Exam 9: Chemotrophic Energy Metabolism: Glycolysis and Fermentation

Mammalian tumor cells that increase glycolysis even in the presence of oxygen increase expression of one isoform of the glycolytic enzyme ________,the first enzyme in the glycolytic pathway.

The process of gluconeogenesis converts pyruvate or lactate into

Glucose transported into human cells can be transformed into all of the following except

Individuals with diabetes (diabetes mellitus),in which blood glucose levels can be toxically high,are often recommended to avoid consuming sucrose (table sugar). a)Why is sucrose not recommended for diabetics? b)Why would diabetics be urged to avoid foods that are high in starch?

The coenzyme ________ donates ________ to ferment pyruvate into lactate or ethanol.

Which glycolytic enzyme uses ATP to phosphorylate glucose?

Pyruvate can be a substrate or product involved in each of the following except

Glycolytic enzymes have been found to have roles in all of the following except

Three of the ten glycolysis enzyme reactions are not simply reversed in gluconeogenesis and require different enzymes because

NAD⁺

Oxygen is toxic to

________ stabilization lowers free energy,because extra electrons are delocalized over all possible bonds.

Cells can store energy in each of the following molecules except

The three reasons that phosphoanhydride bond hydrolysis is highly exergonic are: ________ between the bonded phosphate groups and increased ________ and ________ of both products of hydrolysis.

Each of the following is fermentation products except

Which of the following glycolytic enzymes associates with mitochondria to coordinate glycolysis and respiration?

Consider the following list of phosphorylated compounds with their free energies of phosphate hydrolysis: Glucose-1-phosphate: -5.0 kcal/mol PEP: -14.8 kcal/mole ATP: -7.3 kcal/mol Which of these molecules could phosphorylate an unknown compound whose free energy of phosphate hydrolysis is -10.3kcal/mol?

The negatively charged phosphates of ATP influence one another by

Fermentation directly

During the first phase of glycolysis,phosphate forms what type of bond with glucose?