovascular system of a mouse works like that of a human. A mouse is moved from sea level (low altitude)to the top of a mountain (high altitude). How could this mouse's cardiovascular system maintain a similar rate of oxygen delivery to its tissues now that the mouse is at the top of the mountain?

White blood cells play a particularly important role in ________.

Plasma is where we could find ________ in the blood.

What is one way in which the cardiovascular system of a mammal is different than that of an arthropod such as an insect?

When tissue lining a blood vessel is damaged, the first thing that happens is ________.

Scenario Yawning is a reflexive action that is often associated with sleepiness. When a person yawns, the mouth opens, and a longer than normal breath of air is inhaled, followed by a longer than normal exhalation. Hypothesizing that yawning has a regulatory mechanism similar to breathing, scientists conducted an experiment on college students to test the effect of existing carbon dioxide levels on yawning. -The structure where the respiratory and digestive systems meet expands during a yawn. What is the name of this structure?

Why is blood pressure higher during systole than during diastole?

What structure do lobsters use for gas exchange?

Scenario Yawning is a reflexive action that is often associated with sleepiness. When a person yawns, the mouth opens, and a longer than normal breath of air is inhaled, followed by a longer than normal exhalation. Hypothesizing that yawning has a regulatory mechanism similar to breathing, scientists conducted an experiment on college students to test the effect of existing carbon dioxide levels on yawning. -The scientists investigated carbon dioxide levels in their experiment because high carbon dioxide levels in the ________ signal control centers in the brain to increase rate and depth of inhalations and exhalations.

Scenario Blood flowing away from the heart is under tremendous pressure, able to travel to just about any portion of the body. However, blood pressure drops considerably as it moves away from the heart. When blood finally reaches capillaries, the blood pressure drops to nearly zero. Therefore, when a person is standing, blood returning from the feet is not moved back towards the heart by contractions of the heart. -Blood is propelled back to the heart by ________.

If your blood pressure were 120/70, it would mean that ________.

-In this figure, what could one of the dissolved substances be?

Together, inhalation and exhalation are referred to as ________.

The following figure illustrates ________.